U.S. AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
BUREAU FOR DEMOCRACY, CONFLICT, AND HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE (DCHA)
OFFICE OF U.S. FOREIGN DISASTER ASSISTANCE (OFDA)
CENTRAL ASIA REGION - Complex Emergency
Situation Report #39, Fiscal Year (FY) 2002    July 19, 2002


Note: This Situation Report updates previous Central Asia Task Force
Situation Reports and Fact Sheets.  New information is italicized.

BACKGROUND

Two decades of war in Afghanistan, including a decade-long Soviet
occupation and ensuing civil strife, left Afghanistan impoverished and
mired in an extended humanitarian crisis.  Government infrastructure,
including the ability to deliver the most basic health, education, and
other social services, collapsed.  Severe restrictions by the Taliban,
including a restriction on women working outside the home, added to the
impact of poverty, particularly on the many households lacking able-bodied
adult men.  A devastating regional drought compounded the crisis, drying
up wells, parching agricultural land, killing off livestock, collapsing
rural economies, and eventually exhausting the coping mechanisms of many
ordinary Afghans, forcing them to leave their homes in search of food and
water.

International relief agencies, with support from the United States (U.S.),
have long been active in providing humanitarian assistance to the Afghan
people, even during the restrictive years of the Taliban.  On October 7,
2001, a Coalition-led military campaign against al Qaeda and Taliban
forces began, and by December 2001, the Taliban had collapsed.  The new
Afghan Interim Authority (AIA) was sworn in on December 22, 2001,
increasing humanitarian access to the country and beginning the process of
reconstruction.  Hundreds of thousands of refugee and internally displaced
families have returned to their homes to assist in the rebuilding.  The
U.S. Agency for International Development's Disaster Assistance Response
Team (USAID/DART) began its emergency coordination work in response to the
regional drought in June 2001, and a USAID/OFDA Program Office in Kabul
continues to assess the humanitarian needs of vulnerable Afghans, and to
monitor the relief programs of its implementing partners.

Afghanistan:  Numbers at a Glance
Total population (CIA Factbook)	26,813,057

Old Caseload Refugees (UNHCR)
  Pakistan  2,000,000
  Iran      1,500,000

Refugee Returns Since January 1, 2002 (UNHCR)
  Pakistan (vol. assisted since March 1)   1,190,000
  Pakistan (spontaneous)                     180,000
  Iran (voluntary assisted since April 9)     98,000
  Iran (spontaneous)                          61,000
  Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan         1,000
  Kyrgyzstan                                      33

Internally Displaced (UNDP/OCHA)
  Total as of February 20, 2002  920,000
    north and northeast          500,000
    south and west               420,000

Internally Displaced Returns Since January 1, 2002
(UNHCR)
  From Tajikistan: Pyandj River (voluntary assisted)     8,952
  Total as of July 19, 2002 (vol. assisted)            200,500
  Total since December 2001 (spontaneous)              400,000

FY 2001/2002 U.S. Government (USG) Humanitarian Assistance to Afghanistan*
$661,440,193

FY 2001/2002 USG Humanitarian Assistance to Tajikistan
$88,208,180



CURRENT SITUATION

Overview.  A new commission created by the Afghan government will disarm
private armies, and a voluntary disarmament among factions is underway in
the north.  A top political official in the new Afghan government was
assassinated.  Local authorities are placing restrictions on Afghan staff
working with non-governmental organizations (NGO).  The United Nations
High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has reduced some aid for returning
refugees due to funding limitations. The International Organization for
Migration (IOM)  transported 10,000 internally displaced persons (IDPs) to
their homes from camps in the west and north. An outbreak of diarrheal
diseases affected thousands in Kabul.

Political/Military. The Afghan government has established a commission to
disarm and disband private armies.  In a cabinet meeting chaired by
President Hamid Karzai, the government decided that the commission would
collect arms from all groups or individuals that are not on the payroll of
the defense ministry.  A government spokesperson did not specify how the
commission would handle parties refusing to surrender arms.

