Action by Churches Together (ACT)
Appeal - Pakistan
Sindh Drought - ASPK-21
Appeal Target: US$ 151,343
Geneva,  13 December 2002


The Mirpurkhas division drought is in its fourth year and is due to the
wider climatic phenomenon affecting countries in South-Asia, the Near East
and the Greater Horn of Africa. This remote part of lower Sindh province
remains one of Pakistan's most disadvantaged regions in terms of
government priorities. 98 percent women and 67 percent men are illiterate
and immunisation coverage is less than 50 percent.

There are very few livelihood options - the majority of families depend on
cattle and agricultural production which in turn depends on the seasonal
rainfall and irrigation water. Due to frequent drought agricultural
production has been drastically reduced resulting in the reduction of
income of the poor families from livestock and agricultural produce.
Furthermore, the land is degraded due to over grazing by cattle and
indiscriminate use by its inhabitants. This has given rise to problem of
fodder shortage for animals and reduction in the quantity and quality of
agriculture production.

The water resources are a major problem in Mirpurkhas division as all
water wells are charged from the annual rainfall and canal water. Due to
the lack of rain most wells remain brackish and drinking water quality
does not meet even the minimum standards set by World Health Organisation
(WHO). A famine-like situation looms large over Sindh due to the
persisting drought and acute shortage of irrigation water. The canals are
dry and at some places even drinking water is not available.

ACT member Church World Service, Pakistan/Afghanistan (CWS-P/A) proposes
easing the situation for some of the most vulnerable families with food
packages and fodder for livestock. This is seen as a short term
intervention aiming at preventing the development of widespread famine and
stemming the mass migration. The underlying long-term problems are being
addressed through the ongoing programmes of CWS and its partners.


Project Completion Date:
31 May 2003

Summary of Appeal Targets, Pledges/Contributions Received and Balance
Requested
                                      US$
Total Appeal Target(s)               151,343
Less: Pledges/Contr. Recd.                 0
Balance Requested from ACT Network   151,343

Ms. Genevieve Jacques		Thor-Arne Prois		Robert Granke
Director			Director, ACT		Director
WCC/Cluster on Relations				LWF/World Service



REQUESTING ACT MEMBER

Church World Service Pakistan (CWS/P-A)


IMPLEMENTING ACT MEMBER & PARTNER INFORMATION

Church World Service-Pakistan/Afghanistan (CWS-P/A) is registered as an
International Non-Government Organisation (NGO) with the Government of
Pakistan. The organisation has been operational with its relief and
development initiatives in Pakistan and Afghanistan since 1954.  It is a
regional office of Church World Service-USA. CWS-P/A has offices in
Lahore, Murree, Mansehra, Islamabad, Kabul and Jalalabad with the head
office in Karachi. CWS-P/A works with both faith-based and secular
organisations, on pre and post disaster management and development
aspects, for improvement of the quality of life of underprivileged
communities.

Over the past few decades the organisation has striven to enhance access
of the impoverished to basic amenities, such as potable water, food,
health, shelter, education etc. Efforts have been focused on increasing
participation of such families in the development process, for
establishment of a democratic civil society and bridging the gap between
policy makers and development implementers. CWS adheres to the belief that
communities themselves must set the agenda for change. This approach
encourages equal and even growth in communities.

In the early part of 2001 CWS assisted 1,500 of the most vulnerable
families in Afghanistan with food for work and cash for work. CWS also
assisted IDPs in Afghanistan and Afghan refugees in Pakistan with a
livelihood support program. 8,000 families were assisted with food
packages while 7,850 families were temporarily sheltered through a shelter
assistance program in liaison with NPO, CCA and Shuhada organisations. CWS
is also presently supporting women's livelihood improvement programs in
Kabul and a house reconstruction program in Shomali with NPO/RRAA and
Shuhada as implementing partners.


Description of Implementing Partners

Participatory Village Development Program: The Participatory Village
Development Program was formed in 1997 in response to a growing need for
improving the natural resource base with which the livelihood of 90 % of
the people in Thar Desert is linked. The six years of rural development
experience of PVDP organisers in Thar showed that no serious development
work was being done either by the government or private organisations on
addressing the problems of natural resource degradation in Thar. Due to
this problem, the poverty and vulnerability of people in Thar has
increased over time. The rapid growth in human and animal population in
Thar in the last 40 years had contributed to the degradation of natural
resources.

