U.S. AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
BUREAU FOR DEMOCRACY, CONFLICT, AND HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE (DCHA)
OFFICE OF U.S. FOREIGN DISASTER ASSISTANCE (OFDA)
CENTRAL ASIA TASK FORCE
CENTRAL ASIA REGION - Complex Emergency
Situation Report #10, Fiscal Year (FY) 2002    December 7, 2001


Note: this Situation Report updates previous Central Asia Task Force
Situation Reports and Fact Sheets.  New information is italicized.

BACKGROUND

Prior to September 2001, two decades of war in Afghanistan, including a
decade-long Soviet occupation and ensuing civil strife, left Afghanistan
impoverished and mired in an extended humanitarian crisis.  Government
infrastructure, including the ability to deliver the most basic health,
education, and other social services, collapsed.  Significant local and
national resources were directed to the war effort.  Severe restrictions
by the Taliban, which controlled as much as 90% of the country, including
a restriction on women working outside the home, added to the impact of
poverty, particularly on the many households lacking able-bodied adult
men.

Humanitarian prospects worsened sharply in Afghanistan in September 2001
due to developments both inside and outside the country.  Fears of a U.S.
reprisal to the attacks of September 11 triggered a population exodus from
major Afghan cities, both towards other points in Afghanistan and towards
the country's borders.  The beginning of U.S. air strikes on October 7
caused additional movement.  International staff of all relief agencies
withdrew after September 11, complicating the delivery of humanitarian
assistance.  Even prior to September 11, there were signs that relations
between the international community and the Taliban were worsening
significantly.  These new developments added to an existing crisis of
extensive displacement stemming from civil conflict and a debilitating
three-year drought.

Afghanistan:  Numbers Affected
Total population (CIA Factbook)	26,813,057
Refugees Since September 11, 2001 (UNHCR)
   Pakistan   135,000
   Iran       Unknown
Refugees Since September 2000 (UNHCR)
   Pakistan   152,000

Old Caseload Refugees (UNHCR)
   Iran       1,500,000
   Pakistan   2,000,000
Internally Displaced (U.N.)
   Since September 11, 2001   180,000
   Since 2000     1,100,000
   Old caseload   1,000,000


Total FY 2001/2002 U.S. Government (USG) Assistance to Afghanistan**
$364,828,498

Total FY 2001/2002 USG Assistance to Tajikistan $88,208,180



CURRENT SITUATION

Overview

Food aid shipments into Afghanistan are reaching target levels, although
insecurity has blocked distribution to beneficiaries in certain areas.
International relief presence has increased gradually, with
Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) active in all cities except Kandahar
and United Nations (UN) representatives operating in Herat, Kabul,
Jalalabad, and Faizabad.  The security situation in Mazar-e Sharif is
volatile, and some aid agencies are avoiding rural areas due to security
concerns.


Political/Military

On December 5, the UN-sponsored conference on the future political
landscape in Afghanistan produced an "Agreement on Provisional
Arrangements in Afghanistan Pending the Re-establishment of Permanent
Government Institutions."  Leaders in Afghanistan are demonstrating
varying degrees of support for the Agreement.  On December 7, press
reports stated that Taliban forces had ceded control of Spin Buldak and
Kandahar to opposition forces.  It is not yet clear how quickly or
effectively this transition of authority will take place.  Fighting
continues in the eastern region around Jalalabad.


Security

The security landscape continues to dictate how well relief efforts are
able to reach affected populations.  Access is good in areas around Herat
and Faizabad, where food and non-food aid shipments make regular supply
and expatriate staff supervise efforts. NGO and International Organization
(IO) representatives are also conducting programs in Kabul and Jalalabad,
where security conditions within the cities during the day are permissive.
Security outside a 30- kilometer radius of Kabul is less certain, however,
according to NGOs operating in the city.

On December 4, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) reported that
two vehicles were fired upon while traveling in Pakistan near the
Afghanistan border.  There were no injuries reported.  UNHCR suspended
activities in the area until December 8.