The United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) reported that
the Jamiat, Jumbesh, and Hizb-e Wahdat factions began the first voluntary
factional disarmament on July 17.  The disarmament is taking place in
Sholgareh District near Mazar-e-Sharif.  The weapons handed over at three
different collection points will be taken to military depots outside
Mazar-e-Sharif, registered, and guarded by forces from the factions.

British combat troops began their withdrawal from Afghanistan in mid-July.
According to press reports, about 1,000 troops stationed in Bagram will
depart the country. Britain also plans to reduce its force of more than
4,000 peacekeepers to 1,800 in the coming months.  Britain transferred
control of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Kabul to
Turkey on June 20.

Security.  On July 6, Haji Abdul Qadir, a vice president and Minister for
Public Works in the new Afghanistan transition government, was
assassinated outside his ministry compound in Kabul.  Qadir was the
second-highest ranking Pashtun in the new government, and had formerly
served as governor of Jalalabad in eastern Afghanistan.  Authorities have
not determined a motive for the assassination or identified the
individuals responsible for it.

UNHCR reported that local authorities are increasingly placing
restrictions on NGO staff. Local officials have restricted Afghan staff
from inviting international staff to their homes. In Herat, authorities
have prohibited local female staff from traveling in a vehicle with
international male staff or leaving the city with foreign men. Authorities
also want to approve female staff prior to their employment with NGOs.
Local officials in the north have expressed a similar interest in
screening local staff.

The UNAMA Emergency Task Force reported that recent fighting in central
Bamiyan Province has stopped.  The fighting broke out in late June in
Kahmard and Saighan districts.

Food Aid and Agriculture.  Since September 11, 2001, the United Nations
World Food Program (WFP), with support from USAID, has dispatched more
than 573,000 MT of food into Afghanistan, assisting some 9.8 million
Afghans.

WFP continues to experience constraints in their food pipeline because of
insufficient supply.  Due to the pipeline shortages, WFP has suspended
wheat distribution through Food For Work and Food For Assets Creation
programs in areas where spring crops are being harvested.  WFP has also
reduced emergency food rations from 150 kg. of wheat per family to 100 kg.
In some areas, the ration has been reduced to 50 kg. with food coupons
that can be redeemed for additional wheat pending food availability.

IDPs and Refugees. UNHCR called for additional funding to support refugee
reintegration and rehabilitation operations, stating that 25 percent of
the UNHCR budget has not been funded.  UNHCR has funds for the next two
months, but requires about $70 million for continued operations this year.
UNHCR has already been forced to reduce some programs due to funding
limitations.  Shelter kits for returning refugees have been reduced from
97,000 kits to 50,000.  Distribution of agricultural packages with seeds
and tools has been limited, and funds are exhausted for the purchase of
returnee package items such as plastic tarpaulins, blankets, buckets, and
jerry cans.

More than 1.3 million Afghan refugees have been assisted in returning home
through the joint UNHCR and Afghan Transitional Authority (ATA) voluntary
repatriation program that began on March 1.  UNHCR expects more than two
million Afghans to return home in 2002.

Nearly 1.2 million Afghans have voluntarily returned from Pakistan since
March 1, with 90 percent passing through the Takhtabaig voluntary
repatriation center near Peshawar, Pakistan.  More than half of these
returnees from Pakistan came from North West Frontier Province, and 10
percent from Punjab. More than 40 percent of returnees are destined for
Kabul Province, 23 percent to Nangarhar Province, and six percent to
Parwan Province.

According to UNHCR, 98,000 Afghans have returned home from Iran since its
program began on April 9.  Afghans return through the Milak-Zaranj border
crossing in the south or the northern Islam Qala border at Dogharun.
>From Islam Qala, returning Afghans have gone on to areas outside Herat
Province, mainly to Kabul and other urban centers.

UNHCR reports that approximately 10,000 Afghans have been assisted in
returning home from the northern Central Asia states, including the Tajik-
Afghan border and Turkmenistan.

