India: Earthquake - ACT: 03-May-01
Action by Churches Together (ACT)
Appeal - India - Gujarat
Earthquake Relief & Rehabilitation - ASIN-11 (Revision 3)
Appeal Target: US$ 10,263,831
Balance Requested from ACT Network: US$ 3,673,047
Geneva, 3 May 2001
A severe earthquake devastated western India, particularly the state of
Gujarat on 26 January 2001 killing more than 20,000 people and rendering
more than 400,000 families homeless. According to government statistics
15.9 million people were directly affected. The situation is expected to
deteriorate as there is prevailing and possibly extending drought due to
lack of rain. The central and state governments are looking for all
options to mobilise resources to cope with the vast needs for
rehabilitation of earthquake victims with the help of local / national
NGOs and international aid agencies.
This revision includes the proposal of Lutheran World Service India (LWS
I) for the rehabilitation phase. Please refer to the original ASIN-11
Appeal issued on 2 February and Revisions 1 and 2 issued on 14 February
and 27 March.
Projects Completion Dates:
UELCI 31 October 2001
LWF 30 June 2002
CASA 31 March 2002
Summary of Appeal Targets, Pledges/Contributions Received and Balance
Requested
Total Appeal Less: Pledges Balance Requested
Targets & Contr. Recd from ACT Network
External Eval. 60,000 41,328 18,672
ACT Comm. 20,000 6,471 13,529
Unallocated Funds 0 37,000 - 37,000
UELCI 1,015,387 790,167 225,220
LWS I 2,793,601 1,675,143 1,118,458
CASA 6,374,843 4,040,675 2,334,168
Total Target US$ 10,263,831 6,590,784 3,673,047
Thor-Arne Prois
ACT Co-ordinator
REQUESTING ACT MEMBER INFORMATION
The Lutheran World Federation/Department for World Service - India
Programme (ACT/LWS India)
IMPLEMENTING ACT MEMBER & PARTNER INFORMATION
The Lutheran World Federation / World Service India Programme (ACT/LWS
India) is a relief and development organisation, established with the
mandate to alleviate the suffering of distressed groups irrespective of
caste, religion, gender or political affiliation. ACT/LWS India has been
implementing Integrated Development and Disaster Response projects since
1974 in several States of India. LWS India project continues to receive
strong support and co-operation from the respective State Governments.
Since its inception ACT/LWS India has been responding to all major
emergencies in the state of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra,
Orissa, West Bengal, Assam, Bihar and Gujarat. Though ACT/LWS India has
focussed its attention on the eastern region, the instant response to
major disasters such as the Latur earthquake in Maharashtra, ethnic
violence in Bihar and Assam, drought in Northern India and Andhra Pradesh
and, most recently, the devastating earthquake in Gujarat, are the best
examples of the organisation's capacity to respond both quickly and
effectively to disasters in all regions.
DESCRIPTION of the EMERGENCY SITUATION
Background
A very severe earthquake devastated western India, particularly the state
of Gujarat on 26 January 2001 killing more than 20,000 people and
rendering more than 400,000 families homeless. According to government
statistics 15.9 million people were directly affected. The situation is
expected to deteriorate as there is prevailing and possibly extending
drought due to lack of rain. The central and state governments are looking
for all options to mobilise resources to cope with the vast needs for
rehabilitation of earthquake victims with the help of local / national
NGOs and international aid agencies.
Current Situation
ACT/LWS India initiated crisis phase activities by distributing blankets,
cotton bed sheets, lanterns, temporary shelter materials like plastic
sheeting, tarpaulin and tents. ACT/LWS India had to be selective in its
response by withholding the distribution of food and clothing as there was
an instant response from many other international communities,
governmental organisations and other national NGOs for such needs. The
major relief assistance programme was completed by the end of March, 2001
covering 20,158 families in 49 villages of Gandhidham, Bachau Talukas in
Kutch, Morbi and Malia Talukas in Rajkot districts. Out of 49 villages,
where ACT/LWF India made available emergency assistance, 9 villages were
identified for the construction of GI sheet roofed temporary shelters. The
phased reconstruction of destroyed houses especially for the vulnerable
groups, will take a minimum of two years, although a justifiable
rehabilitation package is offered by the government / other agencies.
The temporary shelter like plastic sheeting or tents are not going to last
for a long period, therefore, ACT/LWS India started erecting GI sheet
roofed tin sheds for 2,000 families with support from ECHO through
ACT/DanChurchAid.