The PVDP therefore took upon itself a challenge to mobilise the community
in its project area to improve the natural resource base. This includes
improving the water resources, fodder availability and livestock
management. Various activities were designed in the last three years to
address the natural resource degradation problems in PVDP area. Until the
end of 2000, PVDP had been working in 20 villages through organised groups
of men and women belonging to two major religious groups of Muslims and
Hindus.

The PVDP has been a partner of CWS P/A for the past 5 years.  At present
it has 10 trained staff members of whom four are field workers, three are
in the office.


Lower Sindh Rural Development Association (LSRDA) - The Lower Sindh Rural
Development Association is a non-governmental community based organisation
which was founded in 1975 and registered in 1998 under the Societies Act.
The LSRDA has been a partner of CWS P/A for the last 27 years.

LSRDA's main aim is to support rural communities - landless tenants mostly
from minority Hindu background to reorganise themselves and be self
reliant.  To achieve this aim it has taken an integrated rural development
approach initiating different community based activities such as
agriculture extension, basic health care & sanitation, micro-saving &
credit, girl child education, community mobilisation and human resource
development. At present LSRDA is working with 65 rural communities of
Mirpurkhas division which is one of the most backward areas of Sindh
province. The major problems faced by these communities are drought,
exploitation by landlords, illiteracy, lack of basic facilities such as
clean drinking water, health and sanitation, overpopulation and debt.
LSRDA has its main office at Rattanabad near the town of Mirpurkhas and
base unit at Naukot.



DESCRIPTION of the EMERGENCY SITUATION

Background Information on Mirpurkhas Division

Mirpurkhas Division has an area of about 46,000 km2 and lies in the
south-eastern arid zone of Sindh Province. It is bound on the eastern side
by the border with India and in the north and west by Hyderabad Division.
Mirpurkhas Division comprises three districts Mirpurkhas, Umerkot and
Tharparkar. These districts are divided into 12 units (known as Talukas)
which are further divided into union councils and dehs (village clusters).

The population of Mirpurkhas Division is estimated at about two million.
Of these about 70 % are Muslims and 30% are Hindus. The main language of
the division is Sindhi which is an official language spoken and written by
the majority of the Hindu and Muslim population. Mirpurkhas Division has
three districts Mirpurkhas district, Umerkot district and Thar District.
District Umerkot and Thar are a continuation of the Rajisthan Desert in
the adjoining part of India and consist mostly of undulating sand dunes
while Mirpurkhas district is mostly plain and irrigated area. There are
wide fluctuations in the amount of rainfall from year to year and the
yearly average in some areas is as low as 100 mm. Most of the rain in the
area falls between July and September, during the south-west monsoon, and
is often concentrated in a period of two to three days. After rainfall the
pasturelands regenerate and subsoil aquifers are replenished. But after
February, when the dry period starts, the pastureland gets overgrazed and
in many areas, the subsoil water is depleted and begins to get saline.
Sweet water is scarce throughout Mirpurkhas Division. Drought is a
recurring phenomenon and usually there is no rain for two to three
successive years. Currently there has not been sufficient rain for the
past four years.


Thar and Umerkot Districts

The soil is generally infertile and because of severe wind erosion, over
blown with sand. Vegetation consists mostly of stunted scrub and bush
although hardy trees such as kundi (Cineraria) do occasionally dot the
landscape.  The main natural ground cover is provided by grasses, which
are nutritive and palatable fodder. A variety of livestock, from cattle to
goats and sheep survive on this. Recent years have seen a massive increase
in the population of livestock in general and of hardy goats in particular
which has been the main cause of overgrazing of the pasturelands.

It is established that there are about 4 million animals in Thar and
Umerkot. The current figure represents an increase of almost 800 percent
over two decades and an increase of about 215 percent over the last 12
years. This incredible growth in the livestock population has come as a
result of the rural populations need for cash. However, the increase in
livestock has severely overburdened the existing pasturelands and the Thar
and Umerkot districts are becoming desert.


Mirpurkhas District

The soil is generally fertile and plain but due to shortage of irrigation
water 60% has become barren and saline. Vegetation consists mostly of
fruit gardens, local trees and vegetation but which are fast diminishing
due to shortage of irrigation water. Mirpurkhas district, which was famous
for its mangoes and chillies, is moving towards a barren landscape.
Mirpurkhas district is currently facing severe drought conditions with 75%
canals dry and agriculture totally destroyed leaving 60% of landless
farmer's jobless.


