Action by Churches Together (ACT)
Appeal - Cambodia
Post-Flood  Rehabilitation - ASKH-11 (Revision 1)
Appeal Target: US$ 94,384
Balance Requested from ACT Network:  US$ 0
Geneva,  6 June 2001


'The most devastating floods in the past 40 years' as the world described
last year's floods in Cambodia, have left deep scars on the local
population in 21 out of 22 communities. The Cambodia floods, which started
in July 2000, are now well past the Crisis Phase and the rehabilitation
phase has been initiated.  Due to the enormous magnitude of the disaster,
assessments undertaken in the beginning and during the crisis were not
thoroughly done, therefore, results that are appearing only now show a
significant damage to the local infrastructure and furthermore a high
number of internally displaced families.

Church World Service (CWS) carried out a further rehabilitation assessment
in project areas in November and December which resulted in ASKH-11 Appeal
issued 6 March 2001. As the initial appeal proposal was based on
incomplete rapid assessments and many assumptions, it was inevitable that
some of the relief activities were over- or under budgeted. In all target
areas it is evident that the poorest segments of the communities have
suffered and continue to suffer the most with loss of houses, assets and
crops.  Moreover, these vulnerable groups have less coping strategies and
capacities to deal with the consequences of disaster.

The continuing need for rehabilitation assistance in CWS areas has led to
this revision.  Increasingly rehabilitation efforts will be integrated
into the ongoing CWS development programs. A number of CWS ongoing
development activities, such as support for rice banks, cow banks, health
education, training on food production, well construction, and small
infrastructure development are appropriate and efficient mechanisms for
delivery of rehabilitation assistance which will help secure immediate
food security to avoid food shortages and malnutrition later on during
2001.

This revision is being issued for the sake of transparency as sufficient
funds have been received to cover additional activities and no additional
funding is required at present.


Project Completion Date:  6 March 2001 - 31 December 2001.


Summary of Appeal Targets, Pledges/Contributions Received and Balance
Requested

                                         US$
Total Appeal Target(s)                94,384
Less: Pledges/Contr. Recd.            94,390
Balance Requested from ACT Network       + 6


Thor-Arne Prois			
ACT Coordinator			
						


REQUESTING ACT MEMBER INFORMATION

Church World Service (CWS Cambodia)



IMPLEMENTING ACT MEMBER & PARTNER INFORMATION

CWS began its work in Cambodia in 1979, just after the expulsion of the
Khmer Rouge from Phnom Phenh by Vietnamese troops, providing seeds,
medicine and agricultural tools. Rehabilitation programs followed this and
CWS provided technical assistance and materials aid in the agricultural
sector (agronomy, hydrology, and veterinary).  In 1992, the Paris Peace
Agreement was signed, which paved the way for the UN peacekeeping mission.  
At that time CWS began to extend its program into more development and
community based activities.  As of now, CWS operates an integrated
community development project in five provinces and is refocusing its work
towards local institution development, especially the support of Cambodian
NGOs and CBOs.
 
The Emergency Response Project (ERP) of CWS also began in 1992.  The
project has provided funds and material for relief and rehabilitation, as
well as support to vulnerable people nation-wide including people in
prison and victims of domestic violence.  In addition to working through
four project locations, CWS/ERP has worked in co-ordination with other
groups, like the Cambodian Red Cross, Christian churches and Cambodian
non-government organisations (CNGOs).

Church World Service is a member of ACT.  CWS Cambodia also joined the
1996 joint ACT appeal for the floods of 1996.

This additional proposal for flood rehabilitation is, unlike before, not
submitted as part of the Ecumenical Working Group. Other agencies of this
working group have indicated that they currently are able to meet the
needs in their target areas without assistance through ACT.