NGO reports from Mazar-e Sharif indicate that the security situation there
is volatile but permissive.  Several NGOs are operating in the city,
although few are operating outside of the city.  The UN Security
Coordinator (UNSECOORD) office has completed a security assessment of the
road from Andhkvoi to Mazar-e Sharif.  No UN agencies are operating in
Mazar-e Sharif yet, however, UNSECOORD plans to conduct a re-assessment of
the security situation tomorrow to determine whether UN international
staff may return to the city.  The restricted access to Mazar-e Sharif is
limiting the response to needs in the area, as described in the "Regional
Updates"  section below.

The reported surrender of Kandahar and Spin Buldak to opposition groups
opens the possibility for increased relief access to the area, however the
terms of the surrender remain to be determined.  In addition, concern over
mines and unexploded ordinance in the area may limit relief efforts in the
near-term.


Food Aid and Logistics

Overview.  Total food flows continue to be high after two weeks of
depressed cross-border movements from November 13 to 24.  Cross-border
shipments in Afghanistan in November totaled 55,601 metric tons (MT),
exceeding the goal for the month in spite of the obstructions that
followed November 13.  While shipments to accessible areas are high, large
areas are still not being serviced due to security concerns.  Priorities
for current logistics operations include establishing winter stocks in the
Hazarajat/Central Highlands region and in the Takhar and Badakshan
provinces in the northeast; improving access to Mazar-e Sharif and
surrounding areas; and opening access to Kandahar.  The World Food Program
(WFP) plans to deliver 100,000 MT of food into Afghanistan during
December.


Current WFP Food Aid Stocks

Location     Quantity (MT)     Beneficiaries
Afghanistan     24,011           2,881,341
Regional        35,853           4,302,405
Pakistan         3,816             457,940
Total Stocks    63,681


(From WFP's Afghanistan Regional Emergency Daily Situation Report 12/07)

Northeast region.  Inclement weather has interrupted the airlift from
Kulyab, Kyrgyzstan to Faizabad for several days over the past week.  227
MT of wheat has been airlifted into Faizabad to date, out of a total 2,000
MT intended for delivery by this route.  Deliveries are also taking place
via road.  Truck convoys from Osh, Kyrgyzstan arrive daily.  The delivery
of food has been slowed somewhat because many short-haul commercial trucks
in Faizabad sought better business opportunities in Kabul, leaving the
long-haul convoys to distribute foods to local warehouses directly.

Northern region.  The barge operation across the Amu Darya at Termez
resumed after two weeks of suspension due to insecurity in Afghanistan.
A UN assessment of the Hairaton port, where the barges are unloaded for
distribution in Mazar-e Sharif and the surrounding area, determined that
the route could reopen.  On December 7 the first barge carrying 265 MT was
dispatched and another barge was loaded for dispatch on December 8.  The
food will be moved directly from the barges to trucks for distribution to
relief organizations operating in the area.

WFP intends to deliver the first shipment of wheat to Kunduz, where 100 MT
of wheat delivered by truck from Tajikistan has recently provided the
first food aid to the city since early September.  Additional food
shipments will be delivered to Mazar-e Sharif and the surrounding area.
WFP has been conducting food distributions in Mazar-e Sharif through the
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).  However, these
distributions were only reaching 15,000 of the estimated 250,000 people in
need of food assistance.

The closure of the Friendship Bridge at Termez has long been an obstacle
to rapid movement of food aid into Afghanistan.  An engineering assessment
of the Friendship Bridge conducted this week with the support of the US
Government determined that the bridge was sound.  On December 6, the
President of Uzbekistan indicated that the Friendship Bridge at Termez
would be opened shortly.

There are also plans underway to open a second crossing at Nizhniy Pyandzh
in Tajikistan.  The governments of Germany, Russia and Tajikistan are
coordinating a pontoon platform crossing to provide truck access to
northern Afghanistan.

Operational support of these river crossings has been hampered by local
government administrative constraints.  On December 1 the Government of
Tajikistan lifted its requirement that NGOs obtain a special permit to
cross the border into Afghanistan, thereby reducing the time required to
cross the border by approximately five days.  However, the Government of
Uzbekistan issued a requirement that all expatriates, including both
diplomatic and humanitarian personnel, obtain a special visa to enter
Termez, which is a major hub for food deliveries into Afghanistan.

