Action by Churches Together (ACT)
Appeal - Kenya
Turkana - Famine Relief - AFKE-22
Appeal Target: US$ 904,839
Balance Requested from ACT Network:  US$ 75,320
Geneva, 24 June 2002


This appeal is to enable ACT member Lutheran World Federation/Department
for World Service (LWF/DWS) to continue addressing a drought-caused famine
relief project in Turkana District, Northwest Kenya (which started in
December 1999 and ended in late 2001).

WFP will donate the food requirements for this project. Partial funding to
cover inland transportation support and handling, supervision and
implementation costs will be received as reimbursement from WFP and World
Vision Kenya. The reimbursements are based on actual metric tonnes
distributed. As the WFP Emergency Operation (EMOP) is on a phase-out
trend, minimal amounts of food will be distributed and the reimbursement
amount will also be small and inadequate to cover all costs. However,
reduction of the amount of food handled does not necessarily lead to
reduction of expenses incurred on supervision and implementation of
project activities. LWF/DWS still has to cover the same distances to some
42 distribution centres (approximately 6,000 kms each month), retain staff
on the ground and maintain the same (if not increasing) levels of
co-ordination, conduct phase-out assessments and prepare end of project
reporting.

This appeal is to enable LWF/DWS to cover the shortfall of funds required
to provide assistance to the affected people in the following fields:

Selection, verification and registration of food beneficiaries

Distribution of food to 47,672 vulnerable people

Monitoring of the food distribution process at 42 centres in 3 divisions

Training of Community Relief Committees and project staff in the Community
Based Targeting and Distribution (CBTD) process, nutrition and
environmental issues



Project Completion Date: 31 December 2002

Summary of Appeal Targets, Pledges/Contributions Received and Balance
Requested

                                       US$
Total Appeal Target(s)               904,839
Less: Pledges/Contr. Recd.           829,519
Balance Requested from ACT Network    75,320


Ms. Geneviève Jacques         Thor-Arne Prois       Robert Granke
Director                      Director, ACT         Director
WCC/Cluster on Relations      LWF/World Service



REQUESTING ACT MEMBER

Lutheran World Federation (Dept. for World Service) Kenya/Sudan Programme



IMPLEMENTING ACT MEMBER/PARTNER INFORMATION

The Lutheran World Federation, Department for World Service (LWF/DWS) has
for over fifty years been involved in various humanitarian emergencies and
relief operations around the world. Recently LWF/DWS has been running
major emergencies and relief operations in Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda,
Tanzania, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. It has also implemented
similar but smaller programs in Somalia, Liberia, Zambia, Botswana,
Mozambique and Kenya.

LWF/DWS was invited by the Government of Kenya (GoK) through the
co-ordination of Turkana District Steering Group (DSG) to intervene in the
emergency response in December 1999. This invitation gave birth to LWF/DWS
Turkana Project, for which this appeal is being raised. LWF/DWS had been
present in the area, at Kakuma Refugee Camp (KRC) established in mid 1992
following a mass influx of Sudanese refugees fleeing fighting in Southern
Sudan. LWF/DWS is the lead agency for KRC, in which over 6
non-governmental organizations in partnership with UNHCR support over
65,000 refugees. The involvement of LWF/DWS in both refugees and host
community relief and development assistance gives LWF/DWS a great
opportunity to enable the bridging of hosts-refugees inequalities,
promoting peaceful co-existence and co-operation.



DESCRIPTION OF THE EMERGENCY SITUATION

Background

LWF/DWS has been distributing famine relief food to targeted beneficiary
households in Kakuma, Lokichokio and Oropoi divisions of Turkana District
in Kenya since December 1999. The project is implemented in partnership
with World Vision Kenya (WVK - Lead Agency), UN-WFP and the Government of
Kenya (GoK) - donors. The scale of the operation has been significantly
reduced in 2002, with the phasing out of urban and peri-urban
beneficiaries, and reduction of ration sizes to 75% for the pastoralists
and 50% for the agro-pastoralists. The nutrition situation has not yet
stabilized in most parts of the District, except for a few areas in the
northwest and northeastern parts. This implies that pastoralists whose
household food security status is highly vulnerable need continued food
aid support.