In the meantime, the government of Gujarat has come up with a package for
rehabilitation on a 50 / 50 public - private participation basis. It
clearly envisages the NGO's participation on a large scale. In order to
exercise the much-needed co-operation, the allotment of villages to NGOs
for reconstruction work will be done by the state government.
The earthquake stricken region is also prone to other disasters such as
cyclones and drought. The Gujarat region was experiencing the second year
of drought and a year ago a major cyclone flattened the area almost
completely. Therefore, the rehabilitation plan should be reinforced with
adequate measures to mitigate the after effects of such disasters.
Impact On Human Lives
The number of deaths caused by the killer earthquake still remains
unclear, but it is mostly attributed to faulty construction of buildings.
The official estimate puts it at around 20,086 and the number of people
injured are reported as 166,812. In fact several million people are still
living under trauma with the frequent aftershocks in the region. Many
people have completely lost all their means of livelihood beyond recovery
and need outside help for fast revival in order to be able to support
themselves.
Description of Damages
The century's worst disaster happened on 26 January 2001 in Gujarat and
the magnitude of the quake was 6.9 on the Richter scale, the epicentre was
20 kms north east of Bhuj, a small resort town in Kutch district.
Although 7,904 villages in 21 districts of Gujarat were affected by the
earthquake, it was also felt over a major part of the country.
Summary of the damages caused due to the earthquake
Sl.No.
Details
Number
1. Affected Districts 21
2. Affected Talukas 182
3. Affected Villages 7,904
4. Human Life loss 20,086
5. Persons Injured 166,812
6. Houses fully destroyed 378,286
7. Houses partly destroyed 968,879
8. Livestock loss 21,551
9. Affected population 15.9 million
According to available information from State Government the details of
affected districts is as follows (as on 26.04.01) :
Location for Proposed Response
The State Government of Gujarat had allotted 49 villages to ACT/LWS India
for crisis intervention and out of these villages, 4 villages will be
selected for long term rehabilitation work. The government is proposing 3
different categories of housing based on the land holding, however,
ACT/LWS India will use its resources only for constructing the smallest
category house belonging to the landless and vulnerable sections among the
victims. Though these four villages will fall in two different districts
namely Kutch and Rajkot, the field unit will be co-ordinated from
Gandhidham, one of the worst affected Talukas in Kutch district.
ACT/LWS India country representative and Emergency Officer in his capacity
as unit head of the E&R Department, will supervise the entire
rehabilitation operation and ensure co-ordination with other ACT partners.
Current Security situation
At present there are no major security risks other than occasional
aftershocks that followed the earthquake. The daily temperatures are
between 43 and 48 degrees Celsius consequently, construction activities
will be affected during peak hours due to restricted movement of people
outside.
GOAL & OBJECTIVES
Goal : The project aims at the reconstruction and rehabilitation of
vulnerable communities affected by the earthquake and to minimise the risk
for such communities through disaster mitigation measures.
Objectives :
To support and assist sustainable livelihood.
To assist and promote disaster resistant infrastructure namely individual
housing and other community assets.
To promote household and community based disaster preparedness and
mitigation, including education, awareness building and local capacity
building.
Activities and Outputs
Reconstruction of 700 disaster resistant houses
Reconstruction of 4 schools, 4 community centres and approach roads
through community participation.
Livelihood security for 200 families.
Establishment of self-help groups and community support organisations
Local capacity building and awareness activities.
Provision of safe drinking water by improving pipelines and water sources,
Provision of basic sanitation.
TARGETED BENEFICIARIES
Number and type of targeted beneficiaries
ACT / LWS India will be targeting earthquake affected families from the
most vulnerable sections, economically and socially, such as landless
peasants, marginal and small farmers belonging to scheduled castes and
scheduled tribes. Priority will be given to those families with widows,
women-headed households, those who are chronically sick and handicapped
and families from backward classes and marginal / landless peasants.
Disaster resistant houses will be provided for 700 families.
4 School buildings will provide educational facilities for approximately
1,500 - 2,000 children.
4 Community buildings will give benefit to 4 villages approximately 1,300
- 1,500 families.
Village feeder roads will also be used by the whole villagers
approximately 9,000 - 10,000 population.
Criteria for beneficiary selection
Out of 21 districts affected by the earthquake, ACT/LWS India has selected
two districts, Kutch and Rajkot for the crisis phase operation. 49
villages from 4 Talukas were assisted with the emergency phase operations.
Medium term rehabilitation activities such as construction of 2,000 units
of GC sheet roofed sheds were taken up in 9 villages of 3 Talukas.
