India: Drought - ACT: 14-Oct-02
Action by Churches Together (ACT)
Appeal - India
Assistance to Drought Victims ASIN-24
Appeal Target: US$ 4,957,856
Balance Requested from ACT Network: US$ 4,860,296
Geneva, 14 October 2002
While two states, Assam and Bihar, are still recovering from severe
flooding, the country is now also experiencing a severe drought situation
and of India's 593 districts, 321 in 12 states have seen little or no
rainfall during this monsoon season. The deficiency in rainfall is close
to the 100-years' record figure - 48 percent in the month of July in 2002.
The states worst hit by scanty and deficient rainfall have officially been
declared drought-affected. These states are Uttar Pradesh, Himachal
Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Orissa, Gujarat, Haryana, Rajasthan,
Karnataka, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh and parts of Tamil Nadu.
The ACT members, Church's Auxiliary for Social Action (CASA), Lutheran
World Service India (LWS-I) and the United Evangelical Lutheran Churches
in India (UELCI) wish to respond to this emergency situation in their
respective working areas. After consultations amongst the three partners
taking into consideration each member's operational areas CASA prepared a
proposal for Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh,
Karnataka and Tamil Nadu; LWS India for Orissa and UELCI for one district
within Orissa.
The appeal proposals comprise the following components:
Food for Work
Water & Sanitation
Water Harvesting & Irrigation
Health & Hygiene
Agricultural Inputs - seeds, fodder, manure, etc
Capacity Building - workshops, Sphere
Project Completion Date:
CASA - 31 July 2003
LWS-I - 28 February 2003
UELCI - 30 September 2003
Summary of Appeal Targets, Pledges/Contributions Received and Balance
Requested
Total Less: Pledges/ Balance Requested
Appeal Target/s Contr. Recd from ACT Network
CASA 2,763,043 0 2,763,043
LWS-I 1,415,552 0 1,415,552
UELCI 779,261 97,560 681,701
Total US$ 4,957,856 97,560 4,860,296
Ms. Geneviève Jacques Thor-Arne Prois Robert Granke
Director Director, ACT Director
WCC/Cluster on Relations LWF/World Service
GENERAL BACKGROUND DESCRIPTION
Background
While two States, Assam and Bihar, are still recovering from severe
flooding, the country is now also experiencing a severe drought situation
and of India's 593 districts, 321 in 12 states have seen little or no
rainfall during this monsoon season. The experts are already calling it
the worst monsoon in recent memory. The south-west Indian monsoon which
runs from June to September, was 19 % below normal, resulting in
drought-like conditions in 29 % of the country. The deficiency in
rainfall is close to the 100-years' record figure - 48 percent in the
month of July in 2002. The states worst hit by scanty and deficient
rainfall have officially been declared drought-affected. These states are
Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Orissa,
Gujarat, Haryana, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh and
parts of Tamil Nadu.
Monitoring of rainfall takes place in 524 districts and according to the
Indian Meteorological Department report for July, this year 355 districts
(68%) have received deficient or scanty rainfall. The country's 70 major
water reservoirs were holding only 48% the normal water quantities, and 17
key reservoirs held only 18% of their full capacity.
Due to shortage of rainfall the under-ground water level has receded
drastically and open wells as well as bore-wells in many states have gone
dry. This has been exacerbated by over exploitation of ground water
through tube wells, bore wells for agriculture and industrial use.
Current situation
The failure of the monsoon is the most widespread and the magnitude worse
than in 1987. Some of the states have recorded 80-90 per cent deficient
rainfall while Rajasthan had zero rainfall during July. Orissa recorded
the lowest rainfall of 140.14 mm which is 60 percent less than the average
rainfall of 351 mm in July. This is the lowest rainfall in the state
recorded during the last 40 years. Consequently, nearly two-thirds of the
monsoon crop of paddy, coarse grains like bajra, soya, maize, pulses, and
vegetables is at risk. The drop in output could be upwards of 10 million
tons and nearly 150 million casual agriculture labourers face severe food
shortages, which will lead to malnutrition because there is no work for
them to earn their daily income.
People are experiencing severe disruption to their normal lifestyles and
to their environment and migration, over and above the normal seasonal
migration, have started taking place.
The ACT members, CASA, LWS India and UELCI, wish to respond to this
emergency situation in their respective working areas. After consultations
amongst the three partners CASA prepared a proposal for Uttar Pradesh,
Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu; LWS
India for Orissa and UELCI for one district within Orissa.
Orissa
After the Super Cyclone in 1999, severe drought in 2000 and unprecedented
Floods in 2001; Orissa State is experiencing another severe drought this
year. Long monsoon breaks, continuous dry spells and sporadic rainfall has
badly affected the Kharif (autumn and winter) crops. All the 30 districts
of the state have been affected damaging around 70% of crops and affecting
nearly 35 million people. The Government of Orissa has already declared
283 Blocks out of total 314 Blocks as drought-hit.
The government estimates the crop loss due to deficient rainfall at USD
360 million. Altogether about 60% of the total crop areas could not be
covered during the current year and according to the state Agriculture
Department, nearly 70 per cent of the paddy crop has been damaged. Other
crops such as pulses, groundnut, cotton, oilseeds, vegetables are also
seriously affected in these districts as the monsoon continued to play
truant in the current year.
The monsoons failed in the month of July which is the most critical month
for agriculture operations in India. During the second half of August
there were some rains but it was too late and too little to save the
crops. However, these rains have somewhat eased the drinking water and
fodder crises.
Impact on Human Lives
More than 66 % of the total rural families (6,784,130) in the state live
below the poverty line. This includes ~ 1,417,500 marginal farmers and
1,689,750 landless agriculture workers living in the rural areas.
Failure of monsoon and consequent failure of crops and loss of employment
opportunities has severely strained the coping mechanisms of these rural
population groups. These groups do not have access to work and therefore
face severe food insecurity. Labour contractors representing business
interests in other states and regions have begun to make a beeline to the
distressed villages offering advance payment in return for work at below
the normal wages. This will bind the people in a vicious cycle of debt
apart from other forms of exploitation, particularly of the women and the
female children. Large-scale migration to other states has begun,
disrupting social and economic life of the communities. According to local
press releases about 8 - 10% of the total population from the drought hit
districts have left for neighbouring districts or other states to earn
their livelihood. Distress sale of cattle, other small animals and poultry
are being reported from all the districts particularly from Kalahandi,
Nuapada, Bolangir and Suabarnapur. Depletion of all capital and reserves
as well as liquidation of assets for survival now points towards the
beginning of yet another debt trap- they will have to borrow to invest in
the fields in the coming cropping season also.
Officially no deaths have been reported but there are unconfirmed reports
of starvation cases in this region.
Description of Damages
In Orissa, about 5.8 million hectares of land are cultivated during the
monsoon season. Of this rice is cultivated on 4.2 million hectares of
land. It is estimated by the Government of Orissa that rice crops on 2.85
million hectares of land will be or has been damaged totally due to the
drought. Significantly, no cultivation was taken up on close to one
million hectares of land.
Ponds, tanks, dams and reservoirs have dried up resulting in an acute
crisis for irrigation water. The drought due to monsoon failure has
depleted underground water level in several districts in western Orissa.
Water levels have fallen by over 10 feet following heavy withdrawal by
farmers for irrigation purposes. It has also led to drinking water
scarcity in some areas.
- - - - - - - -
REQUESTING ACT MEMBER INFORMATION
The Lutheran World Federation/Department for World Service- India
Programme (ACT/LWS India)
IMPLEMENTING ACT MEMBER & PARTNER INFORMATION
The Lutheran World Federation /Department for World Service- India
Programme (ACT/LWS-India) is a relief and development organisation,
established with the mandate to alleviate the suffering of distressed
groups irrespective of caste, religion, gender or political affiliation.
ACT/LWS India has been implementing Integrated Development and Disaster
Response projects since 1974 in several States of India. LWS India program
continues to receive strong support and co-operation from the respective
State Governments and International donors. LWS India is a nominated
member of the State level High Powered Committee on Disaster Management.
LWF, being one of the sponsor organisations of the 'Code of Conduct' for
The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and Non-Governmental
Organisations (NGOs) in Disaster Relief', LWS India designs its disaster
response intervention accordingly. LWSI also follows, to the extent
possible within the local context, the SPHERE standards in disaster
assistance.
DESCRIPTION OF THE EMERGENCY SITUATION
Presently, LWS India implements Integrated Rural Development projects in
the districts of Bolangir, Nuapada, Subarnapur and Kalahandi of western
Orissa. These districts are chronically drought prone. The topography is
undulating, soil is degraded with very little organic matter and
therefore, with poor capacity to retain moisture. More importantly, the
area is largely mono-cropped and agriculture is entirely rain-fed. Very
few farmers have access to sources of irrigation such as wells and tanks.
Even these have dried up due to poor rainfall. Paddy seedlings in 90 % of
the seed-beds have withered away. Farmers were mostly unable to transplant
the seedlings, where they survived, due to lack of rains. In the case of
broadcast paddy, inter-cropping operations could not be carried out for
want of water.
As a result, the land-poor and the subsistence farmers who depend on
agriculture for survival are looking into a bleak, food insecure,
immediate future. Supplementary income through wage labour is also now
denied to them because of the failure of agriculture across the region.
Another rural economic group also deprived of all employment opportunities
is the landless agricultural workers who depend entirely on agriculture
wage labour for sustenance.
A similar situation exists in Puri, Bhadrak, Jagatsinghpur, Ganjam and
Jarsuguda districts of coastal Orissa. In the first three districts ACT/
LWSI is implementing Disaster Preparedness Projects and in Ganjam the
LWS-I intervention was concluded just recently. In a normal situation,
these districts receive about 65% - 75% of total rainfall during the
period from January to July in every year. But during the same period in
the current year the districts have received only 27% of average annual
rainfall.
Unemployment and food insecurity threatens large population groups and
ACT/LWSI proposes to intervene with employment generation programs which
will in the short term guarantee employment and food while building assets
which can, in the long term, contribute to reducing the impact of future
droughts.
This intervention is particularly important in these areas where ACT/LWSI
is implementing development and disaster response projects among
marginalized communities. Development intervention has, to a considerable
extent, curbed the customary exodus following a crop failure in the past.
Promotion of self-help groups, village and group funds and grain banks had
helped to meet their immediate needs during the lean periods. Occasional
employment and collection and sale of minor forest produce supplemented
the income and migration, particularly whole family migration was curbed.
But this year, the drought and repeated borrowing from group capital and
grain banks to replant the damaged crops have depleted these assets. Large
scale migration to other states and areas is the only option open to the
people and the absence of a large number of people from the communities
for a prolonged period will have serious negative consequences for the
community development work taking place.
Location of proposed response
While several states are affected by severe drought, ACT/LWS India
proposes implementing activities in nine districts of Orissa.
The districts of Kalahandi, Bolangir, Nuapada and Subarnapur in the
western part of Orissa will be one of the areas of operation. In these
districts ACT/LWSI is implementing rural development projects and
therefore has access to several hundred communities and a very large
network of community based organisations and groups. Moreover, these are
among the most severely affected districts and the impact of the drought
will have serious consequences for the communities belonging to scheduled
castes and tribes.
Among the other seriously affected areas of Orissa LWS-I has selected the
coastal districts of Puri, Jagatsinghpur, Bhadrak, Ganjam and Jharsugada.
In the first two districts ACT/LWSI is at present implementing Disaster
Response Projects and therefore has several teams present in the area and
has links in a large number of communities through the Community Based
Disaster Mitigation Teams promoted by the project. In Bhadrak and Ganjam,
ACT/LWSI recently concluded their intervention but will be able to quickly
activate the network of community organisations and groups which would be
partners. In Jharsuguda, there is currently no network or LWSI presence
but it has been selected for operation on the recommendation of CASA.
Since ACT/LWSI is familiar with the state and enjoys the support and
goodwill of the state administration, an implementation structure can be
quickly established to implement activities.