DESCRIPTION of the EMERGENCY SITUATION

Since July last year, twice the usual rainfall hit the Southeast Asia
countries of Thailand, Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia resulting in extensive
flooding of the entire Mekong watershed area.  Floods - some 45 days
earlier than the usual end of August seasonal flooding period and coupled
with continuous rainfalls in the Southeast region over two-and-half months
resulted in a disaster situation. The continued increase of water levels
between July and September prolonged the flooding and slowed the drainage
process. It was difficult to determine the time required for the recession
of the water, with many weeks remaining before the traditional flooding
season ends. However it turned out that the floods proved to be the most
devastating for the past 40 years. In addition to the areas initially
reported, floods affected other provinces as well, bringing the total to
21 out of 22 provinces. By November, an estimated 90% of the victims had
returned to their houses.

Due to the high water levels, it was difficult to assess the scope and
extent of the damage caused by the floods. In the CWS target areas,
specifically Svay Rieng and Kandal provinces, the magnitude of the
disaster was enormous. Especially in Svay Rieng (which was cut off from
other parts of the country due to the flood) the government requested CWS
to assist with relief activities, even in areas outside CWS target areas.
Capacities and supplies of government, Red Cross and WFP were limited
because initially nobody expected such a major flood in this province.
Usually this province suffers from drought rather than flooding.  In other
provinces such as Battambang and Kompong Thom it turned out that the crop
and infrastructure damage was less than expected. Also, government
channeled assistance was more timely and available in these provinces.


Current Situation

The Cambodia floods, which started in July, are now well past the Crisis
Phase and have initiated the rehabilitation phase.  CWS carried out a
further rehabilitation assessment in project areas in November and
December.  As the initial appeal proposal was based on incomplete rapid
assessments and many assumptions, it was inevitable that some of the
relief activities were over- or under budgeted. In all target areas it is
evident that the poorest segments of the communities have suffered most
damage (loss of houses, assets and crops) as their homesteads are located
in less favorable areas.  Moreover, these vulnerable groups have less
coping strategies and capacities to deal with the consequences of
disaster. Based on this assessment, and the fact that the ACT appeal was
only partially funded, CWS decided to target its support only to the most
vulnerable victims in the communities. Surveys and community consultations
were carried out to determine who should receive priority for
rehabilitation activities.  This means that a lot of needy people did not
get help.

The need for rehabilitation assistance in CWS areas has led to this
additional proposal.  Increasingly rehabilitation efforts will be
integrated into the ongoing development programs of CWS. A number of CWS
ongoing development activities, such as support for rice banks, cow banks,
health education, training on food production, well construction, and
small infrastructure development are appropriate and efficient mechanisms
for delivery of rehabilitation assistance.

All relief work implemented directly by CWS has so far been done in close
coordination with the Provincial Disaster Management Committees, who are
usually chaired by the Deputy Provincial Governors and include other
government representatives, NGOs and international agencies. In practice,
this often meant that CRC and government staff joined the CWS
distributions.

The amounts pledged by international donors (such as IFRC, UN agencies,
World Bank and ADB) seem more than sufficient to restore damaged major
infrastructure. However, there are many small-scale rehabilitation
activities that will not be covered by these loans and grants.
Furthermore, because it takes one year or longer to repair/replace
physical infrastructure, the damage will continue to impede production and
marketing throughout 2001 according to the Cambodian Development Resource
Institute (CDRI)1 Cambodia Development Review, Vol5, #1, 2001

1. 


For the 400,000 households that have lost their main crop from the flood
this is again, of course, a setback.  Activities that will secure
immediate livelihoods are required at this moment to avoid food shortages
and malnutrition later on during 2001. The expected outcomes of this
flood, says CDRI, can be summarized as follows: erosion of savings,
deterioration of capital, entrapment in the debt cycle, poorer health for
both people and animals and rising poverty.  Other social impacts such as
crime, increased distress sales (example of land or draught animals),
increased rural-urban migration, decreased school enrollment and food
shortages are also expected.