Finally, 4 villages in two Talukas in 2 districts predominantly inhabited
by the most vulnerable families very severely affected by the earthquake
will be identified for long term rehabilitation activities. The final
selection of beneficiaries will be based on their vulnerability to respond
to a speedy recovery and reconciliation. The beneficiary groups will
include :
landless and marginal farmers
households headed by women
households that have lost their entire livelihood
people who have no access to other resources and service
families incapable of surviving without outside support
families with chronically ill / handicapped members
PROPOSED ASSISTANCE & IMPLEMENTATION
Post Crisis Phase
Locally accepted and appropriate physical infrastructure to withstand
possible future disasters will be the priority of the current proposal. At
the same time, as there are construction works involved, it is important
to ensure that there will be no adverse effects on the environment.
Measures will be taken to minimise any such impact on the surrounding
area.
Right from the beginning, the community's participation and involvement is
vital and it is envisaged in the programme implementation strategy. It is
hoped to enhance the community's capacity to cope with the changing needs
and hasten the recovery process without compromising to the local culture.
Disaster Resistant Housing : As the region is prone to both cyclone and
earthquake, adequate / appropriate technology to resist such disasters,
needs to be taken into consideration for future reconstruction work. It
should also be acceptable to the local culture as well as satisfy cost
effectiveness.
ACT / LWS India villages fall under Package - I category, where the
villages are to be relocated due to destruction higher than 70%. The
responsibility to find a safer location and provide village layout lies
with the State Government. This involves a close interaction between
village community and government officials so as to avoid any litigation
in the process. To the extent possible, ACT/LWS India will carry out
liaison work with the government to streamline the identification of
location and finalise the village layout as early as possible.
Although Package - I provides categorisation of houses based on the land
holding by individual families, ACT/LWS India will reconstruct only the
smallest category houses belonging to the marginalised groups. If at all
ACT/LWS India accepts to reconstruct other category houses, it will be
limited to a core unit (core house of 30 m2 ) in order to present a
uniform approach instead of creating a class distinction in the
rehabilitation.
The unit core house will be single storied and will be constructed using
stone/brick masonry. Each house unit will be provided with sanitation
facilities and altogether the built in area will be approximately 325
sq.ft.(approx 30 m2 ). The construction will be carried out adhering to
all norms of "Earthquake and Cyclone Resistant" houses specified by the
competent technical authority, specially regarding designs, reinforcement
and other recommendations. The detailed estimated budget for a single
house unit is given below :
Community Infrastructure
Village school : To restore the basic community activities, for regular
functioning of the villages, it is proposed to reconstruct a school in
each village. Beign a public building, it will be designed and structured
incorporating both earthquake and cyclone resistant specifications to the
latest Indian Building Codes.
Community Centre: As part of the package declared by the State
Government, it is essential to build the necessary infrastructure for
local self government at the village level, therefore in each village
where ACT/LWS India takes up reconstruction of individual houses a
building for community activities, measuring approximately 700 sq.ft built
in area will be provided. The technical specification and design will be
in accordance with the approved norms.
This community centre is expected to be the centre of all common
activities where local Panchayat will have a permanent space and the
maintenance of the building will be entrusted to the Panchayat and the
village community.
Approach Road: With the active involvement and participation of the
village communities, village link/approach roads will be repaired or
constructed in each village. While village communities participate in the
earth filling and raising land voluntarily, ACT/LWS India will give
support through supplying construction materials such as stone and gravel
as well as pay for the services of road rollers and other skilled works.
As the communities, who come forward to work together in building assets,
are from the economically and socially backward strata, ACT/LWS India is
also proposing to support part of the wages.
Water & Sanitation: In order to ensure safe drinking water to the
villagers, ACT/LWS India proposes to take up repair and renovation of
pipeline systems as well as fixing of water storage tanks. As per
Norwegian Church Aid supported Water and Sanitation Mission studies, after
an extensive survey of the region, an action plan has been recommended
which is suitable to the area. Accordingly, activities such as pipeline
improvement for 13 communities as well as installation of one water
storage tank will be taken up in addition to the basic sanitation
programme for 8,650 families in the villages. ACT/LWS India is committed
to taking up these activities in the villages allotted to it and the
extension of these activities in additional villages will be according to
the extent of support received from Norwegian Church Aid through ACT.
Revival of Livelihood: The re-establishment of livelihood, which was
completely ruined by the earthquake is very important, particularly to the
most vulnerable families. In each village 50 - 60 such families will be
identified and support will be extended according to the particular
requirements. The assistance will be in the form of working tools and
premises to re-establish the livelihood of the families, which in turn
will ensure food security. ACT/LWS India expects to assistance 200 such
families in the villages it intends to take up rehabilitation and
reconstruction work.
