Malawi - ACT: 30-Sep-03
Action by Churches Together (ACT)
Appeal - Malawi
Famine Recovery & Mitigation - AFMW-31
Appeal Target: US$ 3,167,698
Balance Requested from ACT Network: US$ 2,676,454
29 September 2003
Malawi was one of the three most affected Southern African countries in
the food crisis that threatened the lives of over 13 million people in the
region during the 2002/2003 season. Over 3.2 million people were
identified as needing relief food estimated at 485,000 tonnes by the FAO
and WFP. The ACT alliance responded to the crisis through an ACT appeal
AFMW-22 which had a target of $5.4 million. The appeal attracted a
response coverage of 57%.
The last crop harvest in June and July 2003 recorded significant
improvement in the food production in the region according to the FAO and
WFP reports. The government of Malawi through its Ministry of Agriculture
and Irrigation announced a cereal harvest of 2.056 million tonnes. Add the
carryover stocks brought forward and the informal cross-border imports of
maize and rice from the neighbouring countries, the total national cereal
availability is estimated at 2.319 million tonnes for an expected
utilisation of 2.413 million tonnes. The gap of 94,000 tonnes is expected
to be covered by commercial imports and some food aid. Our ACT members who
are working in some of the most marginalized areas of the country have
reported that despite the good level of food production for the country,
most rural Malawians have no proper access to food and remain hungry and
impoverished. The HIV/AIDS pandemic has added to the crisis of the food
insecurity to most rural communities.
In this appeal, the ACT members, Evangelical Lutheran Development
Programme (ELDP), Christian Health Association of Malawi (CHAM), Norwegian
Church Aid (NCA), Church of Central Africa Presbyterian – Blantyre Synod
(CCAP-Blantyre – Synod), CCAP- Livingstonia, Churches Action in Relief and
Development (CARD) are proposing to provide relief food to the food
insecure in their areas of operations and also provide agricultural inputs
and tools to selected households who have lost all means of recovering
from the last drought. The programs also intend to address the needs of
vulnerable and weak families in the health sector and also ensure that
malnourished children are given appropriate assistance for the immediate
and long term. All the ACT members undertook comprehensive needs
assessments between June and July that formed the basis for their planned
response programmes in the appeal.
It should be mentioned that the proposal for CARD does not form part of
this appeal as it is still being finalised and will be included in the
appeal at a later stage.
Project Completion Dates:
CCAP Blantyre Synod - 30 June 2004
CCAP Livingstonia Synod - 31 July 2004
NCA/CHAM - 31 August 2004
ELDP - 31 August 2004
Summary of Appeal Targets, Pledges/Contributions Received and Balance
Requested
CCAP Blantyre
CCAP Liv.
NCA /CHAM
ELDP
Total Targets US$
Appeal Targets
782,190
1,128,204
715,925
541,379
3,167,698
Less: Pledges/Contr Recd
379,000
0
0
112,244
491,244
Balance Requested from ACT Network
403,190
1,128,204
715,925
429,135
2,676,454
John Nduna
Acting Director,
ACT
GENERAL BACKGROUND DESCRIPTION
The ACT members in Malawi are requesting assistance to address the problem
of food insecurity in the country and prepare communities on strategies to
deal with future emergencies. The Malawi ACT Forum was formed in the
first half of the year 2002 to better co-ordinate the emergency responses.
The Forum comprises:
Churches Action in Relief and Development (CARD),
Project Office of the Church of Central Africa Presbyterian,
Blantyre Synod
Development Department of the Synod of Livingstonia,
Danchurchaid (DCA)
Christian Heath Association of Malawi (CHAM)
Norwegian Church Aid (NCA)
and Evangelical Lutheran Development Programme (ELDP)
The ACT Forum has agreed that a joint appeal be submitted to
ACT-Geneva as a follow-up to the Food Relief Appeal (Appeal
AFMW-22) that has just been completed in May 2003. The idea is to
consolidate the different efforts that have been done by
different agencies in ensuring that communities become food
secure; and also prepare them for future emergencies.
In creating the unique partnership, ACT members have succeeded
in providing value added services, which complement other
Government and international efforts to develop a long-term
sustainable environment for the people of Malawi. It is hoped
that this close working relationship and co-operation will ensure
an immediate and carefully planned response to developing
emergencies.
To ensure effective and smooth co-ordination for implementation
of relief and rehabilitation programs, the ACT partners operate
in demarcated needy areas, according to their local presence,
capacity and existing infrastructures.
All the ACT members have long time experience in implementing
relief operations, except CHAM who are health service providers
running Christian hospitals. They have developed the capacity to
implement relief and rehabilitation activities and created strong
links with both the communities and local government officials.
Each ACT member has carried out a survey in their areas to
determine the actual needs of the communities. While reflecting
the general situation in Malawi as a country, the appeal will
highlight specific conditions in specific communities and suggest
programmes that will try and address those problems.
Background Description of the Emergency Situation
On 29 July 2003, the United Nations launched a 2003-2004
Regional Consolidated Appeal (CAP) for Southern Africa. This
appeal recognises that despite the fact that the humanitarian
assistance and a better harvest in much of the region have
improved the food situation, further assistance is needed for
those families that have not been able to recover from last
year’s crisis. Quoting the Southern African Humanitarian
Crisis Update from UNRIACSO (4 August 2003), “Hundreds of
thousands of people were forced to sell household items and
livestock to survive last year’s crisis and cannot afford to
buy the food which is now available in markets. Seeds and
fertilisers are still urgently needed to produce future harvests,
as are medicines to fight life threatening diseases”.
A Food and Agriculture Organisation/World Food Programme
(FAO/WFP) crop and food supply assessment mission took place in
May 2003. The mission confirmed the crop harvest estimates made
by the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation and is announcing a
cereal harvest of 2.056 million tonnes. With the addition of
carryover stocks brought forward and informal cross-border
imports of maize and rice, the total national cereal availability
is estimated to be about 2.319 million tonnes for an expected
utilisation of 2.413 million tonnes. The gap of 94,000 tonnes of
cereal is expected to be covered by commercial imports and some
food aid, the latter already being in the country. Looking at the
figures, Malawi should therefore have an adequate food supply.
The National Food Reserve Agency (NFRA) is planning to export 100
000 tonnes out of the 250 000 tonnes from its carry over stock
and that is not selling very well on the market due to an excess
of supply and loss of quality of the maize stored in the silos.
However, the Government has indicated that it will keep another
100 000 tonnes in the Strategic Grain Reserve, readily available
in the event of possible maize shortages on the domestic market
(Famine Early Warning System Network FEWS Net report mid-July to
mid-August).
Despite the overall food availability, access to food remains a
major problem for many Malawians whose level of income does not
allow them to purchase the food. Malawi remains one of the
poorest countries in the world, with 65.3 percent of Malawians
who are poor and among them 28.7 percent are extremely poor
(Integrated Household survey 1998). It is also very likely that
the two consecutive years of food crisis (2001-2003) have
resulted in a deepening of the poverty and in the loss of assets
in many households who had to sell them to cope with the
situation.
Despite the emergency response that has been put in place,
Malawi remains faced with a very deep developmental crisis with
long-term implications. The FAO/WFP crop and food assessment
mission report identifies the following elements to explain the
magnitude of this crisis:
High dependence on one sector – the agricultural sector- for
income and growth
Low productivity and production in the agricultural sector; high
population density has not led to agricultural intensification
but rather to rapid depletion of soil nutrients
Dominance of one food crop; conversely, insufficient crop
diversification especially towards drought resistant crops
Insufficient attention to soil fertility management, water
management and holistic farming in the rural farming systems
Insufficient resources going into agricultural support services
Lacklustre performance in the cash crop sector
Insufficient expansion in rural labour markets
Inadequate rural infrastructure
Low levels of educational achievements
The HIV/AIDS pandemic
The toll of the HIV/AIDS pandemic is having a large impact on
the food production levels of the country as it is mostly
affecting the economically active adults: prevalence rate at
national level is 19,5 percent (2001) but varies greatly between
districts and ranges from 9,6 percent to 38,5 percent. In
addition to this, the pandemic increases the costs of living of
many affected families who need to buy medicines, to care for the
sick or contribute to funeral expenses. Another consequence of
the HIV/AIDS pandemic is the dramatic number of orphans1 For 7,5
% of all Malawian children aged 14 years or younger one of their
parents is deceased (Malawi, an atlas of social statistics 2002)
1 that are left behind as well as an increasing number of single
headed, and especially female or child headed, households. These
households represent the most destitute part of the population,
also being the most vulnerable to sexual and political abuses and
as such should and will be the priority target group to benefit
from assistance.
The latest developments of the macroeconomic situation are
worrisome, as the country has just experienced a 15 percent
inflation rate between July and August 2003. The Malawi Kwacha
fluctuated between 89 and 93 MKw/ 1USD in July and reached an
average level of 105 MKw/ 1USD in the third week of August. This
inflation could have a high impact on commodity prices, including
those of food, especially if the fuel prices are raised. Such a
situation was unexpected at this time of year when the opposite
scenario is expected to happen as the tobacco sales are bringing
foreign currency into the country. An explanation put forward is
the withholding of funds by donors who request better
transparency from the Government of Malawi. An increase in
commodity prices will have direct repercussions on the already
limited access to food experienced by many households, thus
increasing further the risk of food shortage for a majority of
the poor, market-dependent households. This illustrates once more
the vulnerability of the country to fluctuations and the
difficulty in securing food access to its population. It also
underlines the importance of conserving a well supplied Strategic
Grain Reserve as well as to control exports to countries in the
region such as Zimbabwe and some parts of Tanzania and Kenya,
that are experiencing food shortages (FEWS Net report Mid-July to
Mid-August 2003).