Key Problems and Issues
Key issues and problems that the project plans to address can be
summarised in three points:
Loss of employment opportunities and consequent food insecurity (hunger)
Whole family migration, liquidation of assets for survival, borrowing and
indebtedness
Scarcity of irrigation water, moisture stress and crop loss
Lack of employment opportunities, depletion of food and cash reserves and
rising rural indebtedness is reported from the region. Media reports show
that 8 -10 % of population from the region have migrated to neighbouring
districts or other states in search of livelihood. Under this situation,
emphasis will be given to creation of employment opportunities that will
increase food security and reduce the migration. If employment is assured,
migration, distress sale of assets, borrowing and indebtedness will be
controlled.
Acute water scarcity and moisture stress has led to near total crop loss.
Paddy seeds sown and transplanted on millions of hectares have been
destroyed. Tanks, ponds and water reservoirs have dried up. Community
employment generation programmes will help to re-excavate and deepen the
tanks and ponds and also create new water harvesting structures that will
reduce the impact of future droughts. Although food is offered by the
Government at subsidised prices, the poor lack purchasing power and are
unable to access the food. Employment will help to improve purchasing
power.
GOAL & OBJECTIVES
The goal of the project is to alleviate the impact of the drought on the
marginalised rural population in the affected districts. The project will
also contribute to creating assets such as water harvesting structures
which will reduce the impact of future droughts on these groups.
Objectives
To provide gainful employment opportunities for the affected communities
with a view to minimising hunger, distress sale of assets and to reduce
mass migration of people from the affected areas
To create/improve community and group assets for water harvesting
To promote household and community based disaster preparedness
TARGETED BENEFICIARIES
ACT/LWS India relief assistance will benefit families from socially and
economically marginalised groups such as landless agriculture workers and
marginal farmers belonging mostly to scheduled castes and tribes. Those
families with income below the poverty line and female headed households
will get priority. These peoples are among the groups most distressed and
vulnerable due to the drought.
ACT/LWSI proposes creating 1,200,000 person days of employment.
Approximately one person per family from 12,000 families will receive
around 100 days of employment over the most crucial period of 5 months, ie
until harvesting of winter crops begins in January - February next year.
In terms of population, the project will benefit approximately 66,000
persons.
Criteria for Beneficiary Selection
In the four districts of West Orissa, namely Kalahandi, Nuapada, Bolangir
and Sonepur ACT/LWSI implements programs in villages with a high
concentration of socially and economically marginalised population groups
such as the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. Those involved in the
ongoing programs are almost exclusively from the same social and economic
backgrounds.
ACT/LWSI implements all ongoing activities through representative groups
and organisations of these population groups. These include Village
Development Committees, self help groups and women's organisations. Since
the members of these groups share the same socio-economic and ethnic
backgrounds, the choice of beneficiaries will be carried out by these
organisations in communities where there is only one representative
organisation or group and through mutual consultation where there are more
than one. Since there is already a system in place in these communities
and since ACT/LWSI personnel are thoroughly familiar with the communities
and possess data on individual families, cross checking the antecedents of
the beneficiaries will not pose problems.
In the coastal districts where ACT/LWSI is implementing or has finished
implementing Disaster Response Projects, the people involved are from more
diverse economic and ethnic backgrounds. But the target group for this
programme will be the landless agricultural worker families, the marginal
farmers and female headed households. In these areas ACT/LWSI will use the
services of Community Based Disaster Mitigation Teams and other Community
Based Organisations and leaders to identify those in need of assistance on
a priority basis. The data provided by these organisations and leaders
will be further verified with data collected by ACT/LWSI from local
government administrative machinery and the net work of local NGOs. Where
necessary, ACT/LWSI personnel will carry out surveys to identify and
verify the economic and social profiles of the proposed beneficiaries.
In Jharsuguda district where ACT/LWSI has no access to existing networks,
the data provided by the government agencies and Panchayats will be used
to identify the worst affected communities and households. Community
leaders will be consulted and surveys conducted to identify the actual
beneficiaries who will be landless agricultural worker families, the
marginal farmers and female headed households.
Number of Targeted Beneficiaries according to Proposed Assistance
Food for community development work will generate approximately 1,200,000
person days of employment. The work will involve ~ 12,000 families or
benefit approximately 66,000 population.
PROPOSED ASSISTANCE & IMPLEMENTATION
Food for Work
Food for community development work will be taken up in drought affected
communities of these nine districts to develop or improve water harvesting
structures and land development activities. Excavation of water harvesting
structures and other sources such as percolation tanks to collect run-off
water will improve the availability of irrigation water and reduce
moisture stress in agriculture fields. Land development activities will
focus on bunding, levelling, terracing and gully control. These measures
will have a positive impact on the environment of the region as these will
arrest topsoil erosion, improve ground water recharge and in general
improve the fertility of the degraded soil.
It is estimated that 1,200,000 person days of employment created will help
to carry out land development work on ~ 9,000 acres of land and excavate
around 2,700 small percolation tanks. However, this is a very rough
estimate and the actual figures will depend on the condition of the land,
the nature of land development work that is required to be carried out as
well as on the availability and suitability of land for excavation of
these percolation tanks.
Each worker will be provided 3kg rice, 200gm pulses, and 100gm cooking oil
per person day. Employment will be provided 5 days a week to one person
from each family. Payment will be made on a weekly basis. Thus each
worker/family will receive 15kg rice, 1kg pulses and 500grm cooking oil
per week. In addition, each worker will also be paid Rs. 10 per person day
or Rs. 50/- per week to meet other essential needs. The value of this
mixture of payments is approximately Rs 50 per day.
The Government has prescribed a minimum wage of Rs. 50/- per day to
prevent exploitation of the drought stricken and the distressed
population. The minimum wage is paid in all employment generation schemes
implemented by the Government agencies. Therefore, some adjustments to the
food ration and cash component will have to be made to ensure that the sum
of the value of the food commodities and the cash component works out to
the mandatory minimum wage of Rs.50/- per day as stipulated. These
adjustments will depend on the actual purchase price of the commodities.
In the part of the areas included in the proposal, ACT/LWS India's rural
development programmes are being implemented. These programmes have
in-built systems for strengthening the capacity of the people and
communities related to disaster preparedness at community level. In the
other areas specific disaster preparedness projects are being implemented,
or have just been finalised. Therefore no specific disaster preparedness
training activities have been included in this proposal.
Implementation Description per Activity
In areas where ACT/LWSI is operational Self-help Groups, Community Based
Organisations and Community Based Disaster Mitigation Teams will be
involved in the process of implementing activities. They will, in
consultation with their members and ACT/LWSI personnel determine the
nature of work to be carried out, identify individual farmers whose land
needs to be developed and choose sites for excavation or re-excavation of
water harvesting structures. They will also be responsible for negotiating
and securing agreements for activities on land that does not belong to the
communities or individuals in the communities. Community leaders and
members of the groups will also be responsible for organising workers into
groups, maintaining and monitoring the attendance as well as to ensure
that the agreed upon minimum output is provided each day.
On a weekly basis, before payment, ACT/LWSI personnel will measure the
quantity of earth excavated and or area of land on which development work
has been carried out. The distribution muster role will be based on
attendance records prepared by the village organisations and these will be
signed by the workers and countersigned by community leaders and ACT/LWSI
personnel. ACT/LWSI will pay the wages- cash and food commodity- on a
weekly basis to groups from a central location. The groups will in return
distribute the materials to individual workers from their communities
according to the quantity of work put in by each member. In areas where
there are no existing networks of community organisations with whom
ACT/LWSI is or has worked, community and group leaders will play
essentially the same role. But in these communities, ACT/LWSI personnel
will play a more direct if necessary daily role in monitoring attendance,
measurement of work and payment of wages.
Procurement Process
Materials required for the program will be procured in accordance with
ACT/LWS India financial norms and procedures.
ADMINISTRATION, FINANCE, MONITORING & REPORTING
ACT/LWS India has more than 26 years of experience in planning,
implementing and monitoring relief, rehabilitation and development
projects. It has well-established internal administration, personnel,
financial and material management as well as reporting systems. The Head
Office in Kolkata which consist of the Director's, Finance as well as the
Disaster Response Unit office, will be responsible for overall
administration of the project.
>From the head office, the Emergency Officer, as Head of the Disaster
Response Unit, will directly oversee this programme. The existing Project
Co-ordination Units of the Rural Development and Disaster Response
Projects of these districts will be responsible for planning,
implementing, and monitoring the progress of the drought relief operations
on a day to day basis.
Monitoring
Overall planning and monitoring of the programme will be done by LWS India
Head Office. Head Office personnel will visit the project sites at regular
intervals to monitor and guide the implementing staff. The personnel
implementing the projects at village level will report on a weekly basis
to the district co-ordination unit. The District Project Co-ordination
Units will submit statistical and narrative reports, including financial
and material use reports to the Head Office on a monthly basis. Reports
will be sent to ACT Geneva Office as per schedule.
Finance
LWS India uses the ACCPAC accounting system. The auditors are
PriceWaterhouse.
IMPLEMENTATION TIMETABLE
A project span of 5 months between October 2002 and February 2003 is
projected. However, LWF-I envisages the major part of the food for work
programme to be completed in 4 months - by January 2003, before the
harvesting of winter crops begin. February has been included to
accommodate activities which may have a delayed beginning and also to
windup the project. Activities will begin as soon as indications of
pledges are received.
CO-ORDINATION
The activities will be implemented in close consultation and co-ordination
with the district administration and the representatives of the local
self-government agencies. ACT/LWS India will also use the network of the
local NGOs to identify the worst affected areas and co-ordinate work to
avoid duplication of efforts.
There has been consultation with the other ACT partners in India - CASA
and UELCI. In recognition of the major presence that ACT/LWSI has in
Orissa it has been mutually agreed that Orissa will not be included as an
operational area by CASA. Similarly, LWSI has not included in its proposal
the one district of Orissa where UELCI is operational. Similar
co-ordination will be established with major NGOs and Government
department to avoid duplication of work in communities.
BUDGET
ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE
Description Type of No of Unit Cost Budget Budget
Unit Units INR INR US$
DIRECT ASSISTANCE
CRISIS PHASE
Rehabilitation - Food for Work
Rice MT 3,600 10,500 37,800,000 804,255
Pulses / vegetables MT 240 25,000 6,000,000 127,660
Oil MT 120 42,000 5,040,000 107,234
Cash assistance (12,000 families
One person from each family) Man day 1,200,000 10 12,000,000 255,319
TOTAL 60,840,000 1,294,468
MATERIAL TRANSPORT, STORAGE, WAREHOUSING & HANDLING
Transport
Transportation by rented trucks Km 25,600 12 307,200 6,536
Insurance of goods in transit Lumpsum 50,000 1,064
Storage and Handling
Rental of 9 warehouses Month 5 18,000 90,000 1,915
Labor fees for loading and offloading Truck load 1,024 250 256,000 5,447
Security guards (9 persons) Month 5 45,000 225,000 4,787
TOTAL 928,200 19,749
CAPITAL EQUIPMENT
Motorcycles Number 10 50,000 500,000 10,638
Description Type of No of Unit Cost Budget Budget
Unit Units INR INR US$
PERSONNEL, ADMINISTRATION, OPERATIONS & SUPPORT
Staff Salaries and Support
Prog co-ordinators (5 persons @25%) Month 5 12,500 62,500 1,330
Civil engineers (2 pesons) Month 5 19,000 95,000 2,021
Accountants (5 persons) (@ 25%) Month 5 9,250 46,250 984
Social workers (30 persons) Month 5 165,000 825,000 17,553
Store keepers (9 @ 50% of salary) Month 5 22,500 112,500 2,394
Drivers (9 @50% of salary) Month 5 29,250 146,250 3,112
Camp attendants (5 persons) Month 5 17,500 87,500 1,862
Staff Travel
Local travel Lumpsum 40,000 851
Regional travel Lumpsum 25,000 532
Per diem Month 5 75,000 375,000 7,979
Accommodation Month 5 37,500 187,500 3,989
Office Operation
Telephone, fax and e-mail for 9 units Month 5 7,200 36,000 766
Photocopies for 9 units Month 5 4,500 22,500 479
Stationery and supplies for 9 units Month 5 6,750 33,750 718
Postage for 9 units Month 5 3,600 18,000 383
Vehicle operation
Fuel & maintenance 30 motorcycles Month 5 60,000 300,000 6,383
Fuel & maintenance 9 light vehicles Month 5 360,000 1,800,000 38,298
TOTAL 4,212,750 89,633
AUDIT AND EVALUATION
Audit fees Lumpsum 25,000 532
Programme evaluation Lumpsum 25,000 532
TOTAL 50,000 1,064
TOTAL ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE 66,530,950 1,415,552
Exchange Rate : USD 1 = INR 47.00 (based on LWF September 2002 internal
rate)
Notes to the budget:
Provision has been made to replace 10 old motor cycles. In addition at
least 20 more motor cycles, used in the development areas, will be used
for the proposed project implementation. Therefore fuel and maintenance
costs are calculated for 30 motor cycles.