The WFP/GoK Emergency Operation (EMOP) will continue to support these
people until October 2002 (planned) and the possibility of extension to
December 2002 also exists. WFP and GoK will supply the food requirements
whereas LWF/DWS will implement the project through Community Based
Targeting and Distribution (CBTD) methodology within the mandate of the
Turkana District Steering Committee (DSG). LWF/DWS will receive partial
funding (limited to the actual amount of metric tonnes [MT] distributed)
from WFP through WVK. The estimated MT to be handled by LWF/DWS during the
period May to September 2002 is 2,212.04. Going by the current (May 2002)
reimbursement rate of USD 11.3 per MT, LWF/DWS will receive about USD
25,540. These funds are however, inadequate and cannot cover the full
costs (about USD 98,233) to be incurred by LWF/DWS in the implementation
and administration of the project. Therefore, the reason for this proposal
is to raise the shortfall in funds, about USD 75,320, to enable LWF/DWS to
partner with WFP and GoK in the implementation of the EMOP until December
2002.



Current Situation

Malnutrition levels have declined over the period of EMOP implementation
(Dec. 1999 to date). LWF/DWS in co-ordination with partner agencies in
Turkana has been conducting Nutrition and Health Surveys on an annual
basis since early 2000.

Table 1: Trend of under five malnutrition levels in the project area

Year    Percentage of malnutrition (WfH Z-scores)

2000    25
2001    13.5
2002    11.4


As a result of this steady improvement, the number of beneficiaries
targeted for food aid assistance reduced in phases during the
implementation period. About 78,000 beneficiaries received food aid
assistance in 2000 and part of 2001, whilst about 48,000 beneficiaries are
targeted in 2002. The number may be reduced further by mid 2002 to focus
assistance to the most vulnerable households. The food security status at
the household level has experienced minimal improvement. Rebuilding of
viable herd sizes that can support household food needs (milk, blood and
meat) has been marred by prolonged drought conditions. Besides,
productivity of existing livestock remained extremely minimal during the
drought period (late 1998 - late 2001). Significant rainfall has been
realized in the first quarter of 2002. The impact of these rains in terms
of food availability will however be felt only after 5 months (shortest
livestock breeding period * shoats). This will be in September 2002. It is
therefore critical that the most vulnerable households are supported up to
October 2002, when another review of the situation will define the
subsequent direction/phase of the intervention.


Impact on People's Lives

Prolonged drought due to rainfall failure/inadequacy led to
non-availability of browse pasture and water for livestock between 1998
and 2001. This impacted directly on human life as the Turkana people,
being nomadic pastoralists, traditionally depend on livestock food
products for subsistence. The consequences included;


Insufficient household food security

Inadequate dietary intake leading to malnutrition among children below
five years Destabilized livelihood coping mechanisms increased poverty and
loss of social pride and dignity as a result of begging.

The emergency project responded with the objectives of saving human life
and preserving the remaining livelihoods. Throughout its life span, the
project has affected human lives in the following ways; Helped reduce
malnutrition rates especially among children below five years from 25% in
2002 to 11% in 2002. Through indirect means, the project has helped the
targeted households to spare their productive assets, mainly livestock
that survived the drought, by providing alternative food source in relief.
These households are in a better position to experience recovery.