Community Based Organisations: Establishment and maintenance of community
infrastructure and assets should go hand in hand with strengthening of
CBOs who expect to claim the ownership of such assets. Therefore, various
programmes are to be undertaken to create awareness among communities
about self-help and sustenance of life specially in the event of
disasters. Individual house-hold preparedness to be encouraged at the
smallest level which pave the way for the community based disaster
preparedness. Village youth groups and Mahila Mandals (women groups) are
expected to be strengthened in all villages where ACT/LWS India focuses
its rehabilitation activities.
Procurement Process
Materials required for rehabilitation intervention will be purchased in
accordance with ACT/LWS India procurement norms and procedures. ACT/LWS
India will use its decades of experience in handling large emergencies in
procurement of materials from various locations in India to speed up the
operation. Material procurement related to construction activities, will
be mainly from local stations and the factory made items would be
negotiated directly with the manufacturers to save costs. ACT/LWS India
ill also explore all possibilities to get exemption from any liveable
taxes, as this is part of humanitarian work.
ADMINISTRATION, FINANCE, MONITORING & REPORTING
Administration
ACT/LWS India has more than 26 years experience of planning, implementing
and monitoring relief and rehabilitation projects. It has well established
internal administration, personnel, financial and material management and
reporting systems. ACT/LWS India Head Office in Calcutta, consisting of
offices of the Director, Finance and Disaster Response Unit, will be
responsible for overall administration of the project. From the Head
Office, ACT/LWS India country Director and the Emergency Officer, in his
capacity as the Head of the Disaster Response Unit, will be directly
responsible for overseeing this programme. At the field level, project
co-ordination units to be set up under a project co-ordinator who will
plan, implement and monitor the progress of the project and provide
regular reports to the Head Office.
Monitoring Procedures
General planning and monitoring of the programme will be done by ACT/LWS
India Head Office. Personnel of LWF Head Office will visit the project
sites at regular intervals to monitor and guide the implementing
personnel. In the field, the Project Co-ordination Units will supervise
the programme implementation. Project personnel responsible for
implementing activities at the village level will report on a weekly basis
to the co-ordination unit. The Project Co-ordination units will submit
statistical and narrative reports, including financial and material use
reports, to the ACT/LWS India Head Office on a fortnightly basis.
Project interim reports as well as final narrative and financial reports
will be shared with all stakeholders in due course.
IMPLEMENTATION TIMETABLE
The project has been operational since February, 2001 and taking into
consideration the increased target activities, specially the construction
of school buildings and community buildings, a longer duration is
proposed. All rehabilitation activities will be completed by 30 June 2002.
COORDINATION
The relief and rehabilitation operations will be implemented in close
co-ordination with the district administration and local self-government
officials as well as other local stakeholders. There will be periodical
meetings among NGOs and other ACT partners to share information and
experience to enhance the efficiency and transparency in the intervention.
All periodical reports will be shared among ACT partners as well as
concerned national church bodies to keep abreast with the progress of
rehabilitation activities.
BUDGET
ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE
Description Type of No of Unit Cost Budget Budget
Unit Units INR INR US$
DIRECT ASSISTANCE
CRISIS PHASE
Relief Food Distribution
Rice MT 600 11,500 6,900,000 147,373
Lentils MT 60 23,000 1,380,000 29,475
Oil MT 45 38,640 1,738,800 37,138
Sub Total 10,018,800 213,985
Shelter Provision
Plastic sheeting Piece 20,000 271.40 5,428,000 115,933
Family Assistance Kits
Clothing Kit 80,000 60.95 4,876,000 104,144
Cotton and Wool blankets Piece 40,000 89.70 3,588,000 76,634
Household utensils Set 20,000 174.80 3,496,000 74,669
Sub Total 17,388,000 371,380
Water and Sanitation
Installation of tube wells and drains Number 200 29,900 5,980,000 127,723