UNHCR has identified a potential site in Kandahar Province for some of the
estimated 25,000 refugees at the Chaman border site, just inside Pakistan.
UNHCR staff will work on improvements at the Zarey Dasht site in the
coming weeks, while representatives of refugees at Chaman assess the
proposed site.  UNHCR has been looking for longer-term sites in Kandahar
Province for nearly 50,000 IDPs currently sheltering in Spin Boldak and
Chaman.

Since early July, IOM has helped over 10,000 IDPs with return to their
places of origin in the northern, central, and western parts of
Afghanistan. IOM transported 5,737 IDPs from the Mazar-e-Sharif area to
villages in Balkh and Sar-e-Pul provinces. More than 4,200 IDPs departed
IDP camps in Herat for countrywide destinations. An estimated 60,000 IDPs
remain in the Herat camps. Returns from Kabul have been slower than
expected, which IOM attributes partly to security concerns following the
assassination of Vice President Qadir. In recent weeks, only 354 IDPs left
Kabul out of the 4,420 IDPs registered for travel.

Overall, IOM plans to assist returns for approximately 75,000 IDPs from
now until the end of September.  Between mid-January and the end of May,
IOM assisted more than 160,000 IDPs through its Internal Transport
Network.

Health.  The Afghan Ministry of Public Health reported an outbreak of
diarrheal diseases in Kabul that has affected 6,691 people over the past
three weeks.  Three people have died due to severe dehydration. An
increase in diarrheal cases is normal at this time of year due to the warm
weather and poor water and sanitation conditions.

Three of the patients admitted to Kabul hospitals during the past two
weeks were found to have cholera.  The Ministry of Public Health , UN
agencies, and NGOs are undertaking measures, such as health education and
water chlorination, to prevent the spread of cholera, a water-borne
disease.  USG HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE

Background.  On October 4, 2001, Assistant Secretary of State for South
Asian Affairs Christina B. Rocca redeclared a complex humanitarian
disaster in Afghanistan for FY 2002.  To date, FY 2001 and FY 2002 USG
humanitarian assistance for Afghanistan has been provided by USAID/OFDA,
Food for Peace (USAID/FFP), Democracy & Governance (USAID/DG), Office of
Transition Initiatives (USAID/OTI), United States Department of
Agriculture (USDA), Department of State's Bureau of Population, Refugees,
and Migration (State/PRM), Department of State's Humanitarian Demining
Program (State/HDP), the Department of State's Bureau of International
Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (State/INL), the Department of
Defense (DOD), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
The assistance is for displaced persons inside Afghanistan and Afghan
refugees in neighboring countries.

On March 26, 2002, U.S. Ambassador to Afghanistan Robert P. Finn issued a
disaster declaration due to the earthquake in Baghlan Province.
USAID/OFDA responded by providing an additional $25,000 in Disaster
Assistance Authority to ACTED, one of many USAID-funded grantees that are
providing humanitarian assistance to the affected population.

In Tajikistan, on October 10, 2001, U.S. Chargé d'Affaires James A.
Boughner declared a disaster due to drought, and requested funds for a
seed and fertilizer distribution program.  USAID/OFDA responded by
providing $998,180 through the U.S.  Embassy to Cooperative for American
Relief Everywhere (CARE) for the purchase and distribution of winter wheat
seeds and fertilizer. USAID/OFDA ASSISTANCE

Personnel.  On June 7, the USAID/OFDA Disaster Assistance Response Team
(DART) based in Kabul was deactivated to become a USAID/OFDA Program
Office.  The USAID/DART had been in the region since June 2001.
USAID/OFDA staff in Kabul will continue to coordinate with the
humanitarian relief community, assess the humanitarian situation, and
monitor USAID/OFDA programs.


OTHER USG ASSISTANCE

New Actions.  USAID/OFDA provided $3,000,000 to IOM for IDP care and
support, and transport as needed in northern and western Afghanistan.