Social Economy

This remote part of lower Sindh province remains one of Pakistan's most
disadvantaged regions in terms of government priorities.  98 percent women
and 67 percent men are illiterate and immunisation coverage is less than
50 percent.  There is also scarcity of infrastructure such as roads and
electricity and logistics are difficult.

Due to lack of rainfall outside of the monsoon season, farmers in
Mirpurkhas Division have seldom produced more than one crop per year. From
time immemorial, Thari`s (people from the desert area) have migrated along
with their animals to the barrage areas in the dry season, or in periods
of drought, to work as farm labourers. This migration was primarily for
the feeding and watering of animals, the selling of dairy products and for
surviving drought conditions. Between 1987 and 1992, however, motivated by
the need of cash, increasing numbers of Thari`s began to migrate from the
desert to urban areas for work as masons, tailor/masters in garment
factories, domestic servants, labour in sugar factories and as employees
in government departments. This has led to the introduction of a
remittance economy in the desert and increasing lack of interest in
agriculture. The migration of Thari`s to irrigated areas of Mirpurkhas
district, which was already affected by the drought, has increased the
miseries of the people as there is not enough work and many remain
jobless.

The fall in the importance of agriculture has also been fuelled by the
desertification caused by overgrazing of land and by the collapse of the
feudal structures that built and maintained traditional water harvesting
infrastructures such as the tarais (rain-fed ponds), wells and
embankments.

Other than sale of livestock, there are only limited opportunities for
income generation in the rural areas and the ones that do exist are in
carpet weaving, shawl making and handicraft production by women. However,
crafts people are entirely dependent on exploitative middlemen for
financing the production of and marketing their artisan produce and as
consequence the vast majority of Thari`s are severely in debt to
moneylenders with little possibility of repaying their debts.


Current situation

The Mirpurkhas division drought is in its fourth year and is due to the
wider climatic phenomenon affecting countries in South-Asia, the near east
and the greater horn of Africa. In South Asia the drought originates from
the Greater Rajistan Desert in India and moves towards Mirpurkhas
division, Cholistan and Baluchistan in Pakistan and then extends to
Afghanistan.

The frequency and intensity of the rains in Mirpurkhas Division varies
significantly in terms of area and time. In last three years the central
part of Mirpurkhas division, locally called Dhat, had better rains ranging
from 186 to 210 mm with frequency varying between 2-4 times per year. The
Muhrano and Samroti, the north-western part of Mirpurkhas division,
received rains high in intensity some times up to 250 mm but less
frequently. The south-eastern part of Mirpurkhas Division known as
NagarParker had average showers with a frequency 2-3 times per year. It is
thus evident that the rainfall in respective zones of Mirpurkhas Division
is not uniform.


Social Migration

In the Mirpurkhas division 42 percent of households possess an average of
14 acres of land. The remainder holds between 12 and 13 acres per
household as ¼ share croppers to secure a subsistence harvest. The
majority of such a population comprises the Bheel and Kolhi tribes.
Between February and June (the pre-monsoon dry season) they regularly
migrate with their herds and families to the irrigated areas for seasonal
labour. There they exchange labour (wheat harvesting and cotton picking)
for feed for their animals and surplus cash. Sometimes, in a scarce year,
they also take the animals of upper castes who do not migrate themselves,
for the compensation in cash on a lump sum basis. One can safely assume
that in normal years 15 percent of the population migrates in the
sugarcane harvesting and cotton picking seasons. In certain area such as
Nagarparkar where there is a large Kohli population, and in certain parts
of Chachro Talukas where there are water problems, migration can be as
high as 70 percent in the dry season. As the monsoon starts these people
move back and cultivate the lands, mostly on a crop sharing basis.

Another factor that distinguishes the migration in drought from the normal
migration is the movement of people who possess land and livestock and
never otherwise migrate. This portion comprises 42 percent of the total
population and signifies not only an increase in the overall migration
rate but also a calamity that has forced them to put aside their
traditional and social status, for the sake of subsistence.