Concerning the agricultural production 2002-2003, despite
improved harvests for cereals, roots and tubers, several areas
have experienced crop failures for the third consecutive year due
to locally adverse weather conditions (drought and/or floods) and
pest attacks. The FAO/WFP mission has estimated that
approximately 131 500 people will require food assistance
beginning in July 2003; this will peak to 400 000 people from
January to March 2004. Assistance will take the form of food aid
(30 600 tonnes of cereals) as well as agricultural inputs
distributions. The mission estimated that between 175 000 and 200
000 households have suffered crop losses in nine districts within
Mzuzu Agricultural Development Division (ADD), especially in
Mzimba and Rumphi Rural Development Projects (RDP), Karonga ADD,
Salima ADD, Lilongwe ADD and Blantyre ADD, especially in
Blantyre, Mwanza and Phalombe RDPs. Food assistance for HIV/AIDS
affected households and other vulnerable groups outside the nine
districts will also be provided by the 2003/2004 Regional CAP.
The Government of Malawi, with support from DFID has decided to
continue the Targeted Input Programme (TIP) this coming season.
This year, due to limited funds, the intention is to distribute
packs to 1.7 million households as compared to 3.2 millions who
benefited from the programme last year. The beneficiary
identification is underway (Summer TIP Update issue 2, 15 August
2003). This programme will provide a pack containing sufficient
fertilisers, improved maize seed and seed for one of the legumes
(beans, groundnuts or soya beans) to plant 0.1 ha. Inputs are
currently available in the country but the peak period for input
purchase is in September and October and uncertainty remains on
whether the level of supply will be able to meet the demand. The
low purchasing power of most smallholders is again an important
limiting factor for them to access inputs. The TIP has been
running for five years but hasn’t succeeded in reaching a
sustainable solution to the input access problem (FEWS Net report
mid-July to mid-August 2003) and this is raising more and more
concern among the stakeholders involved in emergency and food
security issues.
Each ACT implementing agency (Action by Churches Together)
between June and July also conducted parallel local assessments.
The objective was to identify the populations in need and the
nature of the difficulties that they are facing. The results
correlate with the findings from FAO/WFP joint mission in the
ADDs mentioned in the CAP but additional areas of need have also
been identified. This is in particular the case for the Shire
Valley ADD composed of Chikwawa and Nsanje districts where two
dry spells occurred and affected the food production of some
communities. Moreover, recent floods that followed the opening of
a barrage on the Shire river has resulted in the destruction of
much needed winter crops as well as of some houses. The precision
of the assessments made by well-established local NGOs represents
a significant added value to the process of beneficiary
identification. These assessments took place in the districts
where each agency had been active during the previous crisis and
have been used as a basis for the drawing up of the new appeals
presented by the ACT agencies. The approach taken by the ACT
agencies is very much in line with what the United Nations
agencies are recommending and planning to do, with an
intervention at two levels. A first level of assistance is
concerning direct food aid to the most destitute population
(HIV/AIDS affected families, female and child headed households,
families with many orphans). The second level of response aims at
assisting the affected households to regain their means of
production as well as to improve their food production.
In the light of last year’s response to the crisis the ACT
partners can confidently state that their intervention made a
difference in the lives of the people that they assisted. Good
co-ordination with the other existing food aid pipelines was
established, the major one being under the responsibility of the
WFP and implemented by the Joint Emergency Food Aid Programme
(JEFAP) consortium of NGOs. The experience shows also that there
is no incompatibility in having two or more pipelines involved in
food or other type of aid activities as long as an efficient
co-ordination and sufficient communication and information
sharing is practised at national as well as district level. The
level of funding received for the 2002/2003 Regional Consolidated
Appeal (CAP) is only 73 percent of the 656 million USD for the
region and of 75 percent for the programme in Malawi. The
majority of the donations were earmarked for food aid, while
non-food aid remained seriously under funded (UNRIACSO Southern
African Humanitarian Crisis Update 4 August 2003). A lesson to be
learnt from this experience is that non- food aid seems to be
slightly disregarded by donors. It is therefore hoped that the
presentation of the situation as described above as well as the
argumentation developed in the individual appeals will convince
the donor community of the importance of assisting a significant
part of the population of Malawi to recover from the recent
consecutive food crises that eroded their assets and coping
strategies, which in Malawi means that the line between emergency
and ordinary poverty is very thin. The ACT appeals, in a similar
pattern to the CAP from the UN agencies, are indeed only
partially including food aid in their response and concentrate
mainly on much needed recovery programmes.
The ACT agencies in Malawi have held monthly ACT Fora since June
2002 and these regular meetings have greatly improved the
co-ordination of activities as well as the capacities of each
individual agency. The Forum has now matured and is planning to
continue working together on capacity building and to intensify
its co-ordination work both internally and with other actors such
as the Government of Malawi, the District Commissioners and
District Assemblies, WFP and the implementing NGOs, other UN
agencies, C-SAFE. Following the completion of the last Appeal
AFMW-22, a workshop on lessons learnt was organised by the Malawi
ACT Forum. Lessons learnt were at the workshop and these lessons
will contribute to strengthening the response in the new appeals.
Moreover, the experience gained and the improved capacity in
emergency response encourages the implementing agencies to work
towards long-term solutions as presented in the appeals.
REQUESTING ACT MEMBER
Church of Central Africa Presbyterian (CCAP), Blantyre Synod
IMPLEMENTING ACT MEMBER & PARTNER INFORMATION
CCAP Projects Office Relief Programme has been operational since
early 2002 in Malawi with a field base in Chingale. The main aim
of this disaster relief intervention was to alleviate suffering
and preserve the lives of persons in the Chingale Division of
Zomba District affected by drought and famine through the
provision of emergency relief supplies in a way that would
restore the health of the most vulnerable sectors of the
population as well as equip the general target group to regain
and manage their own future food security. Out of the Chingale
Division’s total population of 189,000 the initial targeted
population was expanded from 26,000 persons to 50,000 persons
(8,500 households in 192 villages) under five group village
headmen of Balamanja, Masaula, Fikira, Mbukwite and Nkasala. The
intervention time frame was extended from the initial 4 months to
16 months; the total time frame covered by this evaluation
extends from February 2002 through May 2003. The five areas
chosen have been the worst hit with floods and drought for the
last two years, resulting in high levels of malnutrition and a
high under-five mortality rate.
BACKGROUND
Chingale Project is situated in the west of Zomba District at
altitude 850metres above sea level. The Thondwe Agriculture
Extension Planning Area bounds it to the south-west, and Blantyre
to the west. To the north-west is the Shire River and Balaka
District while Machinga District is to the north-east.
The area has an annual rainfall of about 900mm with a mean
temperature of 25 degrees Celsius with the hottest day
temperature of 37 degrees Celsius during October to March.
With a rapid population growth of over 4% per annum (Health
Ministry figures), rapid settlements of the late fifties and
early sixties and political influence the land was heavily under
pressure. This resulted in destruction of natural resources
impacting in environmental degradation. Almost all the hills are
bare since trees have been cut for charcoal production. People
have resorted to cultivating along the riverbanks and the
marginal land along and on top of the hills resulting in most of
the rivers becoming dry immediately after the rains.
Politically this area is divided into two constituencies i.e.
Zomba Lisanjala and Zomba Chingale. The area has suffered
under-development for a long time to the extent that it gets cut
off from the rest of the country during the rainy season (bridges
and roads get washed away). In terms of the country’s
Agricultural Administrative organisation, there are 8
Agricultural Development Divisions (ADD). Under these ADDs there
are Project Offices. Chingale is under Zomba project in Liwonde
ADD and is called an Extension Planning Area. This extension
planning area has 18 sections that are manned by Agricultural
Extension Officers. Out of these 18 only 10 have been filled the
rest are unmanned. The total land size is 40,000 hectares of
which only 21,620 hectares are arable. The average land holding
size is 0.8 hectare.
Apart from the Central Government Administration, the country
also has Traditional Administration (TA) structures with the
traditional authority as the top- most rank in a district. Under
the TA there are group villages who in turn have village headmen
under them. There are 6 Traditional Authorities in Zomba;
Chingale falls under one traditional authority with 7 group
village headmen with 240 villages. In the new phase the programme
will work with all the 240 villages, under 12 centres.
The main crop grown in the area is maize seconded by rice along
the river Shire and wetlands. People also grow some leguminous
crops such as groundnuts, pigeon peas, cowpeas and, of late, Soya
beans. Adoption of new agricultural technologies is very low and
most of the farmers grow local maize. Because most farmers have a
low economic base, they cannot afford high-price farm inputs.
This has resulted in most of the households producing just enough
maize for four months of the year. There are only 153 hectares of
irrigated land in the project of which about 90 hectares are
under treadle or motorised pumps. About 160 households have
access to loan facilities; most farmers are unable to get loan
facilities because of high interest rates, which are up to 50%
per annum. There are about 1,650 heads of cattle, 10,800 goats,
2,500 sheep, 37,300 chickens, 400 pigs, 1000 turkey, 1650 guinea
fowls and 300 rabbits. From these figures, the livestock
population of the area is very low in relation to the human
population.