Provision for fuel and maintenance for 9 light vehicles is included. These
vehicles are already in the field, used in the existing development
programmes.
The provision included in the budget for per diem and accommodation
expenses is related to travel of the senior monitoring personnel from LWSI
Head Office to the field as well as for field staff's travel to the Head
Office.
REQUESTING ACT MEMBER INFORMATION
United Evangelical Lutheran Churches in India (UELCI)
IMPLEMENTING ACT MEMBER & PARTNER INFORMATION
The United Evangelical Lutheran Churches in India (UELCI), Chennai,
Tamilnadu, is an umbrella organisation of all the 10 Lutheran Churches in
India. Integrated Rural Development of Weaker Sections of India (IRDWSI),
Semiliguda, Koraput District, Orissa is a project of Divisional Social
Action of UELCI. IRDWSI project has been working with other NGOs who are
part of the Network called Orissa Development Action Forum (ODAF).
Description of ACT Member's Implementing Partners
IRDWSI of UELCI will be the project applicant and it will implement the
activities through its network partners of Orissa Development Action Forum
(ODAF). IRDWSI will work with the following partners;
Seva Bharthi (SB)
Council of Professional Social Workers (CPSW)
Peoples Institute for Participatory Action Research (PIPAR)
Antyodaya Chetana Mandal (ACM)
Socio Economic Development Programme (SEDP)
Tagore Society for Rural Development (TSRD) and
Rural Action for Development (RAD) and
Samajika Vikasa Kendram (SVK)
These organisations were part of the earlier Orissa Cyclone Relief and
Rehabilitation Programme (ASIN 95) and Floods Crisis and Post Crisis
Operations (ASIN12 & ASIN 13) supported by ACT Geneva.
DESCRIPTION of the EMERGENCY SITUATION
Background
Adivasis, Dalits and landless agricultural labourers are the people most
affected and they constitute about 70% of the total population of the
State of Orissa.
The situation in Adivasi and hilly areas is reportedly growing from bad to
worse. 80-100% damage to their crops and non-availability of occupation
and employment in agriculture, the people are now forced to migrate to
other states and urban areas in search for employment and food for their
survival. Due to shortage of safe water, epidemics (diarrhoea, etc.) have
broken out in some of the districts (Ganjam, Gajapati & Kandhamal) in
southern and western parts of Orissa killing already more than 40 persons.
There is a fear if timely emergency action is not taken up that the
situation may spin out of control.
Rapid Assessment of Drought
The unusual behaviour of the monsoon, demands made by the people in UELCI
operational villages, newspapers reports, etc made UELCI call a special
meeting of its local partners on 25 July 2002 and Fact Finding Teams were
sent to various parts of Orissa to study the field situation more
objectively. The different Teams consisting of social scientists,
agriculturists and journalists visited different areas from 2 - 6 August
2002. The Report of the Fact Finding Team is available on request. The
Teams observed that the drought situation in different areas of the state
is critical. The overall observations are:
On average the entire Kharif cultivation of Orissa has been affected with
drought due to scanty and erratic rainfall of this year.
Stunted growth of plants then shrivelling and drying
Fewer areas than usual under paddy cultivation
The farmers are running out of seed stock
The vulnerable sections are running out of food
Less irrigation facilities available
Substantial reduction in ground water resulting in drinking water scarcity
Adverse effect on economic condition of farmers with reduced purchasing
power and inability to pay the cost of required inputs for winter
cultivation.
Lacking scope of employment
Increasing rate of migration
No government action yet been taken to minimise the drought situation (as
of assessment dates)
This drought mitigation proposal is based on the findings of these Teams.
Current Situation
Lowest Rainfall in last 40 years: The state received only 140.14 mm of
rainfall ( normal average is 351.60 mm.) in the months of June and July,
the prime period for agricultural operations. Unusually, two long
dry-spells 25 June to 15 July and 18 to 29 July, not only affected all
agricultural activities, but also resulted in depletion of surface water
and substantial lowering of water in tanks, reservoirs, major/minor
irrigation projects etc.
A comparative statement of rainfall in July during the drought-affected
years in the selected area of intervention is given below;
SI.
District
Normal
Rainfall
Actual Rainfall 1996
Actual Rainfall
2000
Actual Rainfall
2002
1
Angul
382.40
225.10
223.70
66.76
2
Dhenkanal
382.00
234.60
223.60
150.09
3
Kalahandi
343.50
365.20
442.90
121.08
4
Koraput
351.10
411.60
302.50
224.51
5
Mayurbhanj
426.40
268.50
256.70
114.30
6
Nayagarh
310.80
144.00
271.60
126.07
AVERAGE:
351.60
252.30
249.10
140.14
During the visit of the Fact Finding Team, it was observed that the
marginal farmers, sharecroppers, agricultural labourers and small farmers
have started selling/mortgaging their belongings such as cattle, assets,
land, etc, at low prices.
The landless labourers, sharecroppers, marginal and small farmers are
without work (agricultural operations have come to a halt due to scanty
rainfall) they have or are running out of any food stores they may have
had. In some of districts of Orissa the landless labourers and other
weaker sections have already started migrating to urban areas. However,
the rate of migration will be more in the following months.
Description of Damages - Crop Damage above 70%
Acute shortage of water throughout the State caused by the scanty and
erratic rainfall has damaged 70% of the crops meaning that the loss of
production will be 3.542 Million MT.
Food Insecurity and Malnutrition
In general the land less labourers, share croppers, rural artisans,
marginal and small farmers are already the most vulnerable in disaster
situations. They do not have the food security or stores to sustain
themselves for any period of time. Many of the most vulnerable such as the
infirm, elderly, women and children with negligible social and economic
security are going to face starvation from October onwards. The next few
months will be the most precarious for these people. In some of the
Adivasi areas of Orissa it is not uncommon for a mother to sell her son or
daughter for a bowl of rice.
Water scarcity
The scarcity of drinking water and food insecurity has lead to water borne
disease such as skin diseases, fever, gastro-intestinal problems, etc. In
some of the districts of Orissa (Kandhamal, Koraput, Kalahandi etc) the
epidemic started due to lack of potable water and it is reported that 40
people have already died of diarrhoea related problems. (Source: The Samaj
dated 23 August 2002). The difficulties in tribal and hilly areas are even
more pronounced.
Locations of Proposed Response
Sl.
District
Block
GP
Village
Families
Partners
1
Nayagarh
Gania
Gania, Kishoreprasad, Karadapada
15
1709
SB
2
Nayagarh
Khandapara
Sidhamula, Banapur
7
806
CPSW
Nayagarh
Gania
Chhamundia
5
503
SVK
3
Dhenkanal
Kamakhyanagar
Tumisingha
4
546
PIPAR
4
Angul
Pallahara
Khemela, Badasada
6
355
SEDP
5
Kalahandi
Narla
Gadebandha
7
647
SEDP
6
Mayurbhanj
Kaptapada
Saradiha, Sarat
11
541
ACM
7
Dhenkanal
Parajanga
Muktapasi, Jayapurakateni, Kankadasoda
5
304
TSRD
8
Koraput
Bandhugaon
Alamanda, Bandhugaon
9
504
RAD
Total
6 Districts
8 Blocks
17
69
5915
9
Disaster and Emergency Statistics
Sl.
Type of Loss
Affected area in
Lakh Hectares
Anticipated %
of Loss
Anticipated Loss of production
(In Lakh Tons)
1
Fallow Lands
7.73
100
13.35
2
Area affected by Gajamurudi
0.85
100
1.54
3
Area where no beaushana has been done
19.22
60
19.85
4
Area transplanted but subject to moisture stress
0.34
60
0.38
5
Beaushana done but subject to moisture stress
0.32
50
0.30
Total
28.46
35.42
Gajamurudi : Drying at seedling stage - Nursery Level
Beaushana : Weeding
Source : The Memorandum on Orissa Drought, 2002 submitted by Government of
Orissa to Government of India
GOAL & OBJECTIVES
Goal: The main goal is to create wage-earning opportunities for the
landless, help the small and marginal farm families to revive their
agriculture and prevent the most vulnerable persons from facing starvation
during the acute crisis period till the next harvesting period.
Objectives:
To generate employment opportunities through Food for Work Programme
To provide agricultural support through seeds, manure and irrigation
facilities
To provide safe drinking water through repair/construction of dug wells,
tube wells and spring protection wells.
To undertake health care activities
To address issues related to drought and relief through advocacy
To undertake capacity building programme for the staff, volunteers and
communities
To co-ordinate with other developmental agencies and Government
departments
TARGETED BENEFICIARIES
Number and Type of Targeted Beneficiaries according to proposed
assistance.
Programme Details
Units
Type of Beneficiaries
Nature of activities
Relief Food Distribution Food for work - Families
4,226
Landless labourers, Marginal farmers, Small Farmers- focus will be on
women.
Food items (Rice & Dal) for Rs.40/- & Cash Rs.10/-
Total: Rs.50/- per day per person
Human Days : 90 per persons in the family
Food for Work - Human Days to generate
380,340
Drinking Water & Sanitation
Dug well - repairing - Numbers
18
All
18 drinking water wells will be renovated at the cost of Rs.2,000/- each.
Dug well - construction - Numbers
11
All
11 drinking water well will be constructed 10 11 villages at a cost of Rs.
40,000/- per well.
Tube Well - Repairing - Numbers
10
All
Defunct tube wells will be repaired in 10 villages at a cost of Rs.2,000/-
per well.
Tube Well - Construction - Numbers
39
All
39 tube wells will be constructed in 39 villages. The work will be done
with the help of LWSI. The budget per well is Rs.50,000/-
SPW - Numbers
8
All
8 spring protection wells will be constructed in 8 villages. The budget is
10,000/- per well
Sanitation - Villages
56
All
Renovation of drainage canals will be undertaken in 56 villages at a cost
of 3,000/- per village.
Health & Medical Inputs
Health Education Activities
69
All
Health Education Activities will be organised in 69 villages. Budget
Rs.2,000/- per Village is proposed.
Medicine - Villages
69
All
Essential drugs will be provided to the needy people in 69 villages.
Agriculture - Seeds and Manure
Rabi Crop (Oct 02 to Mar 03)
Black gram - Acres
3729
Small & Marginal Farmers
To support 3,729 families to cultivate Black gram Seeds.
Green gram - Acres
256
Small & Marginal Farmers
To support 511 families to cultivate Green gram Seeds.
Horse gram - Acres
339
Small & Marginal Farmers
To support 339 families to cultivate Horse gram Seeds.
Groundnut - Acres
90
Small & Marginal Farmers
To support 450 families to cultivate Groundnut Seeds.
Homestead Vegetable Seeds *
Per Family - Acres
56.36
Selected families for vegetable cultivation for home consumption.
To support 5,636 families to cultivate in their homestead land @ 0.10 acre
per family. Seeds of bitterguard, tomato, ladies finger, pumpkin, cucumber
etc., - 10 items worth Rs. 100/- will be provided.
Farmyard Manure - Acres
4,446
Small & Marginal Farmers
Farmyard manure will be provided @ Rs.300 per acre.
Kharif Crop (Apr 03 to Sep 03)
Black gram - Acres
645
Small & Marginal Farmers
To support 645 families to cultivate Black gram during Kharif season.
Paddy - Acres
3223
Small & Marginal Farmers
To support 3,223 families to cultivate Paddy Seeds.
Ragi - Acres
247
Small & Marginal Farmers
To support 247 families to cultivate Ragi Seeds.