Central region.  WFP has made it a main priority to establish adequate
stocks in the Hazarajat region before the winter begins.  As of December
6, WFP has delivered 68% of the 33,228 MT of the stocks needed for the
winter months.  WFP aims to complete delivery of this amount by December
10, and distribute all of the food to implementing partners by December
22.  In order to accomplish this, WFP has been shipping food into the
region south from Turkmenistan and west from Peshawar, through Kabul and
Bamian.

The northern corridor through Turkmenistan has experienced a large
increase in commodities traffic, including 15,000 MT of wheat purchased by
WFP with USAID/OFDA funds in Kazakhstan and the first shipments of 34,500
MT of wheat donated by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) currently
being off-loaded in Iran.  The western corridor has provided less reliable
shipments due to security concerns on the road between Kabul and Bamian,
but WFP has announced that convoys are now transiting through that route
cautiously.

Western region.  Food has been arriving at Herat from Turkmenistan with
little interruption, and non- food items have been arriving from Iran.
The 65,000 MT USDA donation includes 5,000 MT to be shipped through
Mashhad, Iran to Herat and the Hazarajat.

To buttress food supplies to Badghis and Ghor provinces, WFP is sending
12,000 MT of food from Turkemenabad to Torghunda by rail. From Torghunda
the food will be loaded onto trucks for delivery to affected districts.
WFP estimates that the food needs in both provinces is 21,800 MT for
436,000 people over the next 6 months. According to WFP half of that
requirement has been delivered to the area to date.

Southern region.  Intense conflict around Kandahar has prohibited food aid
shipment to and through the city since November 12.  The USAID Office of
Food for Peace (USAID/FFP) funded airlift from Quetta to Osh, Kyrgyzstan
finished on December 4.  The airlift transported food intended for
northern Afghanistan to regional hubs in Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan for
shipment south into Afghanistan.  Beginning December 3, WFP was able to
conduct a distribution to 60,000 internally displaced people (IDPs) around
Spin Buldak through implementing partners.  However, there have been no
deliveries to, or assessments of, the estimated 238,000 vulnerable people
in and around Kandahar since November 12.

Reports of an agreement between Taliban forces and opposition groups have
raised hopes of reopening access to the city.  On December 7 WFP reported
that it is prepared to deliver food stocks currently in Quetta, Pakistan
to Kandahar as soon as security permits.

Eastern region.  The border crossing a Torkham, which was closed by Afghan
commanders on November 29, reopened as of December 3.  Subsequent
shipments into and through Kabul have proceeded regularly.

WFP completed the registration of families for the one-time general
distribution of 50 kg of wheat in Kabul. The distribution will start on
December 8 and will benefit 200,000 families. Radio stations have begun to
broadcast the location of distribution points.


Regional Updates

Countrywide. The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
(UNOCHA) had operated seven Regional Coordinating Bodies (RCBs) in
Afghanistan prior to September 11 in order to coordinate the delivery of
humanitarian assistance at the local level.  Local and international NGOs,
IOs and donors have participated in the RCBs.  The RCBs in Kabul, Faizabad
and Herat have resumed operations.  The RCB in Bamiyan in scheduled to
reopen soon, while the remaining three RCBs are operating for alternate
locations:  the Jalalabad RCB in now in Peshawar; the Mazar-e Sharif RCB
is in Termez; and the Kandahar RCB is located in Quetta.

Residents' purchasing power for wheat is increasing in Jalalabad, Herat
and Faizabad.  Access to wheat continues to decrease, however, in Kabul.
Second- hand reports from Kandahar indicate that food prices there have
increased dramatically, making the situation even more difficult for the
238,000 IDPs that have not been reached by aid agencies for the last three
weeks.

Northern region. The situation in Mazar-e Sharif remains volatile.
However, UNHCR reports that 8 NGOs now have international staff in the
city, including ICRC, MSF, GOAL, ACTED, SCF/US, German Agroaction,
Solidarites, and the Swedish Committee.

IRC distributed 25 tons of BP5 high-energy biscuits funded by USAID/OFDA
in Mazar-e Sharif.  Conditions in the city are described by NGOs as dire.