Loans and interest rates

Also in normal years the people in Mirpurkhas division often take loans in
the dry season and repay in the harvesting season in cash, kind or labour.
The main reasons for taking a loan includes household expenditures (50 %)
medicines (40 %), marriages and funerals (10 %). The major sources include
shopkeepers (34 %), moneylenders (27 %), neighbours (12 %) and landlords
(11 %). The shopkeeper usually extends borrowing in kind with profit
charges, which are 3-5 % higher than the market rates. In the harvest
season they collect crops at a rate much lower than the market. The
landlords on other hand extend the loan to the loanee (mostly the
share-cropper) at the time of sowing the crops. In the harvest season the
loanee offers crops for lower rates to repay this advance. Some
moneylenders and landlords indulge in an insidious loan practice through
charging interest rates of 3 to 5 % a month and keeping intact the
principle amount loaned. This practice becomes a vicious circle entrapping
the poor and landless into a never ending cycle of indebtedness and
exploitation.

In times of drought the practice of taking out loans becomes quite
different from the normal pattern.  The current drought has caused an
increase in loan sizes ranging from Rs. 5,000 up to Rs. 50,000, mostly for
consumption purposes. The people deprived of cash crops start mortgaging
their assets. When shopkeepers are reluctant to give any further loans the
middlemen fully exploit the situation by increasing the interest rates up
to 15 percent depending on the situation of the loanee and the general
situation of the area.


The scale of availability of irrigation water

A famine-like situation looms large over Sindh due to the persisting
drought and acute shortage of irrigation water. The canals are dry and at
some places even drinking water is not available. Though the government
has announced the closure of canals in Punjab to divert water for Sindh,
the people do not believe in such announcements as similar pledges have
been made in the past but remained unfulfilled.

A survey conducted revealed that during the last 365 days water was
supplied merely for an average of 80 days. The Left Bank Outfall Drain
(LBOD) tube wells have added to the problem as the LBOD authorities kept
these tube wells in operation to prove their performance to donors without
keeping in mind the present drought-like conditions. This resulted in a
drastic lowering of the water table which caused wells and hand pumps at
shallow depths to dry up.

Water situation at the drought area in Tharparkar

In the drought stricken areas potable water is barely available and more
often than not the available water is contaminated. The drinking water in
the wells has slowly decreased because there has been little or no
recharge from the rain over the years. Most of the shallow wells of
Nagarparkar and Khaouar (Taluka and Chachro) area have completely dried
up. The water level in deep water wells has reduced to such an extent that
it has become salty and unfit for human consumption. However, the
government is attempting to take care of the water needs of the drought
affected population.



Statement of Problem

There are very few livelihood options - the majority of families depend on
the cattle and agricultural production which in turn depends on the
seasonal rainfall and irrigation water. Due to frequent drought and land
degradation agricultural production has been drastically reduced resulting
in the reduction of income of the poor families from livestock and
agricultural produce.

The land is badly degraded due to over grazing by cattle and
indiscriminate use by its inhabitants. This has given rise to problem of
fodder shortage for animals and reduction in the quantity and quality of
agriculture production. Due to overgrazing and the cutting of trees and
bushes the land is heading towards desertification.

The huge number of cattle far exceeds the carrying capacity of the grazing
land. There is no livestock management system in place - the notion widely
acclaimed by the community, is that the one who has the largest number of
cattle is a fortunate man and claims the highest respect in the community.

No fodder development program for the large number of animals. There is no
initiative by government or private organisations for development of
livestock fodder. Cattle owners suffer huge losses particularly in dry and
drought years. Previously people used to stock crop residues and grasses
for dry and drought years, but many people are not continuing with this
useful practice.

The water resources are very limited and the available deep well water is
brackish creating water borne health hazards. Water is a major problem in
Mirpurkhas division. All water wells are charged from the annual rainfall
& canal water, however, most wells remain brackish and drinking water
quality does not meet even the minimum standards set by World Health
Organisation (WHO).

Many of the health problems in women are linked to reproductive health.
Multiple deliveries coupled with poor diet and no proper health care take
their toll.

The overall level of education is very poor, with less than 2 % women
literacy against 10-12 % literacy among men.  Religious edict and
tradition bar girls from studying in boys' schools.



Locations for proposed assistance

The implementing partners are working in 110 villages of Mirpurkhas
Division. This division consists of 4 districts.

Mirpurkhas (50 villages)
Tharparkar (60 villages)
Sanghar
Umerkot

The villages have been selected by the implementing partners through a
strict monitoring and co-ordination system with the local authorities and
NGOs.