Suan - Acres
72
Small & Marginal Farmers
To support 144 families to cultivate Suan local millet seeds.
Farmyard Manure - Acres
4187
Small & Marginal Farmers
Farmyard manure will be provided @ Rs.300 per acre.
Support for Water Harvesting - Irrigation
WHS - Numbers
16
All
Water harvesting systems will be constructed in 16 villages costing Rs.
35,000/- each.
Check Dams - Numbers
2
All
Check dams will be constructed in 2 villages @ Rs.45,000/- each.
Advocacy
Meetings - Numbers
69
All
Meetings will be organised at the field level in all the 69 villages.
Campaigns - Numbers
9
All
Campaigns will be organised in 9 regional basis at a cost of Rs.20,000/-
each.
Capacity Building Programme
Staff Level - Numbers
16
Staff
Capacity Building Programme will be organised by UELCI at the NGO Level
Staff.
Volunteer Level - Numbers
67
Volunteers
Capacity Building Programme will be organised by UELCI for all the
Volunteers.
Community Level Representative - Numbers
276
Communities
Capacity Building Programme will be organised by the partner organisations
in 72 villages
Criteria for Beneficiary Selection
Geographic - people living in remote hilly/Adivasi areas where government
attention is less.
Socio culturally Marginalised - Adivasis and Dalits.
Economic - land less agricultural labourers, marginal farmers and small
farmers - food for work and seeds support.
The most vulnerable women, children, elderly and the disabled - food
distribution
Beneficiaries have been selected in consultation with community members,
Panchayat leaders and local Government officials etc.
PROPOSED EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE & IMPLEMENTATION
Relief Food Distribution - Food for Work
4,226 families (Adivasis & Dalits, landless labourers, marginal farmers
etc.) will benefit and 380,340 human days will be generated with each
human day recompensed by food items worth Rs.40/- and cash Rs. 10/- and in
total Rs. 50/- .
Through the food for work programme the following community
infrastructures will be created/repaired.
Sl.
Details of Work
1
Water Harvesting Structures
2
Pond Renovation
3
Check Dam Construction
4
Bunding
5
Road Repair
6
Land Development
Drinking Water and Sanitation
Drinking Water: To mitigate the problem of safe and sufficient drinking
water, repairing/construction of dug wells, tube wells and construction of
spring protection wells will be undertaken where the marginal sections
(Adivasis, Dalits, landless share croppers, marginal farmers, small
farmers etc.) are mostly affected. The following activities will be
undertaken under this programme.
Sl.
Programme Details
No. of Units
No. of Villages
1
Dug well - Repairing - Numbers
18
18
2
Dug well - Construction - Numbers
11
11
3
Tube Well - Repairing - Numbers
10
10
4
Tube Well - Construction - Numbers
39
39
5
Spring Protection Wells - Numbers
8
8
Sanitation
54 villages will be covered under this programme.
Sl.
Area
No. of Villages
Types of Activities
1
Khandapara
7
Repair of drainage, canals, dug wells and tube wells
2
Gania
20
- ditto -
3
Kamakshyanagar
4
- ditto -
4
Parjang
5
- ditto -
5
Kaptipada
11
- ditto -
6
Narla
7
Total
54
In most of the villages the drainage system has not been cleaned or
maintained properly. Therefore, in order to carry out the cleaning/repairs
properly, construction materials such as cement, sand, bricks as well as
skilled workers are required.
Health & Medical Inputs
Emphasis will be on health education activities to prevent/minimise
diseases such as skin infections and gastrointestinal problems among the
people and particularly children, old age, women, disabled, etc.
Individual health check-ups will be undertaken and medicines to be
provided to people in 69 villages.
Sl.
Area
Medicine Distribution
No. of Villages
1
Khandapara
7
2
Gania
20
3
Kamakshyanagar
4
4
Parjang
5
5
Kaptipada
11
6
Pallahara
6
7
Narla
7
8
Bandugaom
9
The health education activities will be undertaken with the help of a team
of professionals (doctors) and para-medical staff who are already working
under the implementing partners. The local government health staff will
also participate in the programme. The amount of Rs.2,000 is towards
medical team expenses (travel, food, etc) and also for the medicines which
the team will carry during their visits to the villages. The team will
carry out health awareness meetings for the villagers with regard to use
of medicines, sanitation and hygiene etc. The team will also carry out
individual health check ups, treatment and referral services.
An amount of Rs2,000 is budgeted towards medicine to be kept at the
village level. From each village an average of 50 families are expected to
avail themselves of the services. Medicines for the most common diseases
will be kept in the villages. The villagers will be expected to reimburse
the cost of medicines to the community so that the medicine stocks can be
maintained at the village level in the future. The volunteers based at the
village will be oriented in the treatment of common diseases, hygiene and
sanitation.
Agriculture - Seeds and Manure
Rabi Crop - October 02 to March 2003: The worst affected share croppers,
marginal and small farmers would be provided with seeds by which they
would grow Rabi crops. Rabi crop is crucial for such families to recover
from the distress situation and September and October months are a
critical period. UELCI also plans to accompany the farmers during the
Kharif Crop from April to September 2003. All these families will be
assisted with farmyard manure.
Sl.
Type of Seed
No. of Families
No. of Acres
Remarks
1
Black gram
3,729
3,729
Rabi Crop
2
Green gram
511
256
Rabi Crop
3
Horse gram
339
339
Rabi Crop
4
Groundnut
450
90
Rabi Crop
5
Homestead Vegetable seeds
5,636
56.36
Rabi Crop
6
Black gram
645
645
Kharif Crop
7
Paddy
3,223
3,223
Kharif Crop
8
Ragi
247
247
Kharif Crop
9
Suan
144
72
Kharif Crop
Water Irrigation
16 water harvesting structures and 2 check dams will be constructed to
provide irrigation in 18 villages.
Advocacy
Advocacy programmes will be undertaken for drawing the attention of State
Government and Central Government for drought support and effective
implementation of different drought relief programmes.
Meeting and workshops will be organised at different levels to pressurise
the Government for the following:
To streamline public distribution system
To regularise Annapurna Yozana, BPL and APL programme support
To implement EAS and food for work on a large scale
To implement crop loans for the farmers
To ensure crop insurance etc.,
Capacity Building Programme
Capacity Building programmes will be undertaken at three levels viz.,
staff, volunteers and at community level. Staff and Volunteer level
programmes will be organised centrally by UELCI while the community level
capacity building programme will be undertaken by the implementing NGOs.
The following activities will be undertaken under this programme.
Capacity Building Programme - Staff level - 14 Staff
Capacity Building Programme - Volunteer - 67 Volunteers
Capacity Building Programme - Community level - 276 People.
Training of Trainers (ToT) will be undertaken for the staff for
facilitation and smooth implementation.
Orientation will be given to the volunteers to facilitate the programme at
community level.
Both Capacity Building of staff and volunteers will be undertaken
centrally.
Training on Community Based Disaster Preparedness will be undertaken at
the community level (by the implementing partners) with four
representatives (2 men and 2 women) from each village.
Transition from Emergency
The projects listed above will assist the most vulnerable from the
emergency phase to rehabilitation. The food for work programme will
assist 4,226 families for a period of 90 days while seed support will help
the farmers cultivate their lands in Rabi season.
Organising seed banks and self help groups etc to rotate seeds will
improve food security by making available seed loans to those who have
nothing.
The health assistance along with provision of potable water will improve
the general health situation.
Through advocacy and capacity building people will be empowered to gain
knowledge of their rights, demand and get that which is their due - eg
benefits from the Governments and establish community mechanisms for
self-sustainability. Through the rights education programme they will be
linked to Panchayat Raj Institutions.
ADMINISTRATION, FINANCE, MONITORING, REPORTING
Administration
IRDWSI/UELCI is responsible for general project administration. The field
team headed by the chief functionaries of local partners will carry out
the implementation of the field level activities. The role of the Chief
Functionaries will be co-ordinated by the UELCI Co-ordinator. Field level
liaison with local authorities and other related bodies will be
co-ordinated by the Field Team.
Record-keeping at village level: at the village level, details of the
activities undertaken in the village will be maintained by the village
committee with the assistance of a volunteer. Weekly reports will be sent
to the field co-ordinator. Registers, village committee resolutions,
family cards, progress reports and other details of activities will be
maintained at village level.
Finance
The financial control system built in at the IRDWSI/UELCI level will be
followed. The IRDWSI/UELCI will be the recipient of the funds in their
FCRA account. Conceptual orientation and training, calling in the funds,
channelling and management of the funds, consolidating the narrative
reports and financial reporting will be the responsibility of the
IRDWSI/UELCI. Upon completion of the programme, there will be an external
audit carried out by: JK Reddy & Co, Chartered Accountants, New
No.128/10, Ntr Street, Rangarajapuram, Chennai - 600024.
Monitoring
IRDWSI, will take general responsibility for administration, finance
monitoring, and reporting involving the local implementing partners. The
Co-ordinator of UELCI will co-ordinate the programme with support of the
Field Team which will implement field level activities at grassroots level
in close co-operation with the beneficiaries. The team will report on the
progress of the field activities to the person in-charge on a weekly
basis.
The consolidated field report will be made available to ACT on a monthly
basis concerning aspects of material usage, finance utility in the field,
statistical data on the activities and overall progress of the Programme
by IRDWSI/UELCI.
IMPLEMENTATION TIMETABLE
The programme will start in the month of October and will come to an end
by September 2003. The support will be extended to the next Kharif season.
The detail of the time frame is given below;
Sl.
Programme
Time Frame
Remarks
1
Food for Work
Oct to Dec - 02
During the acute food shortage period
2
Water & Sanitation
Oct 02 to Sep 03
Repair will be undertaken immediately and construction will be undertaken
after the rainy season
3
Health & Medical Inputs
Oct 02 to Sep 03
According to the requirement
4
Seeds support - Rabi Crop
Oct 02 to Mar 03
Seed & manure
5
Seeds Support - Kharif Crop
Jul 02 to Sep 03
Seed & manure
6
Support for Irrigation
Oct 02 to Sep 03
Repair will be undertaken immediately and construction will be undertaken
after the rainy season
7
Advocacy
Oct 02 to Sep 03
Periodic meetings will be conducted
8
Capacity Building Programme
Quarterly
Staff, volunteers level - quarterly and community level - yearly.
9.
Staff Meetings
Monthly
Till the end of the Time Frame
CO-ORDINATION
UELCI will set up a mechanism to ensure effective co-ordination with the
implementing partners. Co-ordination meetings will be organised at the
field level to central level. The implementing partners already have their
own co-ordination procedures and systems used during their normal work.
Depending on the nature of work and resource needs, co-ordination will be
facilitated.
The proposal will be shared with other ACT partners and UELCI plans will
be shared with Government State (OSDMA and Special Relief Commissioner)
and District (Collector) authorities only after confirmation from ACT.