The International Organization for Migration (IOM)  reported that some 177
people, mostly children, died of hunger and exposure in Baghe Sherkat camp
near Kunduz. Prior to September 11 IOM had registered 2,800 families in
the camp. An IOM shipment of commodities will be arriving in Kunduz today
for distribution to the IDPs in Baghe Sherkat.  IOM reported that another
25 tons of BP5 biscuits funded by USAID/OFDA is on its way to Kunduz from
Tajikistan.

Northeastern region.  WFP restarted a food-for- education pilot project in
Faizabad where 328 MT of wheat is being distributed in schools to benefit
5,178 boys, 5,250 girls, 656 teachers, and 46 service workers. This USG
funded program is part of the Global Food for Education Initiative,
initiated by Senator McGovern and is partially funded by USDA.

The World Health Organization (WHO) restarted its literacy, maternal
health and nutrition training programs in Faizabad.

Eastern region. UNHCR completed their distribution of winter emergency
kits to 10,500 people inside Kabul.

WHO completed an assessment of 72 health facilities in Kabul, finding that
all are in urgent need of rehabilitation, re-supply of medicine and
equipment.  The assessment also confirmed that the health facilities are
understaffed, indicating that there are 75 percent fewer personnel than in
2000.

UNHCR reports that the major Nijni Pyandj-Shirkhan Bandar river crossing
between Tajikistan and Afghanistan was opened and barges of humanitarian
aid were scheduled to cross en route to Kabul during this weekend.

Western region. The number of IDPs entering Herat province from the
drought-affected areas of Ghor and Badghis remains uncertain.
Conflicting reports have been received from various NGOs regarding daily
arrivals with some reporting 500-1,000 daily arrivals and others reporting
seeing much fewer arrivals in the past few days.

In order to get a better count in Maslakh, IOM is planning to re-register
the camp population and plans to start the process in about 8 days. The
re- registration process should be completed by the end of the year.  IOM
is also planning to institute a system of checkpoints on the roads into
Herat to better track the number of new arrivals. IOM expects the
checkpoints to be up and running in a week.

To better target the needs of the IDPs in Maslakh camp, WFP plans to begin
a bakery program in Herat within a month. The bakeries would produce
enough for each family to receive 5 loaves of bread per day, targeting
200,000 people per day.

An inter-agency UN team led by UNHCR began an assessment of Maslakh camp
this week.  The team cites water and sanitation as the primary concern,
not food. The team delivered tents, blankets, and plastic sheeting to
Maslakh.

WFP reports that 60 MT of food is distributed inside Maslakh camp every
day, enough to provide 7,200 families with a 50-kg bag of wheat. WFP is
also providing wet-feeding to women and children.

Southern region. Humanitarian agencies are hopeful that the Taliban
surrender of Kandahar and Spin Buldak on December 6 will be a positive
factor in the resumption of humanitarian assistance to the 240,000 IDPs in
and around Kandahar and 60,000 IDPs in Spin Buldak.

UNHCR reports that some 4,000 IDPs are waiting on the Afghanistan side of
the border near the Chaman border crossing in cold temperatures and
without shelter. UNCHR expects that these IDPs will be able to cross as
soon as Pakistan reopens the border.  Despite the border closing, a small
number of people continue to arrive at the Killi Faizo staging area on a
daily basis.

Pakistan.  UNHCR had suspended the relocation of refugees from Peshawar
and Jalozai camp due to a security incident on December 4. Local
authorities have agreed to provide heightened security, and UNHCR will
resume the relocation process on December 8.

Iran.  UNHCR reports that the rate of return from Iran to western
Afghanistan is increasing in the past few days with some 2,000 Afghans
crossing the Dogharoun border on December 6. More than 24,000 Afghans have
returned since12 November, some heading back to their homes as far
eastward as Badakhshan and Baghlan provinces.

Refugee returns from Iran to western Afghanistan continue at a rate of
approximately 1,000 a day, according to a UNHCR report on November 25. USG
HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE Background On October 4, President George W. Bush
announced a $320 million assistance program for Afghanistan.  Funding will
support assistance to Afghans both inside and outside Afghanistan's
borders, with support for food and a wide variety of other relief needs.