GOAL, OBJECTIVES & MEASURABLE INDICATORS
Goal: the overall goal is to rehabilitate the community
functioning at an equivalent or better level than prior to the
famine and HIV/AIDS crises.
Objectives & Measurable Indicators
Improved food security through integrated food security
programme. Priority to crop diversification methods, extension
services, use of manure, soil and water conservation; to reach
over 11,000 households with agricultural extension methods and
required farm inputs.
Improved child survival programmes including health and hygiene,
education, nutrition and child protection issues. To reduce
morbidity and mortality in children 0-5 and women 15-49 years
old; train 5,000 mothers on better child care; hygiene education;
ensure teachers are sensitised on the protection issues of
children;
Improved women participation in decision-making, education,
health, food security and guidance against abuses. Ensure women
enrolment in adult literacy classes, children under –five
attending pre-schools, opening school gardens etc
Improved psychosocial support to families in crisis due to
famine
Improved awareness programme in terms of community
participation; formation of focus groups, Community Development
Committees etc.
Preventive food rations for high-risk communities; and incentive
or food for agriculture, an approach based on compensating the
communities especially women for participating in other
programmes.
TARGETED BENEFICIARIES
The programme will target the most vulnerable groups in the
community, specifically
8,500 farm families- sixty-eight percent of the farming families
are poor, female headed households and with children in the
under five programme.
5,000 Children under five years of age.
16,000 school children between 5 and 12 years in the
school-feeding programme.
820 orphan children.
2,500 persons in the psychosocial adult literacy, pre-schools
and recreation programme.
3,500 HIV/AIDS infected and affected persons-eighty percent of
these are women and children. Affected persons include elderly
grand parents who look after AIDS orphans.
Criteria in selecting vulnerable households
Through assessing levels of income, possession of livestock, and
other resources.
Malnutrition in children will be determined by a height census
or survey of children entering grade school, or on weight-for-age
of children under five years old.
Availability of land for cultivation (0.5ha) on average and
capacity of households to work it. Beneficiaries must not be
recipients of aid from other organisations.
PROPOSED EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE, IMPLEMENTATION & TRANSITION
The overall design in the recovery and mitigation phase is the
emphasis on community participation. Start –up time will be
shorter because the programme has established credibility, and
has trained and experienced staff. All project staff have worked
in Chingale for at least one year and speak the same language
with the beneficiaries. The project will use the pre-existing
“block structure” (smallest political units called Group
Headman). Each group will be organised into Joint Rehabilitation
Committee (JRCs). Each JRC’s will appoint their own Chairman,
Secretary and committee members. Each JRC will consist of 12
women and 8 men. The local authority including the local chiefs,
women groups and local churches will be represented in the
JRC’s. The 12 Projects Animators (JRCs) will develop
community groups called “ Care Groups” of 15 volunteers each
who meet bimonthly for training, reporting progress, evaluations
and planning. This kind of structure worked very well during the
last intervention in Chingale. These were Joint Relief Committees
in the five centres. In this proposal food will be organised
around the three principles of food distribution within maternal
child health and nutrition programmes.
The intervention will reinforce development objectives by saving
lives and sustaining livelihood: enough resources will be
provided to the communities to resume their livelihood and
productive capacities. The intervention complements the provision
of food aid, which was necessary to sustain lives in the short
run. Given the dependence on agriculture in Malawi, the
intervention will help move the population from dependence
towards a state of self-sufficiency.
The Chingale Recovery and Mitigation Programme proposes to
implement programmes that are community based and volunteer
driven. Community participation and animation will be given
priority. The four key areas of intervention, have been chosen
based on the following criteria:
Morbidity and mortality rates in project area: data from field
staff through a rapid assessment indicates a large number of
deaths from both adults and children.
Likelihood of success from lessons learned in Chingale in Phases
one and two of the last intervention.
Results from the focus groups in the field.
Priority needs of the communities including psychosocial support
to those affected and traumatised by the famine crisis.
CHILD SURVIVAL INTERVENTION
The Intervention falls into two major categories: Maternal
Nutrition and breastfeeding, and childhood nutrition,
particularly at the most vulnerable ages. The target group for
education will be mothers of children under-five years, and a
nutrition rehabilitation programme for malnourished children
under 5 years old.
Activities under child survival will include programmes in one
or more of the following areas: health and nutrition,
agriculture, education and income generating activities. The
Maternal Child health and nutrition programmes will play a key
role in this integrated approach, as they address the way food is
utilised by the population to improve their health and
nutritional status in an effort to reduce malnutrition among
children and women.
Objectives
To improve the health status of children, lactating mothers,
pregnant women and HIV/AIDS patients.
To prevent and control most of the prevalent diseases that are
water borne, like diarrhoea and cholera. Most of the children
suffer from diseases that are water related because of drinking
or washing in dirty water. Most of the wells in Chingale are
broken or unprotected. The programme will rehabilitate 21 shallow
wells through replacement of water pumps and slabs.
To encourage school enrolment and attendance through incentive
school feeding programmes.
To promote environmental hygiene and access to clean water.
To encourage a self-sustainable nutrition supply.
This phase of the programme will reduce the number of
malnourished children in the project area by focusing on the most
critical times in the child’s life: the first 36 months,
particularly weaning. The nutritional strategy comprises two sets
of interventions. The growth monitoring with appropriate
counselling and education will be conducted together with
Ministry of Health. Secondly the preventive approach will be
adopted to provide food rations to households with vulnerable
members at high risk of malnutrition. The food rations will be
used to ensure adequate dietary intake while complementary
interventions are provided, such as health services and education
of mothers and caregivers on childcare, health and nutrition
practices.
Child and Mother Care Intervention: All nutritional
interventions will address specific dangerous practices such as
taking the child off the breast when becoming pregnant as well as
insufficient number of times of feeding per day and nutrient poor
meals. To bring sustainable improvement in nutritional and health
status, the programme will include the following components
related to health and nutrition: -
Training of health promoters and mothers in the control of
diarrhoea diseases and care of respiratory infections; in all 12
designated focus centres in Chingale. Each focus group will train
60 Volunteer Health Workers (VHW) in one year; they will be
trained by the three nurses on hygiene practices, home
cleanliness, environmental health etc.
Education about and promotion of vaccinations for children; the
programme will co-ordinate with Ministry of Health at Zomba
District Hospital to promote vaccination of children against
measles, polio and other immunisable diseases.
Pre-natal and post natal care for pregnant mothers: help mothers
to identify clinics for prenatal and postnatal services;
Nutrition education and distribution of micro-nutrients like
vitamin and iron to children and mothers; High vitamin and
protein food will be provided to severely malnourished children
and mothers. The most notable is Likuni Phala or UNIMIX for
children under five years.
Promotion of exclusive breastfeeding and appropriate
complementary feeding practices for children under –five
years;
Information/education about reproductive health services,
including family planning and control of STDs and HIV/AIDS. STDs
and HIV/AIDS education will be promoted in all the 12 centres.
The community will be educated on the best practices to avoid
being infected with AIDS. For those already affected a care
providers programme will be established.
School Feeding Programme: This is a food incentive programme
for children between ages 6-12 years who left school during the
famine crisis. This is a daily porridge supply to pupils in
standards one to four. The porridge contains maize flour, sugar
and salt. Voluntary mothers cook it while beneficiaries bring
firewood. Local teachers help out in the daily distribution,
controlling the queuing system and curbing problems caused by
older pupils who are not part of the exercise. Teachers have
reported a dramatic 67% increase in the number of children
enrolled and student performance was reported to have improved by
70% since this project was first implemented. The programme will
be implemented in 24 primary schools in Chingale in collaboration
with World Food Programme and Ministry of Education. About 16,000
will benefit from the programme daily for the next six months.
HIV/AIDs Care Programme: Nutritional care and support will
promote the well-being, self-esteem and positive attitude to life
for people and their families living with HIV/AIDs. Health and
balanced nutrition should be one of the goals of counselling and
care for people at all stages of HIV infection. An effective
programme of nutritional care and support will improve the
quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS by: -
Maintaining body weight and strength;
Replacing lost vitamins and minerals;
Improving the function of immune system;
Extending the period from infection to development of the AIDS
diseases;
Improving response to treatment
Keeping HIV infected people active, allowing them to take care
of themselves and their families;
Keeping HIV infected people productive, able to work, grow food
and contribute to the income of their families.
The HIV virus attacks the immune system. In the early stages of
infection a person shows no visible signs of illness, but later
many of the signs of AIDS will become apparent, including weight
loss, fever and diarrhoea and opportunistic infection.
Good nutritional status is very important from the time a person
is infected with HIV. Nutrition education at this early stage
gives the person a chance to build up healthy eating habits and
to take action to improve food security in the home, particularly
as regards the cultivation, storage and cooking of food. The
Chingale Recovery and Mitigation Programme will strive to work
with 300 persons confirmed to be living with AIDS and 820 AIDS
orphans. The programme will provide some opportunistic medical
care, food and a food security programme. The project nurses will
also provide counselling services.
Rehabilitation of water system: In Chingale water related and
water borne diseases are one of the major causes of high
morbidity and mortality rates among children. This is because
water distribution is inadequate. The target population is 60,000
persons living in approximately 192 villages. There are 165 water
resources of which 116 are bore holes, 5 protected wells, 42
pipes and 2 springs. 30% of these water resources are out of use
due to one reason or another i.e. breakdown, parts stolen by
thieves etc. One well serves 250 people. This reveals that more
people are inaccessible to good drinking water supplies.