BUDGET
INCOME RECEIVED - ACT Network US$
ACT Netherlands (Pledge of 100,000 Euros) 97,560
TOTAL INCOME 97,560
ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE
Description Type of No of Unit Cost Budget Budget
Unit Units INR INR US$
DIRECT ASSISTANCE
CRISIS PHASE Relief Food Distribution
Food for Work for 4,226 Persons for 90 Days
(each person represents one family)
Rice (3 kg per day per person) Ton 1,141 10,000 11,410,200 242,770
Dal (1/2 kg per day per person) Ton 190 20,000 3,803,400 80,923
Cash (Rs.10 per day per person) Man/day 380,340 10 3,803,400 80,923
Sub Total 19,017,000 404,617
Water and Sanitation
Repairing of dug wells Number 18 2000 36,000 766
Construction of dug wells Number 11 40000 440,000 9,362
Repairing of tube wells Number 10 2000 20,000 426
Construction of tube wells Number 39 50000 1,950,000 41,489
Protection of spring wells Number 8 10000 80,000 1,702
Sanitation - repairs drains & canals Village 54 3,000.00 162,000 3,447
Sub Total 2,688,000 57,191
Health and Medical Inputs
Education in disease prevention Village 69 2,000 138,000 2,936
Medical checkups and medicines Village 69 2,000 138,000 2,936
Sub Total 276,000 5,872
Agricultural Inputs
Rabi Crops (October 2 to March 3)
Blackgram (3,729 acres/15 kg/acre) Ton 55.935 40,000 2,237,400 47,604
Greengram (256 acres/15 kg/acre) Ton 3.84 36,000 138,240 2,941
Horsegram (339 acres/15 kg/acre) Ton 5.085 36,000 183,060 3,895
Groundnut (90 acres/72 kg/acre) Ton 6.48 30,000 194,400 4,136
Homestead vegetable seeds/family Packet 5,636 100 563,600 11,991
Description Type of No of Unit Cost Budget Budget
Unit Units INR INR US$
Farmyard Manure X Rs.300 acre Acre 4,446 300 1,333,800 28,379
Kharif Crop (June 3 to September 3)
Blackgram (645 acres X 15 kg/acre) Ton 9.675 40,000 387,000 8,234
Paddy (3,223 acres X 40 kg/acre) Ton 128.92 12,000 1,547,040 32,916
Ragi (247 acres X 15 kg per acre) Ton 3.705 28,000 103,740 2,207
Suan (72 acres X 20 kg per acre) Ton 1.44 12,000 17,280 368
Farmyard manure at Rs.300/acre Acre 4,187 300 1,256,100 26,726
Sub-total 7,961,660 169,397
Support for Water Harvesting - Irrigation
Rain water harvesting structures Number 16 35,000 560,000 11,915
Diversion wires for check dams Dam 2 45,000 90,000 1,915
Sub-total 650,000 13,830
TOTAL 30,592,660 650,908
MATERIAL TRANSPORT, STORAGE, WAREHOUSING AND HANDLING
Truck Rental and Related Costs
Regional transport - food inputs Truck load 140 5,000 700,000 14,894
Regional transport - seeds Truck load 22 5,000 110,000 2,340
Local transport food inputs & seeds Lumpsum 100,000 2,128
Rental of warehouse Month 6 10,000 60,000 1,277
Labor fees loading & offloading Truck load 162 400 64,800 1,379
TOTAL 1,034,800 22,017
CAPITAL EQUIPMENT
Motorcycles Number 9 50,000 450,000 9,574
PERSONNEL, ADMINISTRATION, OPERATIONS AND SUPPORT
Staff Salaries and Support
Central coordinator Month 12 10,000 120,000 2,553
Field coordinators (13 persons) Month 12 52,000 624,000 13,277
Per diem field visits by Lumpsum 60,000 1,277
finance & monitoring staff
Volunteers' honoraria (67 persons) Month 12 67,000 804,000 17,106
Staff Travel
Central coordinator Month 12 6,000 72,000 1,532
Field coordinators (13 persons) Month 12 26,000 312,000 6,638
Volunteers Month 12 13,400 160,800 3,421
Office Operations
Office rental Month 12 8,000 96,000 2,043
Stationery and supplies Month 12 24,000 288,000 6,128
Records keeping at village level Village 69 1,000 69,000 1,468
Photographs - purchase & dev films Lumpsum 60,000 1,277
Photocopies Lumpsum 120,000 2,553
Staff meetings Month 12 20,000 240,000 5,106
Communications
Telephone and fax Month 12 12,500 150,000 3,191
Electronic mail Month 12 3,000 36,000 766
TOTAL 3,211,800 68,336
Description Type of No of Unit Cost Budget Budget
Unit Units INR INR US$
OTHER
Advocacy
Meetings Village 69 2,000 138,000 2,936
Campaigns Number 9 20,000 180,000 3,830
Capacity Building
Staff Number 14 4,000 56,000 1,191
Volunteers Number 67 2,400 160,800 3,421
Community Number 276 1,200 331,200 7,047
TOTAL 866,000 18,426
AUDIT AND EVALUATION
Audit of ACT appeal funds Lumpsum 120,000 2,553
Program evaluation & monitoring Lumpsum 350,000 7,447
TOTAL 470,000 10,000
TOTAL ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE 36,625,260 779,261
Less Income 97,560
BALANCE REQUESTED FROM ACT NETWORK 681,701
Exchange Rate : USD 1 = INR 47.00 (based on LWF September 2002 internal
rate)
REQUESTING ACT MEMBER INFORMATION
Church's Auxiliary for Social Action (CASA)
IMPLEMENTING ACT MEMBER & PARTNER INFORMATION
CASA is registered as a Society under the Societies' Registration Act XXI
of 1860. Its members consist of 24 Protestant and Orthodox Churches in
India and CASA functions as the outreach arm of these Churches. As the
Related Agency of the National Council of Churches in India, CASA is
mandated to do relief work on behalf of all the Protestant Churches in
India.
CASA has a history of responding to emergencies and disasters since 1947.
CASA's responds regardless of caste, language, religion, ethnic origin or
political affiliation. Operating on an all-India basis, CASA responds to
some 60-70 emergencies - both natural and man-made - per year. CASA has a
decentralised disaster preparedness plan. This system has been created
through the establishment of a wider and more effective infrastructure
network and capacity building programme for CASA staff, representatives of
churches and identified partner organisations, both at the disaster
management and grassroots level, who can, at short notice, respond to
CASA's call for assistance. This network is backed by relief materials
purchased and pre-stocked at CASA's warehouses at strategic locations
throughout the country.
The relief programme will be implemented directly by CASA, with the
assistance of partners organisations. This list of partners is not
exhaustive and could be expanded to include church organisations and other
partner networks wherever available. The finalised information about the
partners in each state will be sent in due course.
Uttar Pradesh (UP) Partners:
Sabhagi Gramin Vikas Samiti : this organisation works in Manihar block of
Mirzapur district in Uttar Pradesh in villages dominated by Kol tribes.
Illiteracy, lack of awareness, women's low status etc are some of the
major problems of this tribal society. Sabhagi Gramin Vikas Samiti is
engaged in ensuring a better community life for this tribal population.
Patha Kol Vikas Samiti: works in the Chitrakoot district of UP which is
inhabited by the tribal and scheduled caste community. This organisation
is working for restoration of tribal dignity and improvement in the
socio-economic condition of the tribal population.
Margshree Charitable Trust: works in the Badagaon block of Jhansi district
in UP. People are forced to migrate to other places due to the continuous
drought for the last three years. Activities are directed towards the
issues of food security, generating sources of livelihood, reducing gender
disparity and Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI's).
Gram Unmesh Sansthan: the work is spread over the Badarwar Khurd block of
Banda district. Indebtedness, migration, food insecurity and livelihood
problems are the common features in this area. Focus is on empowerment of
local community over village natural resources, creating livelihood
opportunities and to sensitising people to local self-governance.
Samarpan Jan Kalyan Samiti: is active in Konch block of Jalaun district.
Due to the consecutive years of drought, people in this area migrate in
search of livelihood. The focus is to organise and strengthen the
community, work towards food security through people's participation,
promote sustainable agriculture practices through soil & water
conservation and make efforts for increasing women's participation in
Panchayati Raj Insitutions.
Rajasthan Partners
Rural Education Development Society: has been engaged in rural development
work since 1988 and is active in 2,031 villages of Barmer and Jaisalmer
districts. The focus is on literacy, employment for rural women,
environmental awareness and strengthening of the Panchayati Raj
Insitution.
Society to Uplift Rural Economy (SURE): has been active in rural
development work since 1991 and the work is spread over 60 villages of
Chohtan sub division of Barmer district. The focus is towards the
improvement of quality of life of the poor community by promoting
educational and literacy work, integrated rural development and capacity
building of the local community.
Shiksha Avem Jan Kalyan Samiti (SJKS): in Khichan, Jodhpur, is a grass
roots organisation engaged in development work since 1990. Its project
area is spread over Phalodi sub division of Jodhpur district where it is
active in 88 villages. The primary aim is to improve the quality of life
of poor and marginalized communities by undertaking education, health,
water management and capacity building interventions.
Vikas Bal Niketan Society (VBNS): promotes literacy, health, slum
development and employment oriented work in nearby area of Bikaner. The
focus is to involve the local community in planning and monitoring of
development work through awareness and capacity building.
Kelanser Vikas Samiti: is operational in Khichan block of Jodhpur
district. Its focus is on countering the desertification process through
plantations and other appropriate measures and on strengthening
Panchatyati Raj Institutions.
Madhya Pradesh (MP) Partners
Kasturba Banwasi Kanya Ashram: works among the tribal communities. The
activities are being carried out in Dhenora and Sandhwa blocks of Khargone
district in MP. Major issues relate to forests, loss of tribal control on
local and natural resources and the status of women.
National Centre for Human Settlement & Environment: is operational in Dhar
and Jhabua districts of MP, covering 25 villages with a population of
about 6,000 - 8,000 families. Issues relate to land, environment and
gender.
New Life Centre: is working for the poor tribals and backward communities
in Ratlam and Jhabua districts of MP, mostly inhabited by Bhil tribes.
Focus is on issues of illiteracy, indebtedness, water scarcity, low
agricultural production, lack of employment opportunities.
Sampark: is involved in 20 villages in Jhabua district in MP. comprising
mainly of poor tribals and follows a people centred approach.
Vikas Anusansdhan Evam Saikshanik Pragati Sansthan (VASPS): is working in
10 tribal villages in Dhar district in MP an working for the uplifting of
the socio-economic condition of the tribal people. Poverty, illiteracy,
indebtedness, low agricultural production, lack of employment
opportunities are some of the common problems in the area.
Adivasi Chetna Shikshan Seva Samiti: is working in the tribal dominated
villages of Jhabua district of MP in 10 villages, covering 1,500 families,
mostly belonging to the Bhil and Pateliya tribes. Samiti helps the tribals
regain their dignity through resource development and capacity
enhancement.
Chattisgarh Partners
Surguja Gramin Vikas Sansthan: is working with the tribal community in
Surguja district which is inhabited by Pahari Korba tribals. Focus is to
sensitise and empower communities to keep in check the depletion of
natural resources, help with conservation of the environment and better
utilisation of existing resources, food security and participation of
women in decision making.
Sri Gandhi Seva Ashram: is working in the tribal dominated villages of
Surguja district. It focuses on soil & water conservation and effective
use of available land & water resources, promotion and generation of
agro-based income, sensitisation of the community towards gender issues
and women's empowerment in the decision making process.
Vanvasi Chetna Ashram: works among the tribal communities and is working
to sensitise and enable local people to better utilisation of available
resources such as land, water, cattle, forest etc as well as to increase
output of livelihood sources and ensure better community life.
Surguja Gramotthan Samaj Sevi Sanstha (SGSSS): is working in Surguja
district which is inhabited by Pahari Korba, Bhaswar and Korea tribals.
The focus is towards livelihood, NRM, Gender and strengthening of PRI's.
Prayog Samaj Sevi Sanstha: is working in Raipur district dominated by
landless, small and marginalised farmers. Focuses on land development,
drinking water as well as irrigation water resources and runs economic
development programmes and campaigns against social evils.
Vardan: is working in the tribal villages of Rajnandgaon district in
Chattisgarh and its focuses is to enhance the socio-economic condition of
tribal populations through organising them, promotion of appropriate and
sustainable agricultural practices, strengthening of self governance
systems, ensuring food security and livelihood sources for the people.
Karnataka Partners
Grama Vikasa Vidhya Samsthe: has been working in Bagalkot district of
Karnataka since 1995. The focus is towards serving the rural poor people
in the field of education, health, agriculture, employment and enhancement
of socio-economic levels, etc. It has been associated with CASA's Food For
Community Development (FFDC) programme.
Tamil Nadu Partners
Tirupputhur Rural Uplift Project Association (TRUPA): is active in 40
villages in Tirupputhur block. The focus is on education, health,
nutrition, awareness generation, self-help group formation, savings,
income generation, skill training, land development, water conservation,
creating or improving community assets, welfare schemes, etc.
CSI Tirunelveli Diocese: is associated with CASA for more than 50 years
and developmental activities and relief programmes have been implemented
through this diocese.
CSI Madurai & Ramnad Diocese: has a separate department to implement
socio-economic development projects and relief and development projects
and is associated with CASA.
Tamil Evangelical Lutheran Church (TELC): has been associated with CASA
for more than 50 years and has a Socio Economic Development Board to
implement socio-economic development projects and relief and development
projects.