Project Location

Kakuma, Lokichokio and Oropoi divisions of Turkana District are located on
the north western corner of Kenya. The area borders Sudan and Uganda on
the northern and western boundaries respectively. This region covers an
estimated 26,000 square kilometres of arid and semi-arid land. The main
economic activity of the people - the Turkana, is nomadic pastoralism.
Other alternative economic activities are small-scale trading,
agro-pastoralism and wage employment in the upcoming urban centres. An
estimated 93,000 Turkana people live in the project area. Kakuma Refugee
Camp (KRC), with an estimated population of 65,000 refugees, mainly from
South Sudan is located within the project area. The impact of KRC on the
local conditions has been experienced in the environmental, socio-cultural
and economic spheres. While some of the impacts are positive in terms of
inter-dependence between the refugees and the hosts, others e.g. unequal
access to basic services/resources have had negative impacts or have
potentially far-reaching consequences if not addressed. In material terms,
the people of Turkana are undoubtedly less well off than the refugees of
KRC. This situation holds a potential conflict between the refugees and
the host population.


Emergency Statistics

The following is a table showing the target population by sex, age and
vulnerability category per division.

Table 2: Breakdown of beneficiaries (March 2002)
Division
Males
Females
Total
Children below five
Pregnant/lactating

Kakuma
7,148
8,773
15,921
3,184
955

Lokichokio
8,017
9,996
18,013
3,605
1,081

Oropoi
5,243
8,495
13,738
2,746
824

Total
20,408
27,264
47,672
9,535
2,860


Current Security Situation

Both external/cross border and internal security threats exist within the
project area. External threats include cattle rustling across the
international boundaries with Sudan and Uganda. The neighbouring nomadic
pastoral communities from Sudan and Uganda have a history of cattle
rustling with the Turkana people. These encounters often threaten human
life as well. The GoK, LWF/DWS, UNHCR and the elders have kept the
potential for insecurity between the refugees and the host community low
through close co-operation, monitoring and mediation. Bandit attacks are
common on specific black spots on the Kakuma-Lokichokio main road.
Incidents of armed robbery have occurred on the main road between Kakuma
and Lokichokio during recent months. Precautions have been taken to
minimize the risk to life and property including use of police escorts and
restricted travel. The project plans to get more involved in peace
building initiatives within the project area and across the neighbouring
countries. Proliferation of small arms exists in the region due to
on-going rebel-government clashes in South Sudan and northern Uganda.



GOAL & OBJECTIVES

Goal - The overall goal of this project is to save lives and preserve the
livelihoods of the people mostly affected by the drought conditions.



Objective

47,672 persons in three divisions receive food provisions monthly.

32 Community Relief Committees (CRC) are trained in Community Based
Targeting and Distribution (CBTD) process, nutrition education and
environmental conservation.

Improved and effective supervision and administration of the distribution
process.



TARGETED BENEFICIARIES

Selection, verification and registration of food recipients

The core of targeting and verification of beneficiaries is the
responsibility of the Community Relief Committees (CRCs). The Food
Monitors will facilitate, provide training and guidance to the CRCs in
order to build their capacity to identify the most vulnerable
beneficiaries.

The feeding program has two components; general ration food and
supplementary ration food for children and the pregnant and lactating
mothers. The beneficiaries of general ration are all those households that
pass certain vulnerability criteria set by the communities in every
distribution centre/village.

A set of vulnerability criteria specific to every village and defined by
the community members governs the process of targeting. Generally the
criteria targets households owning less than 10-20 shoats, households
where no member is employed or involved in viable business, female headed
households, the aged and disabled households, orphaned households,
children below five years and the pregnant and lactating mothers. The
beneficiaries of supplementary ration food are the special people/groups
who are considered more vulnerable to food shortages in society than the
other people groups. These are mainly children below five years, pregnant
or lactating mothers and the elderly.


Methodology

LWF/DWS adopts Community Based Targeting and Distribution (CBTD)
methodology in the project implementation. This method lays emphasis on
facilitating the communities to influence the entire processes of food
distribution (targeting, registration, distribution and monitoring). The
major role of LWF/DWS is to facilitate information sharing, training and
capacity building, reporting and monitoring of the process. This is done
with and through the CRC elected by the people in each distribution
centre. All agencies have adopted this unified system of distribution.
Joint monitoring and evaluation of the CBTD method and EMOP implementation
is periodically conducted by the partner agencies.