In other areas women and children walk long distances to carry
water causing major strains on the quality of their lives. This
has resulted in low yield production and participation in
community development projects as more time is wasted in walking
from one point to another to get water.
Strategies
Rehabilitation of old water supplies.
Provision of more bore holes, protected wells, springs and
gravity piped water supplies.
Activities
Involvement of community in the construction and maintenance of
rural gravity fed water schemes.
Training of repair teams, voluntary pump caretakers and water
committees for rural water schemes.
Train local communities in sanitation around bore holes and
pumps to reduce the incidence of diseases.
Community Monitoring System: Another important component of this
programme is the promotion of community based monitoring systems
that rely on promoters and families for data and are linked to
public and or private health providers. Such systems are
critical, for example, in identifying children suffering from
problems requiring referral for high-level medical treatment.
ENHANCED FOOD SECURITY INTERVENTION
Goal
The main goal is to achieve improved medium- to long-term food
security for 8,500 vulnerable farming households in Chingale
through increased food production.
Another goal is to provide another food crop to promote food
diversification in order to reduce the psychological and actual
dependence on maize alone. The second crop will also function as
a safety net, in case the main crop fails. The use of fertilisers
is intended as a one-off boost to farmers, but compost manure
will be encouraged.
Objectives
To improve the food security of 8,500 vulnerable farming
households from the 2003 main harvest (April/May) up to at least
the end of 2004 by enabling food production to be increased.
Train existing staff about the aims and purpose of this food
security intervention and recruit and train additional project
staff.
Work with local community leaders, local committees and farmers
clubs, to explain the aims of food security and develop
appropriate selection criteria.
Conduct awareness training of beneficiary households on good
crop husbandry practices and crop diversification.
Ensure that selection criteria are adhered to at the time of
distribution and that there is a high degree of local community
participation in the distribution process.
PROPOSED ASSISTANCE & IMPLEMENTATION
Implementation Mechanism
The programme is volunteer driven and based on community care
groups model developed in the emergency phase of the Chingale
programme. The community will be organised around “ contact
farmers” approach. From each of the 12 Joint Rehabilitation
Committees (JRCs), the community members will nominate a
sub-committee responsible for food security. The sub-committee
will consist of 15 people from each community. The committees
will be appointed on the basis of being good farmers or
practising good farming. The contact farmers will act as stimuli
or catalysts to the rest. The most prominent ones will be given
the role of contact farmers. These will be trained and equipped
with relevant skills by the project field staff. In turn the
contact farmers will go back to their communities well equipped
and knowledgeable to train other farmers. The multiplier effect
will be enhanced until all household members in the community
including women are effective and efficiently managing their own
small farms. It is expected that the food security committees
will be able to manage their own affairs when the donors pull
out.
Training of farmers in crop husbandry: Every farmer will have
access to new farming technologies. Farmers from one particular
village will be clustered into one cell and amongst them
prominent farmers will be appointed. Farms of these contact
farmers will be utilised for demonstration and training purposes.
The extension workers appointed by the programme will give crop
and animal husbandry lessons. The extension methods will offer
technical information; advisory services and support services to
smallholder farmers to enable them meet their needs and
aspirations within the overall national agricultural objectives.
The agricultural extension and training objectives are as
follows: -
To contact male and female farmers with appropriate and timely
farming messages through the use of block and other applicable
extension systems. Messages will be on crop and animal husbandry
techniques, land use methods that will enhance water and soil
conservation etc.
To expand contact with female farmers through use of targeted
extension messages, service and innovative and suitable methods
for working directly with women;
To provide direction and technical advice to male and female
farmers on agricultural programmes through the development of
specific strategies and targeted activities e.g. horticultural
farming, irrigation etc.
To provide improved seeds e.g. hybrid maize and composite seed
etc.
Encourage Maize Production as a major crop: Maize is grown
largely for home consumption, not for sale. Other crops make a
more important contribution to smallholders’ cash incomes than
maize. The smallholder sub-sector accounts for around 90 per cent
of total maize production. Maize contributes 67 per cent of the
calories in the Malawian diet and maize production takes 70 per
cent of cultivated land. In 2001-2002 the average household maize
deficit was 5.7 months and 86 per cent of households bought maize
in the 2002 lean period. The aim of the smallholder farmer is to
produce as much food as possible,” because smallholders are
risk-averse and seek to avoid dependence on the market. In
Chingale the programme will encourage the community to grow maize
for consumption and also as a cash crop. Suitable maize seed and
fertilisers will be provided to 8,500 farm households this year,
especially for the summer cultivation in October 2003.
Crop Diversification: The idea behind crop diversification is
to grow crops other than traditional ones as well as production
of other crops not promoted in the past in Chingale area. In
recent years crop failures have been experienced because of
drought, flood, pests and disease outbreaks, and other adverse
weather conditions. As a result it has become necessary to grow
more than one crop in order to reduce risks of crop failure.
Where more than one crop is grown in the season, the farmers
reduce the risk of total loss of food supply and cash return in
the event of some of the crop failing. In Chingale cassava was
introduced in the last intervention. Four thousand farm
households were provided with Cassava cuttings and beans. The
programme will introduce other crops like sweat potatoes,
vegetables, soya bean, cowpeas, sorghum and millet.
Vegetable Development: The programme will introduce vegetable
gardening in all seasons in Chingale and especially along the
Shire River. Vegetables are an important source of mineral salts
and vitamins, which are vital for health, especially for women
and children. In addition to being an important food crop, they
provide income. Despite being widely grown in the country,
adequate supplies of vegetables are mostly only available in the
rainy season. As a result supplies are not adequate throughout
the year. Production of other exotic vegetables such as rape,
cabbages, lettuce, tomatoes, and onion will be encouraged.
Farmers will also be encouraged to grow and store indigenous
vegetable e.g. Bonongwe, Chitambe and chisoso etc.
Compost Manure: Most of the farmers are aware of the advantages
of manure especially from the animals and compost. With the ever
increasing cost of fertilisers, the use of organic manure becomes
more and more important. Manure not only supplies plant nutrients
to the soil but also improves its structure, water holding
capacity and resistance to erosion. Extension staff will advise
the farmers to establish more compost manure instead of
purchasing fertilisers.
Seed multiplication farms Appropriate seed multiplication
technologies will be incorporated in the extension programme and
contact farmers will be encouraged to implement these activities.
The seed variety of maize, beans and other legumes will be sorted
for multiplication purpose. This programme will operate through
collaboration with research institutes, other organisations and
the Ministry of Agriculture.
Establishment of farmers groups in educational and other
institutions: The programme will enhance the capacity of
institutions like schools, farmers clubs, churches, mosques,
adult literacy classes and women to organise themselves into a
communal farming system. The communal farming system supports
special vulnerable groups such as those without farms or school
gardens. Proceeds from these farms go to assist orphan children,
disabled people or help vulnerable women’s groups cultivate a
crop. Some of the proceeds are sold for communal purposes such
as the construction of a school or feeding programme for orphans
or HIV victims. The programme will provide appropriate technical
support and advice, seed and fertilisers.
Community Grain Banks: In times of plenty communities waste
resources and commercial businessmen exploit the people by buying
all crops harvested. Within a short time, the community finds
itself buying at three or four times the price. The programme
intends to organise groups under a credit programme. The credit
facility will include training of the groups in financial
management, purchasing techniques, storage and reselling in times
of scarcity. The programme will help the poor buy food at
affordable prices during lean times.
Livestock Restocking Programme: Livestock diseases have
eliminated large numbers of livestock in Malawi. It is estimated
that the number of livestock is less than the population.
Livestock contributes considerably to the nutrition of people
especially the children and women. In Chingale, due to diseases
like East Coast fever and foot and mouth many livestock died
during 2000-2001. Poultry population was also affected. The
programme intends to increase the number of livestock, especially
the small ruminants, through a restocking programme. A small
stock of 60 goats, 60 sheep and 200 chicken will be purchased
from the neighbouring districts and given to groups of people to
rear on a communal basis. The animals are expected to multiply
and be redistributed to other communities. The distribution
criteria will be based on vulnerability of the household and
guarantees from Chiefs, JRCs and local authority recommendations.
The Programme staff and JRCs will monitor the selection criteria
to avoid favouritism and nepotism. Those selected will be trained
and equipped with all necessary animal husbandry skills to manage
the livestock. Veterinary support will be provided through the
Ministry of Agriculture and programme staff.
Soya Bean Development: The Soya Bean is the main ingredient
(60%) of Likuni Phala or UNIMIX a high protein /vitamin food
supplement for children under-five years. The rationale for this
programme is to promote the cultivation of soya beans as a raw
material for local processing of Likuni Phala by mothers. Mothers
in the under-five programme will be encouraged to grow Soya Bean,
process it and give to their children as a way to promote
nutritional feeding. In the emergency phase 600 women from one
centre at Masaula participated in the cultivation of 0.1 acre
each on a pilot basis. The trial has been very successful and the
programme will be extended to other centres in Chingale.
Apart from feeding the children, the legume has many other uses
– it has nitrogen fixing capabilities, and can provide protein
for human and livestock consumption. It is especially good for
pregnant women and lactating mothers. It also serves as a good
substitute in areas where groundnut pops are prevalent. The crop
can be grown under a wide range of climatic conditions in Malawi.