GOALS & OBJECTIVES

Goal

The overall goal is to supply urgently needed food and fodder to 1,500 of
the most vulnerable families affected by the prolonged drought in 110
villages of Mirpurkhas Division.


Objectives
To assist  1,500 families in 110 villages with food packages
To assist 1,500 families in 110 villages with fodder for their livestock



TARGETED BENEFICIARIES

Criteria in beneficiary selection

1,500 vulnerable drought affected families in the Mirpurkas Division will
be selected with special consideration to:

Families who have suffered from the loss of crops and livestock

Those whose drinking water sources have dried up or are severely reduced

Those whose irrigation water sources have dried up or severely reduced

Drought affected women/disabled headed families with no land or loss of
crops

Drought affected families with malnourished children

Female headed families

Families with no source of income

Families who possess livestock (in the case of the fodder package)




PROPOSED EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE & IMPLEMENTATION

Assisting the vulnerable families with food and with fodder for the
animals is seen as one of the important priorities. There is acute
shortage of food in the villages and people have started taking only one
or two meals a day and the composition of meals have changed. Furthermore,
the prices of basic food items have increased in the market and are out of
the reach of the common man.  The supply of fodder has become extremely
limited and livestock are being sold in the market at very low prices.


Food Distribution of Food Packages

Wheat flour (Ata) is an essential item of the normal family food basket
and should therefor be included in the food package. A monthly ration of
50 kg of wheat per family is necessary. In addition 25 kg oil and 15 kg
pulses will also be included in the package. Total costs per month in line
with the items are:

Wheat 50 kg per family @ Rs.15 per kg	Rs.   750.00
Cooking oil 25 per family @ Rs. 65 per kg	Rs. 1,625.00
Pulse 15 kg per family @ Rs. 40 per kg	Rs.   600.00
Total per family	Rs. 2,975.00



Fodder Distribution

Each family will receive for their livestock 100 kg of concentrated fodder
(Sukhrana), costing @ Rs.15 per kg.



Implementation

The CWS Disaster Response Programme staff will assist the implementing
partners PVDP and LSRDA with the implementation of the emergency programme
as working in the Thar Desert in particular is very time consuming. The
village Development Committees in each village will be made responsible
for the actual distribution with PVDP & LSRDA staff. Consideration was
given to the staff capacity to implement and monitor these activities with
full community participation.

The planning of these activities is done on the basis of meetings held
with the communities. The organised groups in each village will continue
to be informed and involved in the implementation. To finalise the
planning of the actual distribution and the final selection of families,
meetings will be held with local authorities and community leaders. Such
meetings will be further called by the implementing partner whenever
needed. The objective of such meetings is to ensure that the affected
communities are involved in all stages of the planning and implementing of
the project.

Before the actual distribution, the CWS team verifies the beneficiaries
list. After completion of the distribution the beneficiary names are again
checked and compared with the master list.

Procurement will be in accordance with the CWS-P/A procurement guidelines.
There will be an invitation of tenders to ensure that several quotations
are received to determine the best supplier for the required items.
Besides the price there are other factors taken into consideration
including: quality, after sales service (if applicable), speed of
delivery, local benefits to the economy and small businesses, etc.

Training: to ensure proper implementation a workshop will be held to train
staff on live stock, report writing and SPHERE.

Further activities implemented are:
Review of supplier's documents
Issue work order
Procurement of materials
Transportation of materials to partners godown
Distribution of packages to the selected families
Monitoring and follow up
Evaluation
Documentation



Impact of the Project

It is expected that the proposed emergency intervention will

prevent the development of widespread famine and to save lives

prevent further deterioration of the health and nutrition status of the
most affected groups

stem the increasing flow of mass migration to urban areas and other rural
areas.



Transition from Emergency

These project areas have been suffering from drought for several years and
this intervention is proposed to responds to immediate the needs only. The
underlying longer term problems are being addressed through the ongoing
programmes of CWS partners PVDP and LRSD.




ADMINISTRATION, FINANCE, MONITORING & REPORTING

Administration

In collaboration with the implementing partner the disaster response
program of CWS-P/A will be responsible for monitoring, reviewing and
reporting of the program. The disaster response monitoring team will not
only ensure the effectiveness of the program but also whether it is
carried out according to schedule.

To ensure smooth running of the project CWS-P/A staff are present along
with the implementing member staff. For this CWS will set up a small
office ate the premises of one of the implementing partners in Mirpurkas.
One desk top computer and printer will be needed to equip this office. The
CWS staff will travel twice a month to the field. The technical officer
will provide technical support and service to the equipment used in the
field.