USAID/OFDA provided $2,241,278 to Shelter for Life for emergency shelter
in Baghlan Provincein response to earthquake related needs in Nahrin and
Burka districts.

USAID/FFP contributed 34,800 MT of wheat and vegetable oil valued at
$19,984,300 to WFP.



USG HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE TO CENTRAL ASIA

USG
AGENCY
IMPLEMENTING PARTNER
ACTIVITY
REGION
AMOUNT
AFGHANISTAN - COMPLEX EMERGENCY FY 2002


USAID/OFDA

Action Contre La Faim  (ACF)
Malnutrition, disease prevention and treatment, water and sanitation
Kabul, Uruzgan, Bamiyan
$1,705,030

ACTED
IDP camp management
Baghlan, Takhar
$630,000

ACTED
Food, non-food items
Northeast
$5,500,000

ACTED
Livelihoods, agriculture, emergency rehabilitation
Baghlan, Faryab, Takhar, Kabul,
Shomali
$750,000

ACTED
Nahrin earthquake response
Baghlan
$25,000

Airserv
Air Transport Services
Countrywide
$1,574,756

CARE
Food assistance and reconstruction
All
$2,318,403

CARE
Livelihoods
Wardak, Ghazni
$863,627

CARE
Water and health
Kabul, Wardak,
Ghazni
$355,005

Concern Worldwide
Shelter - repair of 5,000 homes
Northeast
$1,203,343

Concern Worldwide
Distribution of seeds & tools, rehabilitation of agricultural
  infrastructure, income generation activities
Badakshan, Baghlan, Takhar, Bamiyan provinces
$1,737,318

Catholic Relief Services (CRS)
Non-food items for 200,000 people
Central Highlands
$988,087

Church World Service (CWS)
Transport of non-food items
$49,902

Focus/Aga Khan Foundation
Seed multiplication, water supply rehabilitation, and complementary food
  distribution
Bamiyan, Baghlan, and Balkh
$1,436,134

GOAL
Emergency shelter, water and sanitation, non-food items for IDPs, locust
  eradication
Samangan
$600,000

GOAL
Food, shelter, water, sanitation, winterization
Samangan and Jowzjan provinces
$5,500,000

GOAL
Emergency agricultural, potable water and sanitation rehabilitation, and
  shelter repair
Samangan and Jowzjan provinces
$1,000,000

International Center for Agricultural Reseach in Dry Areas (ICARDA)
Seed multiplication, technical assistance for seed procurement and
  regulation
Countrywide
$2,525,000

International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
Food, non-food items
Countrywide
$2,500,000

International Medical Corps (IMC)
Primary health care
Herat
$735,000

IMC
Maternal/Child Health Care
Herat, Badghis
$1,817,648

IMC
Primary health care
Bamiyan, Wardak, Parwan
$3,500,000

IMC
Primary health care, supplemental feeding, cash for work water and
  agricultural rehabilitation programs
Bamiyan, Parwan, Wardak
$1,943,757

International Organization for Migration (IOM)
Food, non-food items
Faryab, Badghis, Balkh
$562,313

IOM
Distribution of charcoal for cooking and heating fuel
Herat, Faryab, Kunduz
$1,069,760

IOM
IDP care and support, and transport as needed
North and West
$3,000,000

International Rescue Committee (IRC)
Health and food security for approximately 54,000 returning IDPs
  and residents
Balkh
$725,831

IRC
Food, potable water, well rehabilitation
North
$3,650,000

IRC
Medical, public health, education & self-help programs in camps and
  urban settings
Balkh, Ghor
$3,250,104

International Resource Groups (IRG)
Food Augmentation Team
$360,112

IRG
Food Augmentation Team
$254,708

Mercy Corps
Food, water, non-food items
South, Central

$2,000,000
Mercy Corps
Rehabilitation of wells & agriculture infrastructure, seed multiplication
Nimroz, Helmand, Kandahar, Uruzgan, Takhar, Kunduz, Baghlan
$3,000,308