Locations for Proposed Response

Province
District Affected
Organisations other than CWS

Kandal
Kien Svay
Lvei Em
WFP, Cambodian Red Cross (CRC), Provincial Disaster Management Committee
(PDMC), Social Fund of Kingdom of Cambodia (SFKC), World Vision

Svay Rieng
Kompong Ro
Romdool
Romeas Hek
WFP, CRC, PDMC, SFKC, ADB

Battambang
Ek Phnom
Thmor Kol
LWS, WFP, CRC, PDMC. CWS only works through CNGO partners in this province

Banteay Meanchey
Mongkol Borey
O'Chrov
WFP, CRC, PDMC. CWS only works through CNGO partners in this province.

Kompong Thom
Kompong Svay
Prasat Balang
WFP, CRC, PDMC, GTZ, Unicef, World Vision




GOAL & OBJECTIVES

Goal 

To provide appropriate flood rehabilitation assistance to the most needy
segments of the population within CWS project areas.


Objectives 

To empower the poor and vulnerable to secure sustainable and sufficient
food supplies.

To assist in the improvement of community health.

To assist in capacity building to enable the communities to respond to any
future floods/ disasters in a more effective manner.



Capacity Building Objectives

To assist in the training of partner organisations (especially Community
Based Organisations and Cambodian NGOs) to carry out flood rehabilitation
activities and improve organisation management.



TARGETED BENEFICIARIES

In this post-flood phase CWS will target the following beneficiaries:

Long term food shortage victims who did not get help during crisis phase
(households that have seen their crops destroyed and have had limited or
no opportunity to replant crops or to earn money to buy food; and those
displaced from their homes by the flood).

Vulnerable people who got help during crisis phase but need additional
help (households in the target area that have limited coping strategies at
their disposal to survive - and who have therefore incurred more damage
from the floods. These include: unaccompanied elderly, chronically ill,
disabled, and landless).


Selection of beneficiaries takes place through established service
delivery mechanisms such as the elected Village Development Committees,
designated CWS field staff and co-operation with organisations like WFP,
CRC, Department of Agriculture (including Dept. of Animal Health),
Department of Rural Development, local NGOs, and pagoda-based local
organisations. Decisions about beneficiary selection are informed by
project data, such as household surveys, regular PRA exercises, and
special interest surveys (examples: vulnerable people survey, landlessness
studies).

The number of targeted beneficiaries is about 20,300.


CWS area
families
people
proposed assistance

Kandal
- 120
- 50
- 34
- 978


- 37
- 37
- 50
- 20
- 280
n/a
- 540
- 225
- 153
- 4,400


- 167
- 167
- 225
- 90
- 1260
n/a
- well construction (15)
- latrine construction  (50)
- water filter (34)
- health & sanitation training through 36 Health Volunteers and 55
  Traditional Birth Attendants, IEC materials
- pig breeding for vulnerable people
- small businesses for vulnerable people
- school demonstration garden (4)
- land clearance
- 14 Self Help Groups
- small water gate design

Svay Rieng
- 144
- 15
- 200
- 667


- 244
- 70
- 16
- 400
n/a
- 646
- 68
- 900
- 3000


- 1100
- 315
- 72
- 1800
n/a
- training on vegetable, rice, fish production
- cow banks
- tree planting through monk association
- health & sanitation training through 26 Health Volunteers and 26
  Traditional Birth Attendants, IEC materials
- training on disaster preparedness/response
- rice bank through monk association
- latrine construction (16)
- 20 Self Help Groups
- culvert design

Battambang / Banteay Meanchey
n/a

n/a
n/a

n/a

- small grant fund for Cambodian NGOs for rehabilitation activities (up to
  $500)
- two larger grants to Cambodian NGOs for rehabilitation activities (up to
  $3000)

* CWS does not implement direct field activities in these provinces, but
has capacity building schemes for Cambodian NGOs only. Their proposals
will be received and reviewed.