Team for Education and Action Trust (TEA TRUST): is a rural development
organisation involved in sustainable development activities for Scheduled
Cast (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) since 1986 in Kattankulathur block of
Chenglepet district. The focus is on non-formal children's education,
health care, small savings and credit, housing, government welfare
programme and skill training.
DESCRIPTION OF THE EMERGENCY SITUATION
Current Situation and Impact on Human Lives
As stated under the general background description 14 States have been
affected. The lives of the people especially the poor depends on
agriculture and related activities therefore the most affected in the
communities are the marginal farmers and agricultural labourers. The
delayed monsoon negates the possibility of reviving the grain production.
Paddy and coarse cereals crops like millet and sorghum are the worst hit
by the erratic monsoon behaviour, while pulses and oilseeds have also been
substantially affected.
Lower availability of food grains, green vegetables, etc has created a
situation where the prices of essential commodities are rising. The poor
do not have such purchasing power and are running out of food stocks.
Malnutrition prevails especially among women, children, the elderly and
infirm due to lack of sufficient food and potable drinking water. And with
no earnings or employment possibilities, anti social activities and crimes
are increasing.
The depletion of family food and cash reserves and lack of employment
opportunities is forcing the poor to borrow at exorbitant rates of
interest. Distress sale of property and livestock, which in many cases is
a primary source of income, is on the rise. Migration has assumed massive
proportions. Migration for occupational reasons is a continuous phenomenon
in most of the states but only for short periods. People are used to
migrating for a few months and then returning with the arrival of the
monsoon. This year however, many people who have never migrated before are
joining the ranks. People are now migrating to urban areas after selling
their live-stock and other assets. Cities like Delhi and Mumbai, are
flooded with these migrants who have come in search of livelihood.
Focus areas within the States
To mitigate the effects of this catastrophic situation CASA and its
partners plan to take up relief work in some of the most severely affected
areas in the 6 states of Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh,
Chattisgarh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. These states have been selected
since they are, in large parts, becoming increasingly drought prone due to
the consistent decline in rainfall. CASA also has some direct presence in
most of these states due to the concentration of the poor and marginalized
that are its major reference community.
In Uttar Pradesh, the programme will be primarily implemented in the
Bundelkhand region which is drought prone and inhabited by scheduled casts
(SCs) and in some parts of central and eastern UP.
In Rajasthan, the programme will be primarily undertaken in western and
southern Rajasthan which are perpetually drought prone and dominated by
the tribals and OBCs. These areas have significant presence of CASA
partners.
In case of Madhya Pradesh the work will be primarily undertaken in the
western part as this area is predominantly inhabited by tribals and is
drought prone.
In Chattisgarh, a small state, the programme area will be at different
locations throughout the state excluding the areas dominated by Naxalite
movements i.e. central Chattisgarh and area bordering MP and Bihar.
In Karnataka the work will concentrate on the drought prone areas and with
the reference community of CASA i.e. tribals, dalits etc. primarily in the
drought prone districts as declared by the Government. These include
Bidar, Bagalket, Bijapur, Dharwad, Raichur and Bellary.
In Tamil Nadu the work will include those areas of the state where there
has been a severe rain shortfall and which are primarily dominated by
Dalits, Tribals and OBCs.
The final selection of the working areas will be based on the following
criteria:
demographic characteristics i.e. dalits, tribals landless and presence of
small and marginal farmers;
drought prone and rain deficient conditions, districts declared as drought
hit by the government and,
last but not least, on CASA's ability to implement the programme
efficiently and effectively.
Description of situation in proposed working areas
Uttar Pradesh
In UP, 52 of 74 districts are drought affected. However, the Government
has declared only 39 districts as drought affected till now. The whole of
the Bundelkhand region is severely affected while most of the districts of
Central UP and some parts of Western UP & Eastern UP are also affected by
drought.
The economy of the state is dependent on agriculture and the main source
of livelihood of the community is agriculture and related activities. Here
75% of the total agriculture is rain-fed. The state has had low rainfall
for the last two years and this year the delayed rains have made the
situation worse. Many areas have not received rains at all. Due to lack of
timely rainfall, the seedlings in the fields have died and the loss to
agriculture in the region is more than 70%. The situation is worst in
Bunderkhand region where almost 90% agriculture has been lost. The water
table in certain areas has gone down by 25 feet. Consequently, wells
ponds and other available water sources have dried up. Parts of central
and eastern UP is also facing severe drinking water problems.
In the overall assessment the small and marginalised farmers and landless
labourers, rural artisans and other small enterprises are the most
affected by the drought. The overwhelming presence of SC and OBC who
collectively constitute 21% and 41% of the state's population has created
complex situations with reference to the livelihood and survival of this
category of people in the current drought situation.
Rajasthan
This is the fourth consecutive year that the state faces severe drought -
with this year being the most severe. The state had received less than 50%
of the average rainfall and the state government has declared all 32
districts as drought affected with 41,000 villages in the grip of
scarcity. The districts worst affected are Jodhpur, Barmer, Jaisalmer,
Phalodi and Pokhran. The Meteorological Department has predicted and that
the monsoon has already weakened over Rajasthan. Nearly 31% of the Kharif
crop has perished and there has been a sharp increase in the price of food
items. Crop failure is 25% in Banswara and 40% in Udaipur, Rajsamund,
Dungarpur, Chittorgarh and Bhilwara.
This scarcity has created an acute shortage of irrigation water, which in
turn results in damage to more than 40% crops. The entire damaged crops
adversely affect the economic condition of the farmers (specially small
and marginal) and the labourers employed in the farm sector. The failure
of kharif crop has created an acute shortage of fodder, resulting in an
increase in the price of fodder. People of the drought hit areas are not
in a position to maintain their livestock due to low purchasing power. The
situation is worse in western Rajasthan which is known for its cattle
wealth.
CASA is operational in 17 districts in Rajasthan through networking
between 50 organisations for promoting sustainability of local level
participatory initiatives in more than 250 villages covering a population
of approximately 35,000. The livelihood system of operational villages has
been severely affected by drought.
Madhya Pradesh
Here it is also the fourth consecutive year that the rain has failed and
out of the 45 districts 10 districts hardly received any rainfall and
another 18 received very scanty rainfall. Some of the worst affected
districts are Khandwa, Khargaon, Badwani, Dhar, Ratlam, Jhabua and Indore.
Indore has received only 30 mm of rainfall in July compared with the
average of 316mm. Jhabua has also been dry with only 100mm and in the
Bhopal area the rainfall in July was only 114 mm whereas last year it was
276 mm.
The standing crops have been severely affected not only due to the lack of
rain but also due to an attack of pests. There has been a fall in the
underground water table as rainfall has been deficient for the last 3
years. The state is the largest producer of soya bean in the country. Soya
bean is cultivated in around 46 lakh hectares. However, this year planting
could only take place on 25% of the area due to water shortages, and this
crop has been totally lost. Another major kharif crop is paddy which is
cultivated on nearly 16 lakh hectares, in the south east of the state.
Cultivation has not even started due to lack of water. Overall only 10 -
15% cultivation has taken place in Sagar and Rewa Districts, 60% in Indore
and Ujjan Districts and cultivation has not started at all in Gwalior,
Chambal, Bhopal, Hoshangabad and Betul areas. There is also a huge
shortage of fodder.
Chattisgarh
All the 12 districts of Chattisgarh have been declared drought affected by
the Government. There is extensive damage to the Kharif crop, acute
drinking water shortage and shortage of fodder for the animals. According
to reports, up to 17 July 2002 the state has received only 35% of the
normal rainfall.
Because of sufficient rain at the beginning of July, 22-25% planting had
already taken place. But due to complete absence of rainfall later, a high
percentage of the crop has already perished. Furthermore, due to the
impact of low rainfall only 45% of the kharif crop could be sown.
85% of the population in this state depends on agriculture. Therefore,
from August onwards 8-10 lakh people are expected to be out of work and
unable even to find work in the neighbouring state as it is also suffering
from drought.
Karnataka
The main agricultural activity in the state of Karnataka, as in the other
states of India, depends on the south-west monsoon. In Karnataka 175
talukas in 18 districts have been declared drought affected due to
shortfall of monsoon rains. The deficiency is calculated from *20% in the
south to *59% in the northern districts. In Karnataka - Bidar, Bagalkot,
Bijapur, Gulbarga, Dharwad, Raichur and Bellary are the most drought hit
districts.
With the failure of monsoon this year the sowing of the main crops had
been completely suspended. Happy with the initial rainfall farmers had
prepared their fields and sowed nearly 12% of the targeted area of
cultivation. Generally the sowing is completed during the end of June or
early July. Now, even if some rains have fallen, sowing cannot be
undertaken. Thus the entire crop has failed this year.
Even last year, the yield was only 50% due to failure of rains. If the
same scenario continues, farmers in the state will have to give up
agriculture. The impact would be drastic leading to a complete breakdown
of normal socio-cultural life in the state, especially in the rural areas.
This would also affect other sectors like electricity production etc.,
which is already inadequate due to lack of water in the Hydro-electric
reservoirs and dams.
Tamil Nadu
The drought hit districts of Tamil Nadu are Kanyakumari, Salem, Dindigul,
Virudhunagar, Tirunelveli, Tuticorin, Madurai, Sivagangai, Ramnad, Theni,
Erode, Namakkal, Vilupuram, Coimbatore, Kancheepuram, Vellore, Darmapuri,
Thiruvarur, Nagapattinam, Cuddalore, Pudukkotai, Tiruvannamalai, Tanjore,
Trichy and Perambalur. For the first time in the past couple of decades
the normally rain-rich Kanyakumari district presented a parched picture
and 11,000 hectares of paddy has withered. In Salem district standing
crops are also withering.
Hundreds of acres of sugarcane crop and coconut groves have begun
withering due to severe drought in Dindigul district. At Vadasandur in the
district, farm labourers are selling their cattle to slaughter houses and
migrating to north Tamil Nadu for construction work. Poor people in
Tanjore, Nagapattinam and Thiruvarur districts have started eating field
rats and lotus roots as they have no other food.
In the Coimbatore district 3 lakhs out of 182 lakhs of coconut trees have
been affected. The lower Bhavani reservoir, lifeline of the Erode district
and irrigating two lakhs acres has only 1.6 tm.cft. of water against in
full capacity of 32 tm.cft. In Tirunelveli district the water level is
decreasing daily by 1 foot in the Pavanasam Dam. Paddy crops in 6,000
areas have dried up. Water level depletion has affected the salt pan of
Tuticorin district and rendered 1 lakh workers jobless. In Dharmapuri, the
main stay of mango crops in the state, groves are wilting and 2,347 tanks
catering for 19,779 hectares are dry. The situation is grim in Trichy,
Perambalur, Karur and Pudukkottai districts where the truant monsoon has
virtually ruled out kuruvai cultivation.
No cultivation has been taken up in 77% of lands in Cauvery Delta region.
With rain playing truant and Karnataka expressing its inability to release
water, farmers of the cauvery delta districts of Thanjavur, Nagapattinam,
Thiruvarur are worried about the prospects of the long-term rabi crop.
Overall Key Issues
It has become apparent that certain key issues have arisen which are
common to all the areas described above.
Food insecurity: The deficient and untimely rains have led to near total
crop loss, depletion of food and cash reserves, rural indebtedness, and
lack of employment opportunities. While food is available the poor lack
purchasing power. Consequently millions of people are becoming
malnourished and face the threat of starvation.
Depletion of agricultural inputs, seeds & manure: Due to the crop loss
the affected families have exhausted all their seeds stocks and will be
unable to procure the same from the market due to financial constraints
which have further been aggravated by the government's decision not to
waive loans taken by farmers from banks and financial institutions. In
order to prevent them from falling further into the clutches of the
village landlords and moneylenders it becomes necessary to take up
distribution of seeds for staple crops to be planted in the Rabi (winter)
or Kharif (post monsoon) season. It is also proposed to provide manure for
enhanced productivity.