Due to the combined implementation and monitoring support provided by CWS
disaster response staff it was difficult to fully separate the operational
costs from the support administration costs.



Monitoring

Monitoring will be carried out by LSRDA, PVDP and CWS to see how the
implementation of the work is carried out and whether all the procedures
are being followed. A joint report will be made after the visits.

The evaluation will be done at the end of the activities by CWS-P/A. A
visit will be carried out to see whether the expected results have been
achieved. Also to see what quality of work has been done and whether all
the agreed procedures have been followed.



Finance and Reporting

CWS-P/A uses a double entry financial system. At the end of the project
the finance officer will carry out an internal audit.  An external audit
will be carried out after completion of the project.  The auditors are:
Ford, Rhodes, Robson, Marrow a member of Ernst & Young International Ltd.

CWS-P/A will be responsible for the financial and narrative reports in
accordance with the ACT guidelines.



IMPLEMENTATION TIME TABLE

The project will be implemented over a period of 6 months, starting
December 2002 and ending 31 May, 2003.



CO-ORDINATION

CWS-P/A and its partners are members of the Indus NGO Network (INN) and
will also co-ordinate with other international and local NGOs working in
same area for effective implementation. Co-ordination with the government
takes place at several levels, starting at the local level. This programme
is also co-ordinated with local Catholic Diocese and the Hyderabad Diocese
(a member of ACT member NCC-Pakistan).



BUDGET

ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE

Description	Type of	No of	Unit Cost	Budget	Budget
	Unit	Units	Rupees	Rupees	US$
Direct Assistance: Food
Wheat 	Kg	1,500	750	1,125,000	19,303
Cooking Oil 	Kg	1,500	1,625	2,437,500	41,823
Pulse	Kg	1,500	600	900,000	15,443
Sub total				4,462,500	76,569

Fodder
Fodder	Kg	1,500	1,500	2,250,000	38,606

Training and development
Training workshop	workshop	1	50,000	50,000	858

Project staff PVDP & LSRDA
Coordinator (2)	Months 	6	20,000	120,000	2,059
Project Officer (2)	Months 	6	15,000	90,000	1,544
Field Officer (2) 	Months 	6	12,000	72,000	1,235
Finance Officer (2) 	Months a	6	15,000	90,000	1,544
Sub total 				372,000	6,383

Material Transport, Storage, Warehousing, Handling
Transportation of goods	Months 	12	20,000	240,000	4,118

Capital Equipment
Desktop 	unit	1	75,000	75,000	1,287
Printer	unit	1	15,000	15,000	257
Sub total 				90,000	1,544

Personnel, Administration, Operations & Support
CWS P/A Staff
Coordinator 	Months 	6	20,000	120,000	2,059
Project Officer 	Months 	6	15,000	90,000	1,544
Field Officer 	Months 	6	12,000	72,000	1,235
Finance Officer 	Months 	6	15,000	90,000	1,544
Technical Officer 	Months 	6	12,000	72,000	1,235
Benefits and Allowances	percentage			53,378	890
Sub total				497,378	8,508

Staff Travel
CWS Travel twice per month	visit	12	20,000	240,000	4,118
CWS Staff boarding and lodging 	Months 	6	20,000	120,000	2,059
Sub total				360,000	6,177

Office Operations
Stationery and Supplies 	Months 	6	10,000	60,000	1,030
Equipment maintenance & utilities	Months 	6	33,334	200,004	3,432
Sub total				260,004	4,461

Communications
Telephone / Fax / electr.mail	Months 	6	10,000	60,000	1,030

Description	Type of	No of	Unit Cost	Budget	Budget
	Unit	Units	Rupees	Rupees	US$
Vehicle Operations
Maintenance of 1 jeep	Months 	6	20,000	120,000	2,059

Audit & Evaluation
Audit	lumpsum	 	60,000	60,000	1,030

TOTAL BUDGET 				8,821,882	151,343

Exchange Rate:  58.28 Rupee = US$1.


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Action by Churches Together (ACT) is a worldwide alliance of churches and
their related agencies, meeting human need through co-ordinated emergency
response.  The ACT Coordinating Office is based with the World Council of
Churches (WCC) and the Lutheran World Federation (LWF) in Switzerland.
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