Kompong Thom
- 128

- 57

- 280
- 50
- 178
- 25
- 378


- 53

n/a
- 575

- 257

- 1260
- 225
- 800
- 113
- 1700


- 239

n/a 
- training to farmers on vegetable, rice, animal health, composting
- rice seed multiplication scheme, vegetable seeds through demo-farmers
- well construction (35)
- latrine construction (50)
- water storage at schools
- cow bank 
- health & sanitation training through 37 Health Volunteers and 84
  Traditional Birth Attendants, IEC materials
- training on disaster preparedness/response to VDC members, small grant
  fund for disasters
- culvert and small watergate design

Total
4,511
20,300



  * Some families/people may participate in more than one activity.
 ** The government average for family size is used in above calculations:
4.5 members per family.
*** The number of beneficiaries of culvert and watergates is difficult to
quantify, but can go up to the whole village or commune.



PROPOSED ASSISTANCE & IMPLEMENTATION

As Section V. shows the type of activities proposed for this post-crisis
are focusing on restoration of livelihood capacities in food security,
basic health and sanitation, community infrastructure and disaster
preparedness and response. The long standing experience of CWS in
integrated community development has resulted in sound knowledge and
analysis of livelihood options in rural Cambodia, and in effective
networks in support facilities to deliver the proposed services. Therefore
CWS has been in a good position to develop strategies and activities that
mitigate part of the damage done to peoples livelihood by the floods.

The following brief description of implementation can be read together
with the budget section.


Water & Sanitation

Well construction takes place with participation from beneficiaries
(average 8 families per well), which includes contribution of labour and
provision of sand and gravel. Well User Committees receive training and
follow-up in well management. Prices differ due to varying hydrological
conditions per province. Latrines are constructed for priority families,
selected by VDCs. Here also a community contribution is negotiated.


Health & Medical inputs

CWS project staff provide training to Village Health Volunteers (VHV) and
Traditional Birth Attendants (TBA) based on an adapted Unicef curriculum
in co-operation with the government district health centre. VHVs have been
selected by the community, while TBAs are traditionally respected
practitioners. Both are opinion leaders on health matters in their
communities. VHVs provide echo-training sessions to villagers and act as
resource persons on PHC. TBAs are being given special kits, which contain
good quality materials needed to perform home deliveries. Both TBAs and
VHVs receive IEC materials from CWS to extend health messages.


Food Security & Agriculture

A variety of training courses on food security topics are provided to
selected villagers ('change agents') who in turn provide echo-training to
villages. CWS staff and government counterparts give these trainings.

Special surveys on vulnerability conducted by CWS in 2000 have indicated
that the floods have been most damaging for those at the bottom of most
poverty scales. Therefore special activities have been designed for these
vulnerable people (per village less than 10 families qualify for this
status). These include cow banks, rice banks, small income generating
schemes such as chicken raising, pig breeding and land clearance. The
exact nature of the income generating schemes will depend on the
preferences and capacities of the beneficiaries themselves. Since these
people do not have the labour resources to clear pieces of land from
bushes and shrubs CWS proposes to assist with land clearance in Kandal.
Cow banks are adapted from a traditional Khmer practice, whereby cows are
provided to selected vulnerable families and the first calf goes to the
VDC for distribution to a next beneficiary, the second can be kept by the
family and so on. Rice banks are meant to assist with rice seed in the
sowing season, which will be paid back at harvest time and will continue
to run cycles. Management of rice banks is either done by VDCs or by
pagoda committees/monks.

Monk associations also play an active role in mobilising communities to
plant trees and restore the forests in Svay Rieng. Shortage of firewood
and other forest products has become a problem in this area. CWS also
encourages farmers to grow new vegetables and rice varieties. Since the
demand for these seeds is increasing, seed multiplication schemes are
being conducted in Kompong Thom.

CWS is supporting Self Help Groups (SHGs), which are self-selected groups
of about 20 families who save money monthly and make loans to their
members. Working capital assistance is money that CWS adds to the capital
of the group. This extra capital enables the SHGs to provide more credit
to poor people than would be possible if they relied entirely on their own
savings. The SHGs are independent from CWS and organised by consensus
among the members who receive the loans. They also make their own
conditions for repayment of the loans to the group. All interest earned
stays in the group. CWS does not operate or earn from this credit system,
it only helps groups to organise themselves. Of the loans, the majority
(45 - 64 %) are used for investment in agricultural or animal production.
The amount of loans taken for emergency purposes increased between 1999
and 2000 from 4% to 8%, due to the floods. This shows the relevance of
this activity to rehabilitation.