Save the Children (SC/US)
Support Assessment Mission
South, West
$93,467

SC/US
Nutrition
North
$206,488

SC/US
Food, health
Central, North
$2,000,000

SC/US
Spot reconstruction, cash for work, and medical clinic rehabilitation
Faryab, Sar-e-Pul
$3,262,312

Shelter for Life (SFL)
Cash for work road reconstruction & emergency home repair for returning
  IDPs
Kunduz, Takhar
$1,294,550

SFL
Shelter
Herat
$130,000

SFL
Emergency shelter for Nahrin earthquake
Baghlan
$2,241,278

Solidarites
Rehabilitation, agricultural revitalization
Samangan, Balkh, Bamiyan
$1,739,115

Tufts University
Assessment Mission
South, West
$201,868

UNCHS/Habitat
Cash for work rehabilitation of public areas, solid waste removal
Kabul, Kandahar,
Mazar-e-Sharif
$382,850

UN Food and Agriculture
Organization (UNFAO)
Agriculture, seed multiplication
$300,000

UNFAO
Manual locust eradication
North
$260,000

UNFAO
Seed multiplication, procurement, and
distribution
$1,095,000

UNFAO
Security surveillance, water resource management, farm power, & spring
  seed distribution
Countrywide
$2,500,000

UNFAO
Sunn Pest Eradication
Faryab, Sar-e-Pul, Badghis, Jowzjan
45,000

UNICEF
Nutrition, health, water, sanitation
Countrywide
$1,650,000

UNICEF
Water, sanitation
Countrywide
$2,500,000

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA)
Coordination
Countrywide
$185,150

UNOCHA
Coordination
Countrywide
$2,000,000

UNOCHA
Coordination
Countrywide
$500,000

World Food Program (WFP)
Emergency road repair
Turkmenistan border
$300,000

WFP
Joint Logistics Center
$2,000,000

WFP
Logistics support equipment and services
All
$2,500,000

WFP
Food (15,000 MT), processing, transport
$6,000,000

WFP
Purchase of trucks for food delivery
$5,000,000

Field Support
Operational support for USAID/OFDA teams in Central Asia
$1,887,953

Airlifts and OFDA relief commodities
Procurement and/or transport of blankets, plastic sheeting, tents, kitchen
  sets, medical kits, wheat bags, high-energy biscuits, and sugar
$4,168,874

Central Asia Task Force
Allowance
Transfer to USAID/Central Asia Task Force to support airlift of school
  textbooks for Afghan children
$692,000

Central Asia Task Force
Allowance
Support for airlift of school textbooks for Afghan children
$50,000

Total FY 2002 USAID/OFDA   $102,317,051



USAID/FFP
WFP
Airlift from Quetta, Pakistan to Osh,
Kyrgyzstan
$2,000,000

WFP
31,050 MT Lentils and vegetable oil
$25,418,500

WFP
36,000 MT Wheat
$15,900,000

WFP
72,700 MT Food commodities
$38,555,000

WFP
24,320 MT Food commodities
$18,600,000

WFP
38,000 MT Wheat
$17,530,400

WFP
34,800 MT Wheat and vegetable oil
$19,984,300

Total FY 2002 USAID/FFP   $137,988,200



USAID/OTI
Voice of America
Radio program
$187,820

IOM
HEAR bulletin and radios
$1,500,000

IOM
Community reconstruction
$8,095,631

Internews
Media/journalist training
$998,720

RONCO
Small grants/operations support
$3,000,000

UNDP
UNDP Trust Fund in support of the Interim Afghan Administration
$500,000

Total FY 2002 USAID/OTI   $14,282,171



STATE/HDP
HALO Trust
Demining program
$3,300,000

UNICEF
Mine awareness program
$700,000

UN Mine Action Program
Demining equipment
$1,000,000

RONCO
UXO experts
$2,000,000

Total FY 2002 State/HDP   $7,000,000



USDA

WFP
40,000 MT of food commodities
$22,500,000

WFP
43,300 MT of wheat
$19,098,712

Total FY 2002 USDA   $41,598,712


STATE/PRM
Church World Service
Support for refugees and returnees
$172,667

Cooperative Housing Foundation
Support for returning refugees and
IDPs in Bamiyan and Kabul
$2,157,662