Bleaching powder MT 10 16,100 161,000 3,439
Lime water purifier MT 10 6,440 64,400 1,375
Sub Total 6,205,400 132,537
Total Crisis Phase 33,612,200 717,903
POST CRISIS PHASE
Infrastructure Rehabilitation & Development
Housing Number 700 78,200 54,740,000 1,169,158
School buildings Number 4 861,120 3,444,480 73,569
Community centres Number 4 230,000 920,000 19,650
Village feeder roads Km 20 115,000 2,300,000 49,124
Description Type of No of Unit Cost Budget Budget
Unit Units INR INR US$
Water and Sanitation
Drilling and installation of pump Unit 1 121,000 121,000 2,584
Rebuilding of sanitary utilities Number 8,650 2,000 17,300,000 369,500
Pipe line improvement Unit 13 86,250 1,121,250 23,948
Logistics & expertise for WatSan Lumpsum 2,100,000 44,853
Food Security and Agriculture
Revival of livelihood Family 200 9,200 1,840,000 39,299
Community Organisation & Capacity Building
Training on leadership development Programme 16 5,520 88,320 1,886
Trauma counselling Programme 2 5,520 11,040 236
Training on disaster preparedness Programme 16 6,900 110,400 2,358
Training material & documentation Lumpsum 197,800 4,225
Sub Total 84,294,290 1,800,391
MATERIAL TRANSPORT, STORAGE, WAREHOUSING AND HANDLING
Transport
Relief material Truck 114 14,950 1,704,300 36,401
Housing material Number 700 1,610 1,127,000 24,071
School and shelter material Number 4 69,000 276,000 5,895
Material for community centers Number 4 23,000 92,000 1,965
Feeder roads Truck 200 2,760 552,000 11,790
Storage and Handling
Warehouse rental Lumpsum 213,210 4,554
Warehouse security Lumpsum 144,670 3,090
Labor costs Lumpsum 55,200 1,179
Sub Total 4,164,380 88,944
CAPITAL EQUIPMENT
Vehicles
Jeep Number 1 498,640 498,640 10,650
Motor cycles Number 6 42,550 255,300 5,453
Office Equipment
Computer and peripherals Unit 1 110,400 110,400 2,358
Office furnishings Lumpsum 1 150,000 150,000 3,204
Communication Equipment
Telephone and fax equipment Unit 1 35,000 35,000 748
Sub Total 1,049,340 22,412
PERSONNEL, ADMINISTRATION, OPERATIONS & SUPPORT
Staff Salaries and Support
Emergency officer (40% of salary) Month 17 7,360 125,120 2,672
Finance officer (40% of salary) Month 17 7,360 125,120 2,672
Monitoring officer (40% of salary) Month 17 7,360 125,120 2,672
Field coordinators (2 persons) Month 3 12,650 75,900 1,621
Field coordinator Month 14 12,650 177,100 3,783
Office secretary Month 14 5,980 83,720 1,788
Accountants (2 persons) Month 3 8,740 52,440 1,120
Accountant Month 14 8,740 122,360 2,613
Store keepers (2 persons) Month 3 7,130 42,780 914
Store keeper Month 14 7,130 99,820 2,132
Civil engineers (2 persons) Month 14 8,740 244,720 5,227
Social workers (20 persons) Month 3 6,210 372,600 7,958
Social workers (10 persons) Month 14 6,210 869,400 18,569
Description Type of No of Unit Cost Budget Budget
Unit Units INR INR US$
Support staff (4 persons) Month 17 4,485 304,980 6,514
Volunteers' honoraria (10 persons) Month 17 3,450 586,500 12,527
Staff Travel
International travel Lumpsum 92,000 1,965
Local travel Month 17 31,280 531,760 11,358
Per diem Month 17 27,370 465,290 9,938
Benefits and staff insurance Lumpsum. 319,700 6,828
Office Operation
Office rent (free space for 3 mths) Month 14 9,200 128,800 2,751
Office utilities Month 17 9,200 156,400 3,340
Office stationery and supplies Month 17 9,200 156,400 3,340
Telephone and fax Month 17 8,740 148,580 3,173
Vehicle operation
Fuel (gasoline and diesel) Lumpsum 736,000 15,720
Maintenance and insurance Lumpsum 73,600 1,572
Sub Total 6,216,210 132,768
AUDIT AND EVALUATION
Audit Lumpsum 92,000 1,965
Progr evaluation & documentation Lumpsum 184,000 3,930
Sub Total 276,000 5,895
OTHER EXPENSES
Admin of WatSan component Lumpsum 1,000,000 21,358
Promotion & visibility Lumpsum 184,000 3,930
Sub Total 1,184,000 25,288
TOTAL ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE 130,796,420 2,793,601
Exchange Rate : USD 1 = INR 46.82
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Action by Churches Together (ACT) is a worldwide alliance of churches and
their related agencies, meeting human need through co-ordinated emergency
response. The ACT Coordinating Office is based with the World Council of
Churches (WCC) and the Lutheran World Federation (LWF) in Switzerland.
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P.O. Box 2100 E-Mail: act@wcc-coe.org
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Switzerland http://www.act-intl.org
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