The activities that CWS Battambang/Banteay Meanchey will support will
largely depend on the needs identified by Cambodian NGO partners. Most
likely the activities will be of similar nature as those in other CWS
project areas.



Community Infrastructure

In Svay Rieng and Kompong Thom increase of agricultural productivity
depends on availability of water for crops. Restoration of destroyed
culverts and new culverts are instrumental in water management and also
improve the quality of rural roads.

CWS assists rural committees to access funds from the Social Fund of the
Kingdom of Cambodia (SFKC), that specialises in construction of small
infrastructure. The contribution that CWS makes is to hire engineers and
designers to make assessments and drawings for culverts and small
watergates.  The SFKC will then hire contractors to provide this
infrastructure to the requesting villages.



Educational inputs

VDC members act as disaster coordinators on the village level and train
other villagers in disaster preparedness and response. CWS staff provide
training to VDC members and Cambodian Red Cross volunteers.




ADMINISTRATION, FINANCE, MONITORING & REPORTING

CWS is an established NGO in Cambodia with a head office in Phnom Penh and
provincial offices in Svay Rieng, Kandal, Kompong Thom and
Battambang/Banteay Meanchey provinces. There is a Program Support Office
in Phnom Penh that provides co-ordination, capacity building and technical
assistance through its advisors on sectoral issues such as food security,
health, local institution development, credit, emergency response and
preparedness. CWS will use its support systems to ensure the smooth
operation of the rehabilitation work.

CWS Cambodia will manage the disbursal and control of the ACT appeal
funds. All ACT fund management and reporting guidelines will be followed.

Monitoring will be carried out by CWS Program Support Office and project
managers in all respective target areas. Strict guidelines for project
implementation and grants management are applied to rehabilitation
activities carried out by Cambodian NGO partners.



IMPLEMENTATION TIMETABLE
 
This proposal is for additional rehabilitation activities for the Cambodia
flood appeal. Additional funds are still needed as the current
contributions to the appeal have almost fully been used.

For the activities outlined in this proposal CWS proposes a deadline of 31
December 2001. This will assist CWS in completing training activities that
extend beyond the wet season (July - November). For some of the courses
and follow-up of agricultural training it is essential that farmers be
supported throughout one cropping season.



COORDINATION

Information sharing and co-ordination (where needed) will continue to take
place in the Ecumenical Working Group. We of course will continue our
policy of requiring full community participation in all activities so as
to ensure local ownership, capacity building, empowerment and
sustainability.

So far the initial crisis assistance phase of the ACT appeal has gone
without major problems. Where possible, CWS have worked closely with local
people (village volunteers, government staff, CRC and WFP staff as well as
other NGO staff) to be able to deliver the services that were needed. For
the post-crisis activities that are proposed this co-operation will
continue.  In addition, co-operation will be sought with the Social Fund
for the Kingdom of Cambodia (operates on a World Bank loan), ADB and WFP
for larger infrastructure and food-for-repair activities.



BUDGET

Description	Type of	No of	Unit Cost	Budget
	Unit	Units	US$	US$
POST CRISIS PHASE				
Water and sanitation				
KDL well construction	Well	15	175	2,625
KDL latrine construction	Latrine	50	24	1,200
KDL water filters	Filter	34	25	850
KPT well construction	Well	35	130	4,550
KPT latrine construction	Ltrine	30	20	600
KPT water storage at schools	Tank	4	100	400
SVR latrine construction	Latrine	16	30	480
Sub Total				10,705
				
 Description	Type of	No of	Unit Cost	Budget
	Unit	Units	US$	US$
Health & Medical inputs				
KDL health training for/by 
TBA & health volunteers	Session	91	17.3	1,578 
SVR health training for/by TBA & health vol.	Session	52	57	2,976
SVR health posters/leaflets/materials	Lumpsum			1,245
SVR TBA kits	Kit	26	20	520
KPT health training for/by TBA	Session	84	22	1,855
KPT health training for/by health vol.	Session	37	72	2,672
KPT health educ materials (billboards & posters)	Lumpsum			1,200
Sub Total				12,046
				