PROPOSED EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE & IMPLEMENTATION

Composition of the food basket

General ration food (cereals, pulses, vegetable oil and salt) as well as
supplementary food (UNIMIX and other blended high-energy foods for
under-five children) is distributed to the 47,672 targeted beneficiaries.
For the period May to September 2002, an estimated 2,212.04 MT of food
will be received and distributed by LWF/DWS. The total
administration/implementation costs to be reimbursed to LWF/DWS through
WVK on the above amount of food are an estimated USD 25,540. Despite the
reduction of the amount of food distributed by LWF/DWS and the
corresponding reduction of the reimbursement amount, the actual costs
incurred in the course of implementing the activities remain comparatively
higher. The operational expenses e.g. transport, fieldwork supervision,
training, phase-out procedures and follow-up have to be maintained at
every village even when the amount of food distributed in the same village
reduces.


The specific activities to be undertaken are as follows:

Distribution of food to 47,672 vulnerable people.

General ration food (cereals, pulses, vegetable oil and salt) as well as
supplementary food i.e. (UNIMIX and other blended high-energy foods for
under-five children) is distributed on a monthly basis to the 47,672
targeted beneficiaries. From May to June, the planned ration size is 75%,
but this may be changed to address the prevailing situation between July
and October 2002. Because of the rains being received in May, this
proposal assumes the situation between October and December may have
improved.



Monitoring of the food distribution process

This will be done through field visits and assessments carried out by the
Field Officer and the Project Coordinator in the distribution centres.
Pre-distribution and post-distribution monitoring exercises are the
responsibility of the Field Officer and the Food Monitors. These will
focus on food usage, food aid impact and addressing beneficiaries'
concerns. LWF/DWS will process progress reports to the Lead Agency for
EMOP implementation (WVK) on a monthly basis. Besides, updates and
progress reports will be sent to the Programme Coordinator in Nairobi.

Training of existing CRCs in the Community Based Targeting and
Distribution (CBTD) process, nutrition and environmental issues. The Food
Monitors will conduct training of the CRCs to build their capacity to
perform their responsibilities. Most training sessions will be informally
carried out at the distribution centres. The principles and application of
the CBTD process will be an integral part of the training. Nutrition
education will also form a major component of the local community training
activities. These will mainly cover socio-cultural and hygiene and
sanitation practices within the local community, with the objective of
promoting better child-care, health and nutrition practices. During the
discussions on local environmental issues, the Food Monitors will lobby
for the local communities to implement measures to conserve the natural
environment in the process of harnessing its resources. The objective is
to minimize harmful exploitation of the very environment that supports the
people's livelihoods.

Training of project staff in the CBTD process, nutrition and environmental
issues.  The Food Monitors will receive skills and knowledge from the
training to enable them to contribute effectively towards achieving the
project objectives. 3 training workshops (one in each division) will be
conducted during the implementation period. These training will cover the
CBTD methodology, nutrition education and environmental issues.

To ensure improved and effective supervision and administration of the
distribution process, the following activities will be implemented:



Conduct regular field visits to distribution centres

The Field Officer and the Project Coordinator will do this to ensure
operation procedures and CBTD process is followed.



Supervision of food Monitors

The Field Officer will supervise and appraise the food monitors to ensure
their enhanced performance.



Supervision of CRCs

The Food Monitors will together with the CRCs establish a checks and
balance system and structure in the election and working of the committee
members. This is meant to promote transparency in the leadership and
management of the CRCs.



Program Support

The project will receive support related to financial control and
reporting, overall administration and monitoring from the Programme level
(Nairobi). A budgetary provision to cover this support is included.