On October 4, Assistant Secretary of State for South Asian Affairs
Christina B. Rocca redeclared a complex humanitarian disaster in
Afghanistan for FY 2002.  To date, FY 2001 and FY 2002 USG humanitarian
assistance for Afghans is provided by the USAID/OFDA, USAID/FFP, Democracy
& Governance (USAID/DG), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA),
Department of State's Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration
(State/PRM), Department of State's Department of Defense Demining Program,
the Department of State's Bureau of International Narcotics and Law
Enforcement Affairs (State/INL), and the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC).  The assistance includes both assistance inside
Afghanistan and assistance to Afghan refugees in neighboring countries.

In Tajikistan, on October 10, 2001, U.S. Chargé d'Affaires James A.
Boughner declared a disaster due to drought, and requested funds for a
seed and fertilizer distribution program.  USAID/OFDA responded by
providing $998,180 through the U.S.  Embassy to Cooperative for American
Relief Everywhere (CARE) for the purchase and distribution of winter wheat
seeds and fertilizer.  USAID/OFDA ASSISTANCE

Personnel. USAID/OFDA currently has two Disaster Assistance Response Teams
(DARTs) deployed to Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan to
assess humanitarian activities and logistical capacity each area.


NEW U.S. GOVERNMENT ACTIVITIES

Afghanistan.  USAID/OFDA provided $2 million to WFP to support the
logistics requirements, primarily road maintenance equipment, of its
current food aid distribution program.  The grant supplements the $13.5
million previously granted to WFP's Afghanistan operation for food
commodities and food transport equipment.

On December 3, USAID/OFDA approved a $3.6 million grant to CARE for
water/sanitation, agricultural rehabilitation, and shelter activities.
The water component, valued at $355,005, includes pumping of potable water
and delivery of house-to-house health education to approximately 59,000
people in Kabul.  The agriculture component, valued at $909,922, supports
a work program to rehabilitate critical farming facilities in Ghazni and
Wardak provinces for 100,000 people.  The shelter program provides
$2,318,403 for food and short-term work opportunities to some 75,000
people in Zabul, Khandahar, Farah, Nangahar and Laghman, as well as
reconstruction of nearly 5,000 homes in Kabul province.

On November 30, USAID/OFDA issued a grant for $3.5 million to
International Medical Corps (IMC)  for primary health care activities in
Bamiyan, Wardak, and Parwan provinces in central Afghanistan.  Activities
will include emergency primary health care, maternal and child health
care, obstetric care, and supplementary feeding.

To date, the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) has airdropped 2,229,480
Humanitarian Daily Rations (HDRs) into Afghanistan. According to DOD, the
cost of the airdrop operations, including the rations, transport, and fuel
expenses, total approximately $48 million. The previously reported total
of more than $120 million reflects the estimated total cost of the entire
four to five month airdrop operation.



USG HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE TO CENTRAL ASIA

USG AGENCY
IMPLEMENTING
PARTNER
ACTIVITY
REGION
AMOUNT
FY 2002
AFGHANISTAN - COMPLEX EMERGENCY

USAID/OFDA

Airlift - Turkmenistan for IOM
20,000 blankets, 100 rolls plastic sheeting, 20 MT BP-5 High Energy
  biscuits, 1 MT sugar
$751,102

Airlift - Turkmenistan
1,000 rolls of plastic sheeting for UNICEF
$403,200

Airlift - Islambad
35,400 blankets
$312,350

Airlift - Pakistan
5 health kits
$29,415

Airlift - Turkmenabad
5 health kits
$33,923

Airlift - Uzbekistan
350,000 wheat bags
$67,000

ACTED
Food, non-food items
Northeast
$5,500,000

ACTED
IDP camp management
Baghlan
$630,000

CARE
Water/sanitation, agricultural
rehabilitation, shelter
All
$3,853,330

Catholic Relief Services (CRS)
Non-Food Items for 200,000 people
Central Highlands
$988,000

Concern Worldwide
Shelter/repair 5,000 homes
Northeast
$1,203,343

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
Seed multiplication, procurement, and distribution
$1,095,000