Many commercial processing firms like Rab Process have indicated
interest in marketing the product if grown in large quantities in
Chingale. Most of the soya for food processing in the country is
imported. The programme will target 5,000 women in five centers.
Staff Development : Apart from training the community and
organising them in farming groups, there is a need to retrain
CCAP staff. The Management will organise workshops and seminars
for staff. Facilitation will be required from other institutions
in Malawi and abroad. Funding will be set aside for short and
medium courses.
PSYCHOSOCIAL PROGRAMMES
Complex emergency situations like famine and assault have
consequences for people affected physically, spiritually,
psychologically, socially and existentially. Psychosocial efforts
are meant to assist in working through, and healing the damage
inflicted in a person’s mind and in their social set ups. The
psychosocial efforts will build on local initiatives and on the
target groups’ participation, and should have a high degree of
sensitivity and understanding of the local and cultural context.
Experience has shown that psychosocial activities are necessary
to stabilise and improve the strong reactions people have after
emergency situation. Such activities are necessary to treat
“normal reactions” in “ abnormal situations”. In
Chingale many families have lost authority, family and social
structures no longer function and the lack of these has led to
chaos. Necessary local structures and organisation need to be
reinforced to take care of these needs. The psychosocial
activities such as educational awareness and sports will help
heal some of the abnormal situations.
Objectives:
To assist affected people to attain a stable life and integrated
functioning to restore hope, dignity, mental well being and sense
of normality.
Create awareness and knowledge of psychosocial aspects at all
levels i.e. from extension workers to local leaders and the
community in general.
The Psychosocial programme was introduced in Chingale
Rehabilitation Project in 2003. Its core goal was to rehabilitate
or restore community functioning at equivalent or better levels
prior to the crisis of famine and HIV/AIDS. The target area and
beneficiaries were adopted from the five centres that were within
the programme namely Fikira, Nkasala, Masaula, Mbukwite,
Balamanja and one additional centre at Koloti. Its areas of focus
were Early Childhood Development, Functional Literacy, HIV/AIDS
Awareness, School Age Recreation and Community Care Givers
Training.
Early Childhood Development: Early Childhood is tailored
towards helping children improve their education level before
joining the formal primary school. The target group are children
from disadvantaged community families especially mothers with
children in the under-five programme.
The children are psychologically prepared through interaction
with one another, playing, singing, telling stories, cleanliness
and reading and writing. They gain confidence and are able to
speak openly and air their views. The programme is established
around community participation: The community members appoint
volunteers teachers, who are then trained by the programme in
collaboration with official associations of Pre-schools
education. The purpose is for them to understand the current
government curriculum and teaching methods. The programme also
provides all teaching material and pays honorarium to teachers.
The parents have been made to be aware of the importance of
sustaining this activity when the donors leave.
The programme intends to expand to other villages not covered by
this programme. Presently there are six classes with 800
children; five more classes will be established to cater for
additional 600 children.
Functional Adult Literacy: Eighty five percent of the
beneficiaries of relief aid were women and most of them could
neither read nor write, therefore the adult literacy project came
as a response to thumb printing instead of name signing when
receiving relief items. Secondly it will empower women with
reading and writing skills, so as to enable them to participate
in development work such as in agricultural, health and
sanitation projects. Thirdly it will give them necessary
understanding through civic education so that they are able to
participate and understand their political, social and economic
rights.
Current Statistics in the adult literacy classes:
Center
Male
Female
Total
Balamanja
Nkasala
Malundu
Fikira
Mbukwite
Waliyala
Masaula
4
2
4
2
2
-
6
27
85
71
75
36
27
64
31
87
75
77
38
27
70
20
385
405
The above table indicates the number of participants in this
programme. This initiative has received a very positive response
from the community. It is a community-based intervention and
currently includes adult literacy classes at seven centers, with
seven teachers trained to teach the 405 persons enrolled, and
Pre-Schools with 12 teachers to teach 800 children enrolled. The
programme in this phase intends to increase the number of adult
literacy centers from seven to twelve to cater for more women
interested in the programme.
Recreation Activities: During the famine crisis, the youth were
just idling around, with many of them turning to stealing,
smoking cannabis and drinking illegal brews. Recreational
activities were established to occupy most of these youth. Some
had formed football and volleyball teams and other games in the
past, but due to lack of equipment the teams collapsed. The
programme is striving to revive those teams and establish new
ones. Women have also organised themselves into netball clubs
etc. There are also drama and singing groups depicting the
HIV/AIDs messages. These groups have become very effective tools
of information dissemination in the community. The youth have
also organised themselves into income generating activities such
as vegetable and maize cultivation, and rearing of chickens for
sale.
HIV/AIDS Awareness: the youth through playgroups have been
organised to facilitate dissemination of HIV/AIDs information.
The programme will enhance their capability through provision of
more training, information material and equipment needed. The
programme will work closely with the child survival activities.
Local competence in Psychosocial work: Care Givers Capacity
Building
Caregivers are all those involved in one aspect or the other in
programme activities. Some of the staff members become
traumatised through dealing with some of the problems faced by
the more vulnerable affected people. This can manifest itself in
the form of nightmares and hallucinations amongst others. They
need a staff support system or assistance, which could be
spiritual or psychological. A volunteer team consisting of local
pastors and competent social counsellors will help and support
the staff in the field. Local church groups will also be trained
and equipped to handle such cases locally.
Strengthening the economic and social welfare of weaker groups
in the community e.g. women, especially widows, people living
with HIV/AIDs, orphans and children in difficult circumstances.
The programmes have assessed and identified several communities
who still need long-term support. They are considered vulnerable
because they do not own any land or assets of any kind. Another
group is the orphan children taking care of their young brothers
and sisters; there are also widows whose husbands have died of
AIDS or other diseases. These special groups need a kick-start in
their economic life. The programme will strive to engage them
into meaningful income generating activities so that in the
future they are not dependent on donations and aids. They will be
given small loans or materials such as seed or hand-tools and
trained to start an income generating activity.
Child Protection and human right issues: Protection of children
and women is a priority and the assistance will be provided with
awareness of the threats posed to women and especially female
children. There are also dangers faced by men and boys, in each
particular aspect. The programme staff will be made aware and
understand their responsibilities to reduce, mitigate and prevent
additional harm from occurring whenever possible. Violence
against women is assessed, monitored and documented throughout
the programme cycle. Human right issues will be discussed with
the community leaders, so that they are aware of repercussions.
Human rights organisations in collaboration with Ministry of
Gender and Community Services will be invited to facilitate
workshops in the programme area.
Preventive Food Rations For High –Risk Communities : The
programme will continue to provide food rations to selected high
risk community members in accordance with the standards
prescribed by WFP. A daily 100% ration per person (equivalent to
approximately 2,000 Kcal) comprises: 400 grams cereals, 60 grams
pulses, 15 grams edible oil and 5 grams salt.
In order to meet the critical food needs of the local population
without creating a disincentive for domestic food production, the
programme will provide a daily supplementary ration of 400gms of
cereal per person for 6 months from the month of January 2004.
WFP and other organisations will be approached to provide the
rest of the requirement e.g. edible oil, pulses and salt. The
target group will include:
Severely malnourished children under 5- 4 kgs of UNIMIX (Likuni
Phala) per week for two weeks under the child survival
programme.
Under nourished – 2 kgs of UNIMIX per week for two weeks under
child survival programme.
5,000 mothers in under-five programme: Maize and corn flour.
2,000 widows and orphaned people.
Disabled persons:
Aids Victims who cannot work
Elderly persons
Field Food monitors will continue to work closely with the local
joint relief and rehabilitation committees (JRCs). This will
minimise the dilution of food rations as a result of sharing or
re-distribution and will help target the most vulnerable persons
within each community.
Rehabilitation Component
In addition to addressing the emergency requirements within
Chingale, the programme is also committed to assisting the local
population to re-establish support mechanisms and coping
strategies in order to be better equipped to respond to future
crises. Due to a series of droughts and floods that have
affected the country, many people who depend on agricultural
production have been subjected to poverty. For people to settle
back to their lands they will need support in the agricultural
sector through provision of farm inputs e.g. seeds, farm tools
and agricultural technology to enable them plant and harvest.
In conjunction with its general distribution of emergency food
aid, CCAP through its partner Presbyterian Disaster Response
Programme will request USAID, BHR, OFDA and ACT to fund
rehabilitation programmes in agriculture and various economic
development projects. These projects will provide the essential
complementary activities. The agricultural development program
will provide agricultural inputs (seeds and tools) and training
in appropriate agricultural technology to farmers during the
period October 1, 2003 to March 31, 2004. The Child Survival care
project will assist children under five, pregnant women,
lactating mothers, elderly, disabled and chronically ill people,
in the same area during the period June 1, 2003 to June 31, 2004.
CCAP will establish two primary health care centres in Chingale,
which will provide screening of 5,000 children under-five-years
per month (an estimated 250 of whom will require therapeutic
feeding). And referred to other health centres.
Linking Relief To Development/Capacity Building.
To provide linkages between this emergency relief assistance and
development, a crosscutting theme is capacity building of
indigenous NGOs, churches and communities. This includes their
participation in all aspects of the project including
assessments, planning, distribution, and monitoring. In
recognition of the importance of facilitating the transition from
relief to development, CCAP is also planning to assist the local
community rehabilitate a number of derelict school classrooms and
other public buildings in Chingale. These buildings will be used
temporarily by CCAP as storage facilities for the food
commodities, but will then be handed over to the community once
the food distribution has been completed.