Animal Husbandry/Fodder: The late rains in North India towards the end of
August and early September 2002 will contribute substantially to meet the
immediate drinking water and fodder needs at least till February 2003. It
is however expected that the fodder situation in some of the areas where
CASA will be taking up the FFCD programme may turn critical in the
following months. The rural economy in the Northern states is highly
dependent on animal husbandry as a source of livelihood. It may therefore
become important to provide fodder in some of these deficit areas of Uttar
Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh. A provision for fodder
distribution is therefore being made in the proposal for utilisation as
per need.
Potable Water: As in the case of fodder drinking water scarcity is
anticipated in some of the programme areas in the four northern states.
This is mainly caused by the depletion of ground water resources due to
over exploitation and the drying up of surface sources as a result of the
inadequate monsoon, poor water and environment management. A provision for
distribution of drinking water is therefore being made for utilisation as
per need.
It is further proposed to undertake drilling of 200 tube wells and
installation of Mark IV hand pumps in the states of Karnataka and Tamil
Nadu. Drilling of tube wells will only be taken up in specific areas where
there is acute drinking water scarcity and the underground water level is
sufficiently high and sustainable.
Perspective and capacity building: In order to strengthen understanding of
the NGOs and develop a long-term perspective on disaster mitigation, state
level workshops will be organised in all the 6 states. In addition to the
implementing partners other NGO's, support organisations and concerned
government officials will also be invited to the workshops. The overall
objective of these workshops will be to generate a synergetic effect on
drought and related issues. These workshops may also provide a platform
for undertaking advocacy work at different levels. A National level
workshop will also be organised with selected key stake holders to develop
a clear understanding and acceptance of the Humanitarian Charter and
Minimum Standards to be followed during emergencies.
The primary emphasis of CASA's relief programme will be to provide the
affected population with adequate and safe drinking water. The Food for
Community Development (FFDC) programmes will have a longer-term
perspective and will provide food to enable the community to develop
assets primarily targeted at water harvesting/storage, land development,
etc. which will mitigate the effects of future disasters. In order to
safeguard the livestock of the victims a provision has been made to
provide fodder at the appropriate time. CASA also proposes supplying seeds
and manure to small and marginal farmers to enable them to sow winter
crops at the appropriate time. These measures will check the large-scale
migration that is becoming rampant.
GOAL & OBJECTIVES
Goal
The overall goal of the project will be to minimise the adverse effects of
drought on the human and livestock population in the drought-affected
areas.
Objectives
Activities
Outputs
To reduce mass migration of people from the area
Food for Community Dev. Prog,.
1,200,000 man-days generated benefiting approximately 40,000 people
To restore livelihoods of farmers and agricultural labourers
Employment generation through construction of water harvesting structures
and FFCD programmes.
Provision of Seeds and Manure
360 tonnes of seeds distributed
24,000 tonnes of manure distributed
To contribute to health and nutrition levels to some extent
Provision of safe drinking water
Drilling of tube wells and installation of hand pumps
20 percolation tank and 20 check dams constructed in 4 states. Rajastan,
Chattisgarh , UP and MP.
66,666 people have access to potable water
200 tube wells dug and hand pumps installed in the areas in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu
To save livestock
Provision of fodder
8,332 heads of livestock
To create awareness on causes and impact of drought and capacity and
perspective building of key stake holders.
State level workshops
National level workshop
6 state level workshops
1 national level workshop
Note: It is important to note that all planned interventions are expected
to have a collective impact on reducing mass migration, increasing income
and health and creation of assets at individual and community levels.
TARGETED BENEFICIARIES
CASA will be targeting the communities most affected by the drought.
Priority will be given to the most vulnerable sections among those
affected such as women, children, the elderly, scheduled tribes and
scheduled caste categories who are generally agricultural labourers, share
croppers or small and marginal farmers comprising the bulk of the poor and
the marginalised sections of Indian society.
Criteria used in Beneficiary Selection
It will be ensured that at least one person from each family falling into
the criteria of SC and ST and/or from the category of agricultural
labourer or small and marginal farmers will be given preference for
employment. Preference will also be given to female headed households, the
handicapped and families with members who have an acute illness. In the
case of fodder and water distribution the total affected population in the
village, irrespective of caste, will be considered since the drought is
affecting the entire spectrum of society. CASA will however have to resort
to rationing of water and fodder.
The actual process of beneficiary identification will be initiated once
funding assurance is received. The main criteria will remain to cover the
worst affected Scheduled Tribes, Scheduled Caste, landless labourers,
small and marginal farmers, women, aged and handicapped. On the basis of
this criteria specific locations will be identified. The final selection
of beneficiaries will be done in a participatory manner along with CASA
staff, partners and/or NGOs operational in the proposed area. Efforts will
be made to involve local Panchayat members and the community wherever
possible. The process will be as follows:
Primary discussion amongst different stakeholders for finalisation of
draft criteria developed
Application of the criteria at the field level in consultation with the
community and Panchayat members, existing partners/NGOs (if any).
Actual identification of beneficiaries.
The process will be initiated immediately once the appeal has been
launched and there are indications of support. It is to be noted that the
beneficiaries identified will be a mixture of those who are in the direct
and bilateral programmes of CASA, others outside the area and in some
cases with absolutely no previous relationship with CASA.
Women's Needs
The heaviest burden imposed by the drought has been on the womenfolk who
now have to trek increasingly longer hours and distances in search of
water for their families and surviving livestock. They also have to look
after the food and fodder needs within the remaining time. Their needs are
of critical importance and need to be responded to as a priority.
Beneficiary Information
The following table is an estimate of the total beneficiary families. Out
of the 40,000 families expected to benefit from the FFCD programme a
substantial number will also benefit from the other activities. It is only
in the case of tube wells in the states of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka where
CASA envisages that 50 of the 200 hand pumps will be installed in
programme areas where FFCD and other interventions take place. The balance
150 hand pumps will be installed in areas suffering from acute drinking
water shortage where the water table is reasonably high and sustainable
thereby benefiting approximately 12,000 additional families. Therefore the
total beneficiary families for the programme in its totality are estimated
to be 52,000.
Activities
States
Total
Total Families
Common Families
Additional Families
1
FFCD
4
6,800 MT
40,000
0
2
Seeds
6
360MT
24,000
24,000
0
3
Manure
6
24,000MT
24,000
24,000
0
4
Fodder
4
2,000MT
8,000
8,000
0
5
Water
4
2,000 tankers
2,222
2,222
0
6
Tubewells
2
200
16,000
4,000
12,000
7
Percolation Tanks
4
20
2,000
2,000
0
8
Check Dams
4
20
800
800
0
TOTAL
12,000
PROPOSED EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE & IMPLEMENTATION
The specific objective of this intervention focuses on reducing mass
migration, restoration of livelihoods, contributing towards health and
nutrition levels, saving livestock and creating awareness as well as
discussing possible solutions amongst the partner organisations of CASA,
other NGOs and other stake-holders on the causes and consequences of
drought.
The activities identified revolve around:
provision of food grains through FFCD programmes;
creation of employment and village assets through FFCD;
construction of water harvesting structures;
providing seeds and manure to small and marginal farmers;
provision of safe drinking water;
provision of fodder for animals;
drilling of wells and installation of hand pumps;
conducting 6 state level workshops and one national level workshop to be
attended by partners, NGOs and other important stakeholders.
The activities proposed to be carried out to achieve the set objectives
are as follows:-
To reduce mass migration of people from the area:
The states identified by CASA for intervention are drought prone and
migration from these during the lean season is a normal phenomenon. People
migrate to outside areas for work after sowing their fields and return to
harvest them. However, the acute drought conditions and loss of major
percentage of crops has forced mass migration including that of the
elderly, women and children (normally staying behind) in a majority of the
cases. This is not the general characteristic of seasonal migration. The
reason for the same is lack of availability of food grains during the
current period for the family members who stay behind.
Therefore, creating employment at the village level is the most important
step in order to stop this exodus. Provision of food through FFCD
programmes and employment generation through undertaking land development,
water harvesting structures and other village infrastructure is essential.
Mass migration can be reduced only when immediate food is available for
the local people. Through this support people are encouraged to work on
individual and community assets and continue to prepare their fields for
the next crop. It will be ensured that at least one person from each
family falling within the selection criteria will be given preference for
employment. Each worker will receive 6 kg wheat or 5 kgs rice per man-day
worked. A provision has also been made for structural and other costs
related to water harvesting projects to be taken up in the four northern
states. The earthwork on these projects will however be done under FFCD.
Restoration of livelihoods of the farmers and agricultural labourers
Subsequent to the efforts to reduce mass migration in the target area, it
is important to immediately enable people to start working on restoration
of their livelihoods. The current crop has been lost, people are already
indebted to the money lenders and the seeds stored for the next crop are
being consumed for survival. It is logical that they are provided seeds
and manure at the time of sowing the next crop. Seed and manure
distribution will be done @ 5 kgs of seed and one ton of manure per acre
of land holding. This programme is meant only for small and marginal
farmers i.e. with a maximum land holding of 5 acres of un-irrigated land.
Agricultural labourers mostly dependent on local labour will also benefit
through this intervention as they would find employment within the
community in related activities.
Contributing towards health and nutrition levels
The prevailing conditions have reduced the normal calorie intake of the
people. This has specifically affected the children and women who are
considered the least important. Lack of minimum nutrition requirement
leads not only to health problems but also breeds exploitation especially
of women and children. The food grains provided through the FFCD
programmes will significantly help in maintaining minimum nutritional
requirements.
Availability of potable drinking water reduces the possibility of water
borne diseases. The project aims at addressing the issue of provision of
safe drinking water in parts of the programme area in the Northern states
during the summer of 2003. The ration of drinking water in the selected
pockets of the Northern states will be 15 litres per family. Tube wells
will be drilled in certain specific areas of the states of Tamil Nadu and
Karnataka which are facing acute drinking water scarcity and where the
water table can sustain this intervention. 200 such tube wells will be
drilled and installed MKIV hand pumps benefiting at least 16,000 families.
Drilling of tube wells:
There are certain pockets in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka which suffer from
acute drinking water scarcity in the summer months and for longer periods
in drought years. The government supply of water through tankers is mostly
inadequate and does not meet the basic needs of the people. Provision of
potable water through drilling of tube wells within the village and
installation of hand pumps would go a long way in mitigating the hardship
and suffering of the villagers specially the women and weaker sections of
the society. This programme activity under the circumstances can be
considered as an emergency intervention.
CASA will give high priority to ensuring that such a programme is avoided
in regions where the groundwater level is low and trends suggest that
there is constant decline of underground water resources.
Saving livestock
In acute drought conditions one of the consequences is the distress sale
of livestock and other movable assets of which the animal wealth comes
first. This distress sale not only brings little money to the family but
also reduces the resilience of the poor. There is past evidence of people
abandoning their livestock to forage on their own when they had no sources
for providing fodder. As a logical continuation of efforts aimed at
reducing migration, restoring livelihoods, sustaining health and nutrition
levels it is important to focus on animal health. In order to address this
objective it is proposed to provide fodder in some of the target areas in
the summer of 2003 as per need. Partner organisations will set up fodder
camps with full community participation. Livestock owners will be able to
either collect fodder or bring their animals to the camp for feeding. 8
kgs of fodder will be provided per head of cattle per day.
Awareness creation on causes and impact of drought and capacity &
perspective building of partners.
It is CASA's understanding that the issue of disaster and development
cannot be looked at in isolation in the present context where the
frequency of disasters is manifold. It is thus essential that a long term
perspective at the level of community, the Panchayat, the NGO sector and
at the policy level is developed on the basis of detailed and in-depth
analysis on the causes and consequences of drought through six state level
workshops. It is hoped that this understanding will ultimately lead to
improved perspective and better integration of drought mitigation and long
term work (present and future) of different stake holders in the programme
areas. At the National Level a workshop will be conducted to develop
understanding and acceptance of the Humanitarian Charter and Minimum
Standards to be followed in emergencies among key stake holders.
The objective of developing capacities and perspective of implementing
partners through in-depth understanding of causes and consequences of
disasters will enable them to integrate disaster mitigation in their
thinking and actions. It is important to note here that people who will be
attending this programme will, in addition to the partners and other NGOs,
also represent Panchayats and government functionaries from different
levels.