ADMINISTRATION, FINANCE, MONITORING & REPORTING

Administration

This project will be run by LWF/DWS Turkana Project based at Kakuma in
Turkana District. The Project Co-ordinator (PC) will be responsible for
the overall implementation of the activities and co-ordination with
partners at the District level. A team of 16 project staff including the
Field Officer, Logistics officer, 10 food monitors, 2 Drivers and 2
Security Guards will be involved in the day to day implementation of
project activities under the management of the Project Co-ordinator (PC).
The PC will be reporting to the Programme Coordinator based at Nairobi on
all matters relating to project planning, implementation and reporting.


Finance

A bank account is maintained at Lodwar town (120kms Southeast of Kakuma).
Project expenses will be paid from Kakuma and the finance department of
Kakuma Refugee Assistance Project will process the accounts and share
reports with the Project Coordinator and the Finance Manager, LWF/DWS
Kenya / Sudan Programme in Nairobi. Quarterly and annual reports will be
shared with ACT during project implementation. The programme will be
audited by Deloitte and Touche, Nairobi.


Monitoring & reporting

World Vision Kenya, the lead agency for EMOP, will co-ordinate and monitor
implementation of both the general ration and the supplementary feeding.
Monthly distribution reports will also be submitted to WVK who will in
turn report to the DSG and WFP. The DSG monitoring and evaluation team
will also be involved in ensuring adoption of CBTD methodology and
transparency in targeting affected households. Internally LWF/DWS
Programme Co-ordinator will monitor implementation through field visits
and the monthly and quarterly reports and updates submitted by the Project
Co-ordinator. In February 2003 LWF/DWS will submit the final project
report to ACT.




IMPLEMENTATION TIMETABLE

This appeal will be implemented between 1 May and 31 December 2002.  The
actual plan is to continue providing food relief assistance to targeted
beneficiaries until September 2002. There is a possibility of extension of
targeted relief distribution to December depending on the situation by
September. Because of the phase-out assessments, delays in distribution
due to pipeline problems and the final reporting, it is expected that the
implementation will certainly extend to December even if the EMOP stops in
September as planned.



CO-ORDINATION

Right from the beginning of the EMOP program, there has been a remarkable
degree of co-ordination amongst the partners in the implementation
process. Co-ordination occurs at two levels; district and national. At the
district level LWF/DWS works with WVK (Lead Agency) in facilitating
storage and actual targeting and distribution of the food. The DSG is the
overall co-ordination and decision-making body at the district level,
responsible for providing the strategic district direction in relief and
development matters. Representatives from EMOP and development agencies,
GoK departments/ministries and selected leaders form the DSG. LWF/DWS also
co-ordinates with Oxfam GB, Arid Lands Resource Management Project
(ALRMP), Christian Children Fund (CCF) and the National Council of
Churches of Kenya (NCCK). NCCK is a member of ACT. These organizations are
involved in the EMOP as well as development interventions in various parts
of the district.

At the national level the LWF/DWS Programme office in Nairobi attends and
participates in monthly meetings of the Kenya Food Security Meeeting
(KFSM) which serves to coordinate all EMOP activities going on across the
drought prone areas of northern Kenya. This is a useful forum for
exchanging and sharing experiences and ideas.


X.  BUDGET SUMMARY

Since WFP/GoK are meeting the cost of transporting the food to the final
distribution points and WFP/WVK are also contributing to some salary and
transport costs (see budget breakdown), LWF/DWS will only be meeting part
of the personnel costs, transport costs, security, supervision,
administration and implementation costs of this project.