FAO
Agriculture, seed multiplication
$300,000


GOAL

Food, Shelter, Water, Sanitation, Winterization
Samangan and Jozjan Provinces
$5,500,000

International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
Food, non-food items
All
$2,500,000

International Organization for Migration (IOM)
Food, non-food items
Badghis, Faryab, Balkh Provinces
$562,313

International Medical Corps (IMC)
Primary Health Care
Kabul
$735,000

IMC
Primary health care
Bamiyan, Wardak, Parwan
$3,500,000

International Rescue Committee  (IRC)
Food, potable water, well rehabiliation
North
$3,650,000

International Resource Group (IRG)
Food Augmentation Team
$614,820

Mercy Corps International (MCI)
Food, water, non-food items
South, Central
$2,000,000

MCI
Health
Herat
$735,000

UNOCHA
Coordination
All
$2,500,000

UNICEF
Water, sanitation
All
$2,500,000

UNICEF
Nutrition, health, water, sanitation
All
$1,650,000

Save the Children (SC)/US
Nutrition
North
$206,488

SC/US
Food, health
Central and North
$2,000,000

World Food Program (WFP)
Food  - 15,000 MT, processing, transport
$6,000,000

WFP
Purchase of trucks for food delivery
$5,000,000

WFP
Logistics support equipment and services
All
$2,000,000

WFP
Joint Logistics Center
All
$2,500,000

Total FY 2002 USAID/OFDA
$59,320,284


USAID/FFP

WFP
Airlift from Quetta, Pakistan to Osh, Kygysztan
$2,000,000

WFP
72,700 MT Food commodities
$38,555,000

Total FY 2002 USAID/FFP	$40,555,000


USAID/OTI
Voice of America
Radio program
All
$1,687,820

Total FY 2002 USAID/OTI	$1,687,820


STATE/PRM

ICRC
Emergency Appeal
$6,500,000

IFRC
Emergency Appeal
$5,000,000

IOM
Emergency Appeal
$2,000,000

United Nations Development Program (UNDP)
Project Management Information System
$160,000

UNOCHA
Donor Alert for Afghans Program
$2,000,000

United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)
Special Program for Afghanistan
$600,000

WFP
Operations/Logistics Support
$4,000,000

UNHCR
Emergency Appeal
$10,000,000

UNICEF
Emergency Relief
$2,000,000

Total FY 2002 State/PRM 	$32,260,000


DOD

Airdrop of 2,005,620 Humanitarian Daily Rations (HDRs)
$47,897,769

Total FY 2002 DOD **	 $47,897,769
Total FY 2002 USG Assistance to Afghanistan**	   $181,720,873



TAJIKISTAN - DROUGHT

USAID/OFDA

CARE
Purchase and distribution of winter wheat for 4,500 families
$998,180

Total FY 2002 USAID/OFDA  $998,180



USAID/FFP

WFP
35,000 MT wheat flour
20,000,000

Total FY 2002 USAID/FFP $20,000,000
Total FY 2002 USG Assistance to Tajikistan	 $20,998,180


FY 2001/ FY 2002 SUMMARY

Total USG Humanitarian Assistance to Afghanistan for FY 2001*
$183,107,625

Total USG Humanitarian Assistance to Afghanistan for FY 2002
$181,720,873

Total USG Humanitarian Assistance to Afghanistan for FY 2002/2001
$364,828,498

Total USG Assistance to Tajikistan FY 2001
$67,210,000

Note:  FY 2001 USG assistance to Tajikistan included assistance through
USAID/OFDA, USAID/FFP, USDA, the

Department of State, and Freedom Support Act funds administered through a
variety of agencies. Total USG Assistance to Tajikistan FY 2001/2002
$88,208,180

* Note: Detailed breakdowns of FY 2001 and FY 2002 assistance are
available in previous Central Asia Region Situation Reports.

** Note: DOD funding totals are estimates. The previously reported total
of more than $120 million reflects the estimated total cost of the entire
four to five month airdrop operation.


distributed by
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Center for International Disaster Information
Volunteers in Technical Assistance
                                          web: www.cidi.org
                                     listserv: www.cidi.org/listsub.htm
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Central Asia                  www.cidi.org/humanitarian/hsr/centralasia