The FFCD programmes, provision of seeds and manure and the awareness
building workshops will be common to all six states. The provision of safe
drinking water, provision of fodder, water harvesting structures will not
be part of the intervention in the states of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.
Similarly drilling of bore wells and installation of hand pumps will be
limited to Tamil Nadu and Karnataka and will only be undertaken in areas
where there is significant groundwater level.
FFCD Programmes- understanding of CASA
CASA considers food to be a very important and significant input in
relief, rehabilitation and development programmes. However, the
application of FFCD programme has to be dealt with judiciously. In a
drought situation, use of food with the aim of creating employment at the
local level, improving assets and quality of land as well as developing
individual and collective water harvesting structures through
participatory process, can contribute significantly to the process of
drought mitigation. With this understanding CASA intends to use food as a
resource exclusively focusing on land development, creating water
harvesting structures and other village infrastructure with the common
ownership of the villagers.
CASA has been using the ration rate of 5 kgs wheat per man-day for many
years now. Recently a decision to increase this rate to 6 kgs. per work
day w.e.f. 2002 was decided upon taking into consideration the following:
The prescribed minimum wages for workmen undergo periodic enhancement by
the respective state governments. While the food grain provided under the
FFCD programmes is only an incentive and in no way a substitute for wages
it was felt that an increase was justified keeping in mind the all round
increase in the minimum wages and prices of essential commodities.
Both the wheat and rice provide 346 calories per 100 grams consumed. The
minimum average calorie requirements of a person is 2,500 per day. Given a
family size of 5 and considering that other food commodities would also
form part of the diet. 30 days of work would yield food for 60 to 90 days
considering some of the variables.
FFCD
Agricultural Inputs
Water Harvesting Structures
State
Wheat MT
Rice MT
Seeds MT
Manure MT
Percolation Tanks
Check Dams
Fodder MT
Water Tankers (nos)
Tube wells with hand pumps
State Level Work shops
U.P
1200
60
4000
5
5
500
500
1
Rajasthan
1200
60
4000
5
5
500
500
1
M.P.
1200
60
4000
5
5
500
500
1
Chattisgarh
1200
60
4000
5
5
500
500
1
Karnataka
1000
60
4000
100
1
Tamil Nadu
1000
60
4000
100
1
Total :
4,800
2,000
360
24000
20
20
2000
2000
200
6
Note: There will also be a National Level Workshop on the Humanitarian
Charter & Minimum Standards
Implementation Description Per Agency
CASA will be the main implementing partner and will be directly
responsible to the resource sharing partners in all respects. CASA will
supervise and monitor the working of the partners in the States and do
periodic reporting on the progress of the programme. All finances will be
received and accounted for by CASA.
The staff of the partner organisations and some designated staff of CASA
will be used for organising the various activities. Considering the spread
of the programme and intensity of work, additional staff will have to be
deployed by CASA for which budgetary provisions have been made.
Transition from the Emergency
The programme will be implemented in areas in and around the core
programme of CASA, the bilateral intervention areas and also in areas
where there is no ongoing CASA intervention. However the focus of all
these interventions will be to ensure that there are some linkages with
the work of NGOs, CASA or of some other developmental agency including
Panchayats. The focus is on developing linkages between drought and
long-term development.
ADMINISTRATION, FINANCE, MONITORING & REPORTING
Administration
CASA has worked in the area of disaster management and response for 54
years. The experiences of many drought and famine relief programmes taken
up in the past will form a platform of knowledge and experience for
implementing the proposed drought relief programme.
The CASA Delhi headquarters, with its expertise in disaster response,
logistic and emergency communications, will co-ordinate the overall
operation. The state level co-ordination in the six states will be with
the concerned Zonal/ Project offices of CASA. Co-ordination, monitoring,
consolidation of reports and accounting will be the main functions of
these co-ordinating offices.
At the field level the partner organisations have independent structures
and the Chief Functionary of each organisation will be responsible for the
co-ordination, monitoring and accountability of resources made available
to them for the implementation of the project in their area.
The CASA vehicle deployment currently in place in five of the six states
is not adequate to meet the needs of the staff intensively monitoring the
new programme activities in their existing work areas let alone in other
areas. CASA has therefore budgeted for the purchase of 5 multi-utility
four wheel vehicles and 10 motorcycles to be used by the staff exclusively
assigned to the Drought Mitigation Programme.
Finance Management and Controls
The overall financial management and control will be with the CASA
Headquarters. At the State level it will rest with the Chief Zonal
Officer/Project Co-ordinator of CASA's Zonal/Project office. At the
implementing agency level the Chief Functionaries of the partner
organisations will be responsible for financial monitoring and control.
The Zonal/Project offices of CASA have the requisite infrastructure and
personnel for continuous monitoring of each partner organisation
implementing the programme at the field level. The concerned field
officers will visit the partner organisations every fortnight and ensure
that proper procedures and accounting systems are being followed.
The field staff will report to the Chief Zonal Officer/Project
Co-ordinators who in turn will consolidate all reports and accounts of the
partner organisations in their respective states and submit the same to
the Headquarter on a monthly basis. Preparation of the consolidated
financial report of the project and the final audit of the account would
be done at the headquarters level by our appointed internal and external
auditors as per standard practise.
Quarterly consolidated progress and expenditure reports will be submitted
to ACT over the project period. A final audit will be carried out by the
audit firm Maheshwar.
Monitoring Procedures:
Monitoring of the project will be done on a regular basis through field
visits, submission of reports, staff-partner meetings and interaction with
beneficiaries. CASA and its partner organisations will ensure the active
involvement and participation of the beneficiaries in the implementation,
monitoring and evaluation of the project activities. The programme will be
constantly monitored to ensure progress according to the planned
framework, and also in order to fine-tune it as and when required, based
on field responses. Progress reports will be prepared on a regular basis.
IMPLEMENTATION TIMETABLE
The total project duration will be 10 months from its inception. An
additional period of one month is reflected under certain heads in the
budget for winding up operations.
FFCD : Mobilisation of personnel, procurement of food grain and project
planning will start immediately to be followed by programme implementation
which is expected to be completed by June 2003 i.e. before the onset of
the monsoon.
Seeds and Manure : CASA is retaining the option of distributing seeds and
manure for the winter crops (November-December 2002) and the post monsoon
crops (June-July 2003). In case certain areas experience timely and
adequate rains during winter proportionate distribution will be carried
out at that time while the balance will be distributed in the remaining
areas in time for the post monsoon sowing.
Fodder and Drinking water : it is anticipated that there may be critical
shortages of fodder and drinking water in some areas of the four selected
northern states from March onwards. Distribution has been planned
accordingly.
Tube wells : The drilling of tube wells and installation of hand pumps
will be commissioned immediately on receiving approval and the work is
expected to continue till June 2003.
Percolation tanks and Check dams : The work of planning and initiating
work on these structures will commence after the launch of the FFCD
programme. The earth work on these projects will also be done under FFCD
and will be completed prior to the rainy season while masonry and related
structural work may only be finished by July 2003.
National and State Level Workshops : These workshops will be completed by
November-December 2002.
CO-ORDINATION
Linkages with development actors working within the project area already
exist based on CASA's prior activities and NGO/church partnerships in the
area. A total of approximately 28 NGO/church partners who have played an
active role in development activities in the affected areas will implement
the programme. Furthermore, CASA will be working in co-operation with
other NGOs and will network with them to ensure a co-ordinated
implementation of its programmes as well as those implemented by other
agencies. At the district, block and Panchayat levels too, CASA will be in
constant touch with the Government authorities, local Panchayat leaders
and the NGOs. The ACT partners in India are being consulted and kept
informed of CASA plans.
BUDGET
ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE
Description Type of No of Unit Cost Budget Budget
Unit Units INR INR US$
DIRECT ASSISTANCE
Crisis Phase - Rehabilitation
Food and Non Food Relief
Wheat Ton 4,800 7,500 36,000,000 765,957
Rice Ton 2,000 9,500 19,000,000 404,255
Fodder (500 MT per state/ 4 states) Ton 2,000 1,800 3,600,000 76,596
Potable water (500 tankers/state/4) Tanker 2,000 500 1,000,000 21,277
Seeds (60 MT per states for 6 states) Ton 360 35,000 12,600,000 268,085
Manure (1MT per 3 acres) Ton 24,000 640 15,360,000 326,809
Drilling of tubewells & install. Unit 200 33,500 6,700,000 142,553
MK-IV handpumps in 2 states
Sub Total 94,260,000 2,005,532
Water Harvesting Structure
Constr percolation tanks in 4 states Unit 20 250,000 5,000,000 106,383
Constr of check dams in 4 states Unit 20 200,000 4,000,000 85,106
Sub Total 9,000,000 191,489
Perspective Building
Drought prevention Unit 6 200,000 1,200,000 25,532
& mitigation (state level workshops)
Nat W/shop Humanitarian Charter Unit 1 500,000 500,000 10,638
& minimum standards
Sub Total 1,700,000 36,170
TOTAL 104,960,000 2,233,191
MATERIAL TRANSPORT, STORAGE, WAREHOUSING AND HANDLING
Transport
Truck rental & related cost
transport of food inputs Trip 755 8,000 6,040,000 128,511
Truck rental & related cost
transport of seeds Trip 72 3,000 216,000 4,596
Storage
Rental of 6 warehouses Month 10 36,000 360,000 7,660
Handling
Labor fees loading & unloading Ton 33,160 150 4,974,000 105,830
TOTAL 11,590,000 246,596
Description Type of No of Unit Cost Budget Budget
Unit Units INR INR US$
CAPITAL EQUIPMENT
Vehicles
4 WD multi utility vehicles Number 5 700,000 3,500,000 74,468
Motorcycles Number 10 50,000 500,000 10,638
TOTAL 4,000,000 85,106
PERSONNEL, ADMINISTRATION, OPERATIONS AND SUPPORT
Staff Salaries and Support
Coordinators (6 persons) Month 11 60,000 660,000 14,043
Field officers (12 persons) Month 11 102,000 1,122,000 23,872
Support staff (6 persons) Month 10 30,000 300,000 6,383
Accountants (6 persons) Month 11 36,000 396,000 8,426
Accident and medical insurance Person 30 3,500 105,000 2,234
Travel
Local & regional travel (30 persons) Month 10 240,000 2,400,000 51,064
Out of station staff and visitors Month 10 50,000 500,000 10,638
Office operations
Office utilities (6 units) Month 10 30,000 300,000 6,383
Office stationary & supplies (6 ) Month 10 30,000 300,000 6,383
Communications
Telephone and fax (6 units) Month 10 72,000 720,000 15,319
Mobile telephony (6 units) Month 10 48,000 480,000 10,213
Vehicle Operations
Fuel & maint for 12 motorcycles Month 10 24,000 240,000 5,106
Fuel & maint for 6 utility vehicles Month 10 66,000 660,000 14,043
Vehicle insurance Unit 18 10,000 180,000 3,830
Other Costs
Promotion and visibility Month 10 40,000 400,000 8,511
TOTAL 8,763,000 186,447
AUDIT AND EVALUATION4,
Audit of ACT funds Lumpsum 50,000 1,064
Internal evaluation Lumpsum 500,000 10,638
Sub Total 550,000 11,702
TOTAL ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE 129,863,000 2,763,043
BALANCE REQUESTED FROM ACT NETWORK 129,863,000 2,763,043
Exchange Rate: USD 1 = INR 47.00 (based on LWF September 2002 internal
rate)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Action by Churches Together (ACT) is a worldwide alliance of churches and
their related agencies, meeting human need through co-ordinated emergency
response. The ACT Coordinating Office is based with the World Council of
Churches (WCC) and the Lutheran World Federation (LWF) in Switzerland.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Ecumenical Centre Phone: ++41-22-791.60.33
150, route de Ferney Fax: ++41-22-791.65.06
P.O. Box 2100 E-Mail: act@wcc-coe.org
1211 Geneva 2 Telex: 415 730 OIK CH
Switzerland http://www.act-intl.org
distributed by
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Center for International Disaster Information
Volunteers in Technical Assistance
web: www.cidi.org
listserv: www.cidi.org/listsub.htm
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
comments/suggestions/requests to incident@cidi.org