Training workshops in the OFDA agricultural rehabilitation
proposal are planned in the same beneficiary locations. The
purpose of these workshops is to enable the beneficiaries to plan
ahead and respond in a timely manner to future food shortages and
other disasters. Training in community development and awareness
will be undertaken through community development groups, e.g.
women’s groups and youth and community leaders. Fifteen
various groups have been identified for training in capacity
building. In addition, CCAP will assist communities in planning
disaster preparedness, prevention and mitigation. CCAP will
assess the existing capacities within the communities in the
project area to respond to disaster in the future. This will be
done through proposed disaster preparedness workshops to be held
during the project implementation. CCAP will strive to help
local communities recover from disaster and build
self-sufficiency through provision of various services e.g.
agricultural rehabilitation, for one year.
Rehabilitation assistance will attempt to restore the
self-sufficiency of those affected by the drought and disaster
affected communities through implementation of projects in which
the communities themselves will participate. Qualified personnel
from CCAP and trained Malawian counterparts will provide the
training for local NGOs, churches and communities.
Food security will be substantially increased when the farmers
harvest by the end of the planting season, reducing food
dependency from outside. New technology through the intended crop
husbandry methods will increase the local land productivity.
There will be a multiplier effect of 1:4 whereby each of the
trained farmers will train 4 more people within the project
period. From the present planting, people will generate their
own seeds for future plantings. With improved supply of food
from the harvest there will be reduction in malnutrition and
related diseases.
The agricultural implementation plan will be based on a
participatory approach to the agricultural program. Wherever
possible, Senior Chiefs, Sub-Chiefs and local leaders (housing
group leaders) will be involved. CCAP will expand and build upon
this current implementation plan and use it as a framework for
operations enhancement. CCAP will hire the service of an
agriculturist with training in agricultural extension services.
He will conduct one-week seminars for identified contact farmers.
The farmers will be asked to train 4 farmers each and the process
will continue. It is anticipated that this local system will
continue after the project has formally ended.
With favourable weather, people should be self-sufficient in
food production after being given seeds and farming tools. The
introduction of newer appropriate technology, seed banks, and
training workshops will enable the farmer families to be better
prepared for future adverse agricultural situations.
The programme will co-ordinate with other NGOs to conduct joint
food security and nutrition surveys, modify food distribution
plans based on the findings of the assessments, and establish an
effective referral system whereby families whose children are
admitted to the under 5 clinics are targeted during general food
distributions. These under 5 clinics for children under five and
other vulnerable persons are provided for in the request to ACT.
In addition, CCAP, GTZ and Catholic Relief Services (CRS) are
jointly involved in relief supply in Zomba District. All of the
organisations from the PVO community active in Malawi meet every
month to share experiences and co-ordinate future plans of
action.
CCAPs’ methodology for food distribution is based on a
participatory approach. This will facilitate effective targeting
of the most vulnerable members of each community and will
minimise the diversion and informal redistribution of food aid
commodities (practices which result in a much wider distribution
of a much smaller amount of food per beneficiary). This method
involves the local joint relief and rehabilitation committees
(JRRCs) within each centre. The JRRCs will each comprise a
maximum of 20 representatives from the following groups:
Local church leaders from various denominations
District Commissioner representatives
Local authority officials, e.g. The Civil Administrator,
Traditional leaders, e.g. Senior Chiefs, Sub-Chiefs and GOM
leaders. The tribal or senior chiefs are traditional,
community-based leaders who are officially recognised by the
Government.
Women representatives
Beneficiary representatives
WFP, CCAP and other NGO food monitors
The JRRCs are responsible for:
Identifying the general food requirements within their
communities, in addition to the most vulnerable persons.
Receiving and storing relief food supplies.
Providing adequate security for the stored food.
Overseeing the distribution of the food, in conjunction with
CCAP and other NGOs working in the areas. The CCAP Field officers
will be responsible to CCAP and the committees.
In addition to the JRRCs within each centre, another committee
chaired by the Commissioner is responsible for the overall
co-ordination of all relief and development activities within
each district. In order to maximise the involvement of the
stakeholders and ensure that the most vulnerable persons within
each community are effectively targeted, CCAP food distributions
will be as decentralised as possible. CCAP has identified a total
of 10 separate locations (called “End Distribution Points” or
“EDPs”) within each centre where distribution will take
place. The efficient management of the distribution process and
the maintenance of accurate commodity accounts will further be
enhanced by the presence of Food Monitors in each centre.
Furthermore, CCAP field staff will conduct frequent PDM
assessments in order to ensure that the food actually reaches its
intended beneficiaries and is utilized effectively.
ADMINISTRATION, FINANCE, MONITORING & REPORTING
Administration
The Field Supervisor, five Field Officers, three nurses, one
finance officer, two drivers etc will supervise the project. They
will provide necessary administrative and other support through
guidance and training from the Relief Specialist. The Relief
Specialist will report to ACT and other donors. Logistics will be
based at the field level and supported by the Relief Office based
at the Projects office, Blantyre Synod in all purchases, hiring
of transport etc.
All programme staff will be full time, fluent in Chichewa, and
have community experience. All staff of middle management and
above are also fluent in English. All staff will be employees of
the Projects Office, CCAP and subject to their personnel policies
and remuneration.
The Relief Specialist will be responsible for reporting to ACT
Partners. Five area Field Officers will report to the Field
Supervisor based in Chingale. The Field Officers will be
responsible for co-ordinating the project work within their own
catchment areas where they will reside.
Finance
The Financial reports will be prepared on a monthly basis from
the projects office by the Finance Officer. The reports will be
incorporated into established standard reporting systems agreed
by ACT Geneva. A separate account has been opened dedicated to
the Relief Programme.
Monitoring & Reporting
Monitoring and reporting systems will be an integral component
of this program and will take place at five main levels:
Field staff will conduct weekly baseline food security and
nutritional status assessments in order to continuously reassess
the need for and recalibrate the targeting of emergency food aid
in Chingale division.
Field staff will prepare and submit weekly narrative and
statistical reports to the Field Supervisor for review and
evaluation.
The Field Supervisor will be responsible for the overall
monitoring of the progress and will compile the information
contained in the weekly reports into a single monthly progress
report. The Field Supervisor will then forward it to the Relief
Specialist in Blantyre for further analysis before submitting it
to the donors.
CO-ORDINATION
In Blantyre and Lilongwe there are regular inter-agency
co-ordination meetings, under the leadership of the UN office for
Humanitarian Co-ordination and the National Commission for
Disaster and Relief. At these meetings all agencies with their
Government counterparts inform one another on activities being
undertaken, areas of operation and other updates. At the sector
levels, for example, in Chingale, there are the Agricultural
Co-ordination Meetings, which regularly bring together all
agencies in the agricultural sector, to co-ordinate activities,
agree on areas of operations and harmonise strategies and to some
extent try to distribute agreed upon categories and quality of
inputs. This is the case in other sectors, education and
training, local authority, among others. Church Action Relief and
Development is the Relief and Development arm of the Malawi
Council of Churches, and it co-ordinates all relief activities of
Christian organisations affiliated to ACT.
CCAP also co-ordinates with other NGOs primarily in conducting
Joint Food Security and nutrition surveys, modifying food
distribution plans based on the findings of the assessments, and
establishing effective referral systems whereby families whose
children are admitted to the Community Health Centres (mostly
run by the Anglican Church in Chingale) are targeted during
general food distributions. These health centres for children
lack most of the medical supplies and drugs.
In Chingale the only evidence of other NGOs is World Vision,
involved in the care of Aids Orphans at Nkasala, one of the
villages CCAP is targeting. CCAP will collaborate with WFP and
UNICEF in nutritional assessments.
IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
Months
Activities Description
Remarks
June
Assessments & Surveys
Before the new Appeals
July
Proposal Writing
Presented for funding
August
Recruitment of Staff
New staff
September
Under-five assessment
Nurses
October
Purchase of farm inputs
Staff
November
Training of farmers
Staff
December
Planting of farm inputs
Planting season
January
Food ration
Food Monitors
February
Crop Monitoring
Food Security staff
March
Psychosocial training
Activities ongoing
April
Tentative report to ACT
Report writing
May
Internal Evaluation
Staff in Field
June
Auditing
External Auditors
July
Situation Report
External Reporting
BUDGET
INCOME US$
Income Received or Pledged
Balances from AFMW22 140,000
Food Resource Bank (USA) 72,000
Presbyterian Disaster Assistance USA 130,000
Christian Aid Winter Seed 37,000
Total Income 379,000
ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE
Description Type of No of Unit Cost Budget
Unit Units US$ US$
DIRECT ASSISTANCE
Recovery and Mitigation Phase
Assistance
Child Survival Programme Under-five and
mothers
Training of health
promoters Workshops 22 200.00 4,400
Promotion of
vaccination Workshops 12 200.00 2,400
Purchase of mosquito nets unit 5,000 4.00 20,000
Prenatal and post natal activities Lump
sum 800
Purchase of UNIMIX or Likuni Phala tonne
320 300.00 96,000
Promotion of exclusive
breastfeeding Workshops 22 200.00 4,400
Reproductive health
education Workshops 6 100.00 600
School Feeding programme tonne 180 160.00 28,800
Utensils for school feeding programme Lump
sum 4,500
HIV/AIDs Care tonne 20 160.00 3,200
Rehabilitation of Water
Systems wells 28 300.00 8,400
Community Monitoring
systems Workshops 3 200.00 600
Medical Supplies Lump sum 28,000
Sub-Total 202,100
Enhanced Food Security Programme
Training of farmers in crop
husbandry Training/workshop 30 200.00 6,000
Promotion of Maize Production kgs 17,000 2.00 34,000
Fertilizer kgs 74,000 0.50 37,000
Other Seeds kgs 10,000 1.00 10,000
cowpeas, sweat potatoes, soya
beans,etc kgs 10,000 0.90 9,000
Vegetable seeds kgs 800 4.00 3,200
Training in compost manure
use workshops 6 200.00 1,200
Sub-Total 100,400
Description Type of No of Unit Cost Budget
Unit Units US$ US$
Livestock Restocking Project
Goats goats 60 10.00 600
Sheep sheep 60 10.00 600
Local Chicken chicken 200 2.00 400
Veterinary Medicines Lump sum 1,500
Seed Multiplication Training 30 50.00 1,500
Establishment of farmers
groups Training 12 250.00 3,000
Food - Community Grain Banks tonnes 100 180.00 18,000
Treadle Pumps units 30 130.00 3,900
Hoes and Matchets pieces 2,000 2.00 4,000
Sub-Total 33,500
Psychosocial Activities
Early Childhood Development Lump
sum 8,900
Functional Adult Literacy Lump
sum 15,000
Recreational Activities Lump
sum 4,500
HIV/AIDs Awareness Workshops 12 200.00 2,400
Care Giver Trainings Workshops 12 200.00 2,400
Child Protections and Human Right
issues Workshops 3 1,000.00 3,000
Micro enterprise for 100 women Lump
sum 15,000
Renovation of adult literacy
centres units 4 300.00 1,200
Sub-Total 52,400
Preventive Food Ration to High Risks people
Food for 5000 People (4
months) tonnes 1000 180.00 180,000
Fortified food for preg & lactating
Mothers tonnes 250 200.00 50,000
Sub-Total 230,000
MATERIAL , TRANSPORT, WAREHOUSING & HANDLING
Protective Clothing and Uniforms Lump
sum 2,000
Material Transport (Food & Items Lump
sum 12,000
Sub-Total 14,000
Capital equipment
Motor-bikes units 2 4,000.00 8,000
VHF Radios units 2 4,500.00 9,000
Photocopier units 1 3,000.00 3,000
Bicycles ( Mountain) units 10 120.00 1,200
Sub-Total 21,200
PERSONNEL, ADMINISTRATION, OPERATIONS & OTHER SUPPORT COSTS
Personnel and Support costs
Field Supervisor month 9 400.00 3,600
Monitoring and Evaluation
Officer month 9 350.00 3,150
Finance Officer month 9 400.00 3,600
Commodity Officer month 9 250.00 2,250
Administrative Assistants month 9 300.00 2,700
Typist month 9 150.00 1,350
Caretaker month 9 150.00 1,350
Messenger month 9 100.00 900
Drives 2 month 9 200.00 1,800
Guards 8 month 9 100.00 900
Sub-Total 21,600
Description Type of No of Unit Cost Budget
Unit Units US$ US$
Child Survival
Nurses 3 month 9 380.00 3,420
Nutritionist month 9 300.00 2,700
Health Assistant ( honorioum)
7 month 9 50.00 450
Sub-Total 6,570
Food Security
Food Security Officer 2 month 9 300.00 2,700
Extension Assistants 3 month 9 200.00 1,800
Sub-Total 4,500
Psychosocial
Psychosocial Supervisor month 9 380.00 3,420
Psychosocial Officer month 9 350.00 3,150
Instructors (honorarium) 24 month 9 60.00 540
Sub-Total 7,110
Staff Benefits
Medical Insurance Lump sum 6,000
Travel Allowances Lump sum 6,500
Project Travels Lump sum 3,500
10% Staff gratuity Lump sum 2,210
Sub-Total 18,210
Office Operation
Field Office rents months 9 200.00 1,800
Warehouse months 9 200.00 1,800
Stationery months 9 300.00 2,700
Computer maintainance months 9 100.00 900
Electricity and water
conservants months 9 50.00 450
Office Renovation Lump sum 3,000
Telephones, faxes and emails months 9 450.00 4,050
Public and media Lump sum 4,500
Fuel monthly 9 800.00 7,200
Maintenance monthly 9 800.00 7,200
Insurance and road licenses Lump
sum 8,500
Sub-Total 42,100
Capacity Building
Staff Development Training person 5 700.00 3,500
Establishment & Training of committees
Workshops 12 800.00 9,600
Leadership Training Workshops 3 800.00 2,400
Disaster Preparedness Trainings Lump
sum 10,000
Sub-Total 25,500
Audit fees Lump sum 3,000
Total Estimated Expenditure 782,190
Less Income/Pledges 379,000
BALANCE REQUESTED FROM ACT NETWORK 403,190
REQUESTING ACT MEMBER
Church of Central African Presbyterian (CCAP), Synod of
Livingstonia
IMPLEMENTATING ACT MEMBER & PARTNER INFORMATION
The Synod of Livingstonia embarked on its relief programme in
1980s as a response to the destruction caused by cyclones. In
1990, the Synod’s Development Committee was established as a
separate initiative responsible for the clean water, food
security (agriculture) and micro-enterprise programmes to
communities within the Synod. In 1992, the Relief Program and
Development Committee amalgamated to form the Development and
Relief Department, known today as the Development Department.
Since then, Malawi has experienced a spectrum of natural
disasters each year, in the form of drought, floods cyclones,
famine, etc keeping the Development Department fully involved in
co-ordination and implementation of relief projects.
As an arm of the CCAP Synod of Livingstonia, the Development
Department caters to the whole northern region. This region
consists of the CCAP Synod of Livingstonia catchment area,
including five districts and part Malawi’s central region.
DESCRIPTION of the EMERGENCY SITUATION
A recent survey conducted by Livingstonia Synod Development
Department in June 2003 in Karonga, Mzimba, Rumphi and Kasungu
where the department distributed inputs to 21,700 families
complemented by food aid showed that the majority (36.75%)of
households in Mzimba out of 13,400 targeted families have food
for 3-4 months, 38% out of 2,600 targeted households in Rumphi
have food for 3-4 months, 42.5% out of 2,000 targeted families in
Kasungu have food for 1-2 months and 71.5% out of 3,700 targeted
families in Karonga have food for less than 1 month from the date
of the survey in June 2003.
Effect of Seed Project and Food Aid on the Current Food
Situation
The projects in conjunction with food aid carried out by the
department, WFP and other NGOs had a significant effect on the
crop productivity. Apart from benefits to health and strength,
the time saved by farmers not having to look for food was used to
cultivate and take good care of their fields such as weeding,
banking, etc. Food aid has also minimized the premature
consumption of green maize thereby at least improving the final
yield and production. This has enabled most families to have
their own food now leaving only a few without own food. For
example the 2001-2002 production season indicated that 4,529
families out of 5,436 in Mpherembe had no food, 2233 farming
families out of 4,313 for Malidade had no food while 2002-2003
season above shows that 1,465 farming families out of 6,977 for
Mpherembe and 1,314 farming families out of 4,694 for Malidade
have no own food as of now.
Following these results, the department plans to continue with
integration of programmes in order to help completely reduce the
suffering of the household without own food
The survey conducted by the department also revealed that levels
of malnutrition reduced to 4.6% on average from 12% around the
same time last season but this is likely to be worse as the
months progress if another intervention is not made. The
department plans to reduce these levels further or maintain these
levels up to the same time 2004.
The United Nations System, including FAO, OCHA, UNICEF, UNFPA,
UNDP, WFP and WHO, in collaboration with NGOs and the Southern
Africa Development Community (SADC), are also appealing for
US$530 million- US$320 million for food and US$210 million for
other aid to address the humanitarian needs of 6.5 million
vulnerable people in Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland,
Zambia and Zimbabwe. In addition to food aid, the 12 months
appeal also seeks to fund water and sanitation, agriculture,
education and health projects.
It is out of these factors that the department would like to
assist those families, which have not been able to recover from
last year’s emergency with food, agriculture inputs and health
component, despite reports that Malawi has plenty of food.
GOALS & OBJECTIVES
Goal: The main goal is to alleviate the suffering and sustain
the lives of extremely vulnerable families in CCAP Synod of
Livingstonia catchment area in the northern region of Malawi by
means of integrated food security strategies.
Objectives
To procure and distribute food aid and inputs (i.e. Maize,
cassava) in order to meet the critical needs and improve the
nutritional status of vulnerable families in Karonga, Rumphi,
Mzimba, Nkhota-kota and Nkhata-bay from October 2003 to June 2004
(9 months).
To procure and distribute other non-food supplies like vitamins
supplements, malaria drugs bed nets and water guards in order to
reduce negative effects of water to the programme.
To prevent the increase of malnutrition among vulnerable people
in hunger stricken areas of Malawi by provision of food.
To prevent the food crisis repeating itself in the 2003 to 2004
season by assisting people in developing their capacities to
recover from the shock of the crisis and also provide them with
the means to produce adequate and diversified food supplies for
themselves.