ICRC
Emergency Appeal
$10,100,000

ICRC**
Protection and emergency assistance
$11,000,000

ICMC
Support for Afghans in Pakistan
$515,304

IFRC
Emergency Appeal
$4,000,000

International Medical Corps (IMC)
Healthcare, education, and microcredit for Afghan refugees
Haripur and Baluchistan, Pakistan
$1,225,524

IOM
Support for Refugees and IDPs
$4,800,000

IOM
Emergency Appeal
$2,000,000

IOM
Support for Refugees and IDPs
$1,000,000

International Rescue Committee (IRC)
Operational Support
$231,248

IRC
Reintegration project for returning refugees
Southern, central, and western Afghanistan
$2,500,019

Mercy Corps
Support for Afghans in Pakistan
$376,781

Mercy Corps
Operational support
$162,775

Mercy Corps
Stabilize at-risk communities, facilitate returns to Helmand Province,
  Afghanistan
$1,489,434

Save the Children/US
Health services for Afghan refugees
$1,833,251

UNDP
Support for Information Systems
$500,000

UNOCHA
Donor Alert for Afghans Program
$2,125,000

UNOCHA
Coordination of activities
(communications, IT, security)
$1,000,000

United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)
Special Program for Afghanistan
$500,000

UNHCR
Emergency Appeal
$30,000,000

UNHCR
Support for returning Afghan refugees
$20,000,000

UNHCR
Support for Afghans in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iran
$4,600,000

UNHCR**
Repatriation and reintegration for Afghan refugees and IDPs
$7,700,000

UNICEF
Back-to-school campaign
$2,000,000

UNICEF
Emergency Relief
$4,000,000

WFP
Operations/Logistics Support
$4,000,000

WFP
Coordination and Support Services
$1,500,000

WFP
Logistics, food management, supply in Afghanistan and Pakistan
$499,000

WHO
Basic health for returning Afghans
$1,000,000

Total FY 2002 State/PRM   $122,988,665


DOD
Airdrop of 2,423,700 Humanitarian Daily Rations (HDRs)
$50,897,769

Total FY 2002 DOD   $50,897,769

Total FY 2002 USG Humanitarian Assistance to Afghanistan   $477,072,568




TAJIKISTAN - DROUGHT FY 2002

USAID/OFDA
CARE
Purchase and distribution of winter wheat to 36,000 people
$998,180

Total FY 2002 USAID/OFDA   $998,180




USAID/FFP

WFP
35,000 MT wheat flour
$20,000,000

Total FY 2002 USAID/FFP   $20,000,000

Total FY 2002 USG Humanitarian Assistance to Tajikistan   $20,998,180



FY 2001/ FY 2002 SUMMARY

Total USG Humanitarian Assistance to Afghanistan for FY 2001* $184,367,625

Total USG Humanitarian Assistance to Afghanistan for FY 2002 $477,072,568

Total USG Humanitarian Assistance to Afghanistan for FY 2002/2001
$661,440,193

Total USG Humanitarian Assistance to Tajikistan FY 2001 $67,210,000

Note:  FY 2001 USG assistance to Tajikistan included assistance through
USAID/OFDA, USAID/FFP, USDA, the Department of State, and Freedom Support
Act funds administered through a variety of agencies.

Total USG Humanitarian Assistance to Tajikistan FY 2001/2002 $88,208,180

* Note: Detailed breakdowns of FY01 and FY02 assistance are available in
previous Central Asia Region situation reports.

** Note: New funds announced on July 1 are both committed and obligated.


distributed by
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Center for International Disaster Information
Volunteers in Technical Assistance
                                          web: www.cidi.org
                                     listserv: www.cidi.org/listsub.htm
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Central Asia                  www.cidi.org/humanitarian/hsr/centralasia