These costs are highlighted below.
Emergency food distribution including salaries and allowances
Logistics; 1 4WD vehicle hire & fuel; 1 motorbike operation and
  maintenance & security
Capital equipment; office furniture
Personnel, administration and operations support covering staff, office
  operations & rent
Staff travel, e-mail & radio communications
Audit, banking and evaluation of ACT funds
Training and capacity building for the staff and CRC



INCOME:

Description Type of No. of Unit Cost Budget Budget
 Unit Units KES KES USD
OTHER INCOME - World Food Programme -Pledges and In Kind :
In kind contributions - cereals MT 1,398 19,422 27,151,956 355,671
In kind contributions - pulses MT 364 37,699 13,722,378 179,753
In kind contributions - vegetable oil MT 152 69,310 10,535,120 138,003
In kind contributions - UNIMIX MT 298 33,444 9,966,322 130,552
Cash contrib distrib & transport MT 2,212 881 1,949,692 25,540
TOTAL INCOME    63,325,468 829,519


ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE

DIRECT ASSISTANCE - CAPACITY BUILDING
Staff Training
Training project staff *
nutrition & environment Workshop 3 65,000 195,000 2,554

EMERGENCY FOOD DISTRIBUTION
FOOD INPUTS
Cereals MT 1,398 19,422 27,151,956 355,671
Pulses MT 364 37,699 13,722,378 179,753
Vegetable oil MT 152 69,310 10,535,130 138,003
UNIMIX MT 298 33,444 9,966,322 130,552
PROJECT SUPPORT
Project coordinator  Month 8 150,000 1,200,000 15,720
Food monitors (5) Month 8 175,000 1,400,000 18,338
Assistant food monitors (5) Month 8 50,000 400,000 5,240
Description Type of No. of Unit Cost Budget Budget
 Unit Units KES KES USD
Security guards - compound (2) Month 8 30,000 240,000 3,144
Total Emergency Food Distribution   64,615,786 846,421

MATERIAL TRANSPORT, STORAGE, WAREHOUSING AND HANDLING
Salary of logistics officer Month 8 50,000 400,000 5,240
Salary of driver for food distribution Month 8 33,000 264,000 3,458
Salary security escorts - warehouse  Month 8 32,000 256,000 3,353
Rental of a 4 X 4 pickup Month 8 144,000 1,152,000 15,090
Fuel Month 8 52,000 416,000 5,449
Total Material Transport, Storage, Warehousing & Handling  2,488,000 32,591

CAPITAL EQUIPMENT
Furniture Set 1 70,000 70,000 917

PERSONNEL, ADMINISTRATION, OPERATIONS AND SUPPORT
Staff Salaries & Support
Director (2.5% of base salary) Month 8 21,297 170,376 2,232
Finance officer (2.5% of base salary) Month 8 12,959 103,672 1,358
Program co-ord (2.5% base salary) Month 8 12,959 103,672 1,358
Communications officer (5% salary) Month 8 19,500 156,000 2,043
Senior logistics officer (5% salary) Month 8 17,063 136,504 1,788
Administrative assistant (5% salary) Month 8 21,297 170,376 2,232
Accountant  Month 8 36,000 288,000 3,773
Casual labour  Month 8 10,000 80,000 1,048
Travel
Travel - monit, coord & follow up Month 8 23,000 184,000 2,410
Office Operations
Office rent Month 8 5,000 40,000 524
Stationery and supplies Month 8 8,500 68,000 891
Computer supplies Month 8 7,950 63,600 833
Communications
Telephone, e-mail and postage Month 8 3,000 24,000 314
Other Expenses
Bank charges Month 8 6,187 49,496 648
Total Personnel, Administration, Operations and Support  1,637,696 21,453

AUDIT AND EVALUATION
Audit and evaluation fees Lumpsum   19,500 255

TOTAL ESTIMATED  EXPENDITURE   69,075,478 904,839

BALANCE REQUESTED FROM ACT ALLIANCE   5,750,010 75,320


Rate of Exchange :
Budget : USD 1 = KES  76.34  (LWF rate of exchange for May 2002)



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Action by Churches Together (ACT) is a worldwide alliance of churches and
their related agencies, meeting human need through co-ordinated emergency
response.  The ACT Coordinating Office is based with the World Council of
Churches (WCC) and the Lutheran World Federation (LWF) in Switzerland.
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