Food Security and Agricultural Inputs				
KDL pig breeding 37 families	Family	37	100	3,700
KDL school gardens	Garden	4	100	400
KDL land clearance for vulnerable families	Plot	20	100	2,000
KDL self-help group - capital assistance	Group	14	500	7,000
KDL small income generating schemes (agric)	Family	37	100	3,700
SVR IPM training	Training	2	400	800
SVR training on vegetable, rice, fish cultivation	Lumpsum			450
SVR demonstration farmer support	Session	10	50	500
SVR cow bank	cows	15	155	2,325
SVR tree planting (monk association)	Pagoda	2	250	500
SVR rice bank (monk association)	Rice bank	2upp	280	560
SVR self-help group working capital assistance	Group	20	500	10,000
KPT IPM training	Training	2	600	1,200
KPT compost making course	Training	2	450	900
KPT vegetable production training	Training	2	300	600
KPT high yield rice & vegetable experimentation	Demonstration	57	46	2,622
KPT animal health training for self-help group	Training	20	30	600
KPT cattle vaccination campaign support	Cow	6000	0.06	360
KPT cow bank for vulnerable people	Cow	25	150	3,750
KPT grants for disaster victim families	Lumpsum			600
BTB small grants to Cambodian NGOs for rehab	Grant	6	400	2,400
BTB small grants to Cambodian NGOs for rehab	Grant	2	4000	8,000
Sub Total				52,967
				
Community Infrastructure Inputs				
KPT/SVR small irrigation works (culverts)	System	16	250	4,000
SVR small infrastructure design	Lumpsum			250
KPT small infrastructure design	Lumpsum			250
KDL small infrastructure design	Lumpsum			300
Sub Total				4,800
				
Educational Inputs				
SVR training on emergency response preparedness	Session	96	8	768
SVR billboards on ERP	Billboard	5	50	250
KPT training on ERP	Session	68	8	544
Sub total				1,562
				
TOTAL POST CRISIS PHASE				82,080
				
 Description	Type of	No of	Unit Cost	Budget
	Unit	Units	US$	US$
PERSONNEL, ADMINISTRATION, OPERATIONS & SUPPORT COSTS		
Staff Salaries & Benefits				
Country representative (6.4% of monthly salary)	Month	10	2,500.00	1,600
Programme co-ordinator (5.6% of monthly salary)	Month	10	2,500.00	1,400
National staff - coord & distrib - 12 persons				
        (12.7% of monthly salary)	Month	10	420.00	6,401
Office Operation (6.4% of monthly costs)				
Rent	Month	10	1,800.00	1,152
Electricity	Month	10	540.00	346
Telephone	Month	10	500.00	320
Office supplies	Month	10	800.00	512
Vehicle Operation				
Fuel - 50 days at 20 litres per day	Litre	1,000	0.57	574
TOTAL PERSONNEL, ADMIN, OPS & OTHER SUPPORT COSTS		12,304
				
TOTAL ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE				94,384


KDL = Kandal province		
SVR = Svay Rieng province				
KPT = Kompong Thom province				
BTB = Battambang/Banteay Meanchey provinces				


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Action by Churches Together (ACT) is a worldwide alliance of churches and
their related agencies, meeting human need through co-ordinated emergency
response.  The ACT Coordinating Office is based with the World Council of 
Churches (WCC) and the Lutheran World Federation (LWF) in Switzerland.
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   Ecumenical Centre                          Phone: ++41-22-791.60.33
   150, route de Ferney                         Fax: ++41-22-791.65.06
   P.O. Box 2100                             E-Mail: act@wcc-coe.org
   1211 Geneva 2                              Telex: 415 730 OIK CH
   Switzerland                                 http://www.act-intl.org


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