To alleviate the suffering and preserve the lives of extremely
vulnerable farming families in CCAP Synod of Livingstonia
catchment area in the northern region of Malawi by means of an
integrated relief programme.
To prevent 7,000 families from eating and selling their input
packages provided to them either by Livingstonia Synod or the
government TIP.
To create awareness amongst the food insecure people on the
causes of the food crisis and enhance their capacity to develop
appropriate solutions to its cause while providing them with some
means of production.
To prevent 7,000 families from applying distressed coping
mechanisms such as pawning, labour sales, promiscuity, reduced
meal frequency and migration to towns and schemes through the
provision of 3,150mt of maize food, 283.50mt Likuni phala, 252mt
beans, malaria drugs, 7,000 bed nets and 1,400 packets of water
guard; 21,000 families will be provided with 42mt maize seed,
42mt bean seed, 210mt fertilizer, 105mt cassava cuttings and
6,000 families with 60mt rice seed.
PROPOSED EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE & IMPLEMENTATION
Food Supplies:
3150mt of maize food to 7,000 beneficiaries over 9 months
(October 03 to June 04).
252mt of beans to 7,000 families over 9 months (October 03 –
June 04).
283.50mt of Likuni phala to 7,000 families over 9 months
(October 03 – June 04)
Agricultural Inputs:
42mt of masika maize seed distributed to 21,000 families
distribution by October, 2002
42mt of bean seed to 21,000 families
210mt of fertiliser to 21,000 families distribution by October,
2003
105mt of cassava cuttings to 21,000 families to be distributed
in October, 2003
60mt of rice seed to 6,000 families by October, 2003
Non Food Determinants
1,400 boxes of water guard to 7,000 beneficiaries for six months
(October 2003 – June 2004).
7,000 bed nets to prevent malaria
Malaria drugs
15 training and Health Education campaigns
Performance Indicators
CCAP Synod of Livingstonia will supply and distribute a total of
3,685.5mt of food aid (3,150mt of maize food, 252mt of beans and
283.50mt of Likuni phala) to the targeted population by 30 June
2004. Monthly distribution rates will be according to the sphere
standards.
CCAP Relief Field Supervisors will make every effort to conduct
continuous post distribution monitoring assessments.
The under-five and crude mortality rates within the population
will be further reduced by end 2004. These levels will be
maintained until the 2003/2004 harvest.
The malnutrition rates for 85% of the targeted population will
be reduced by December 2003 and will be maintained until 2004
harvest. Health personnel, department staff and other local NGO
staff will conduct ongoing nutrition surveys in order to monitor
the overall nutritional status of the target population.
CCAP Synod of Livingstonia will supply and distribute a total of
459mt of agricultural production inputs (42mt maize seed, 42mt
beans, 210mt fertiliser, 105mt cassava and 60mt rice) to the
targeted population by October 2003 to boost production in 2004.
CCAP Synod of Livingstonia Field Supervisors will make every
effort to conduct four visits of monitoring for the production
inputs, and at the end, the supervisors will conduct yield
estimates based on 5 x 5m square plot.
CCAP will supply and distribute a total of 42,000 boxes of water
guard, 7,000 bed nets, malaria drugs and 15 training and Health
education campaigns to the targeted families by 30 March 2004.
The morbidity rates for 85% of the targeted population will be
reduced by December 2003 from 23.57% to 10% as people will have
protected water and this will be maintained until 2004 harvest.
CCAP Synod of Livingstonia Integrated Programme will not only
meet people’s critical food needs, but also enable the local
population to focus its attention on farming and other more
productive activities. For example, by combining food aid with
agricultural rehabilitation, CCAP Synod of Livingstonia will
enable the local population to begin preparing the land in
October 2003, for planting in November/December 2003. As such
the department is striving to ensure that beneficiaries will not
be dependent on relief aid. This transition is critical if
beneficiaries are to achieve genuine long-term development and
self-reliance.
The Development Department is trying all it can to improve
household food security. In its effort, it has been
disseminating the following message to the masses:
Take seriously the messages disseminated by the government and
others concerning compost making – fertilisers are expensive
and unsustainable.
Though this year’s harvest is small, keep this year’s yield
safe and reduce the quantities cooked – do not waste food.
Winter cultivation – take advantage of residual moisture in
dambos to grow winter crops, maize and vegetables in order to
supplement this years meagre yields. In this light, the
department has distributed 80mt of masika maize seed for winter
cropping. The department has also distributed 200 treadle pumps
to farmers to support winter cultivation.
In order to ensure the availability of adequate food supplies
and dietary diversification, grow more than one crop including
those that do not require fertiliser, and those that are drought
tolerant.
Distribution Plan/Commodity Accounting
The CCAP Livingstonia’s methodology for food distribution is
based on a participatory approach. This will facilitate
effective targeting of the most vulnerable members of each
community and will minimise the diversion and informal
redistribution of items.
The method involves the setting up of local relief joint
committees within each centre. The relief committees comprise of
a maximum of 20 representatives from the following groups:
Local church leaders from various denominations
Local authority officials
Traditional leaders
Women representatives
Beneficiaries representatives
Government field staff and those from other NGOs working in the
area are EX Official members.
Role of the Committee
Identifying both the general food requirements and the most
vulnerable persons within their communities.
Receiving and storing relief food supplies
Providing adequate security for the stored food
Overseeing the distribution of the items in conjunction with the
Synod’s congregational church structure and other NGOs working
in the areas
Monitoring of the programmes together with the field supervisors
(the CCAP Relief Field Supervisors is responsible to the
department and the committee).
In order to maximise the involvement of stakeholders and ensure
that the most vulnerable persons within each community are
effectively targeted, the department distributions will be based
on Extension Planning Areas identified. Out of all the EPAs in
the catchment area, CCAP Synod of Livingstonia has identified the
following EPAs
District/RDP
EPA
Total number of farming families
Number of farming families without own food
Rumphi
Chiweta
7,151
1,287
Karonga
Kaporo (S)
17,548
2,777
Vinthukutu
22,449
5,299
Mpata
9,515
571
Chitipa
Lufita
10,995
549
Nkhata-bay
Usisya
8,472
3,483
Nkhota-kota
Dwangwa
Mzimba (N)
Euthini
13,443
6,922
Mbalachanda
4,648
2,225
Njuyu
5,082
2,338
Kasungu
Kasasanya
CO-ORDINATION
CCAP Synod of Livingstonia is a member of the Council of
Non-Governmental Organization in Malawi (CONGOMA). By virtue of
this work and its association with ACT, it is also a member of
the ACT Malawi partners, which is being co-ordinated by DCA
Malawi. Geographically, Livingstonia Synod is the only ACT
member situated in the north about 900km away from Blantyre where
the other three members i.e. Blantyre Synod, CARD, ELDP are
based. However, the Synod of Livingstonia works closely with
CARD, Blantyre Synod and the Evangelical Lutheran Development
Programme in the implementation of its various programmes. It
networks with both international and national NGOs (e.g. European
Union, Christian Aid, Canadian Foodgrains Bank, Presbyterian
World Service and Development, Presbyterian Church in Canada,
Presbyterian Church in Ireland, Presbyterian Church in USA and
ICCO). It is also a member of Malawi’s National Disaster
Committee.
Co-ordination meetings are conducted with the help of District
Commissioners and Food and Emergency Monitor for UNDP. These
meetings are held every month in the District Assembly offices
and are attended by all stakeholders involved in humatarian
assistance.
There is also good co-ordination with local and international
organisations (EU, GTZ), local NGOs and the Malawi Government
through monthly meetings at the Ministry’s headquarters. The
Synod of Livingstonia’s Development Department also
co-ordinates with other NGOs in the community in conducting
sensitization and awareness activities. These include:
Joint meetings on sensitisation, targeting and capacity
building
Awareness on production, shortage and utilisation of food crops
Planning, monitoring and evaluating of programmes and problem
identification.
IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
ACTIVITY
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
July - Sept
Approval of proposal
x
Personnel and equipment in place
x
Purchase of foodstuffs
x
x
Baseline survey
x
Preparatory meetings
x
Formation of committees
x
Training the committees
x
Delivery of food items
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Monthly food distribution
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Purchase of inputs
x
Input distribution
x
Supplementary feeding
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Purchase and distribution of water treatment
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Purchase and distribution of bed nets and malaria drugs
x
Monitoring
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Mid-term review
x
Final evaluation
x
Report writing
x
Auditing accounts
x
Submission of reports
x
ADMINISTRATION, FINANCE, MONITORING & REPORTING
Administration
The Development Director, Deputy Director, Relief Programme
Manager, Agriculture Programme Manager, Planning and Evaluation
Officer, the Accountant, Deputy Programme Managers and Relief
Field Supervisors will supervise the project. The Director will
provide his team with the necessary administrative support via
guidance and extra training. The Director will report to donor
partners. Logistics (purchasing, hiring of transport, etc) will
be handled at Ekwendeni – Development Department by the
Director, Deputy Director and the Accountant.
All programme staff will be considered temporal, fluent in
Tumbuka language and have community experience. All middle
management staff and above are fluent in English. All staff will
be employees of the CCAP Synod of Livingstonia and subject to its
personnel policies and remuneration.
The Development Director is responsible for reporting to donor
partners. The Programme Managers, Accountant and Planning and
Evaluation Officer will report to the Deputy Director. The
Relief Field Supervisors will be responsible for co-ordinating
the project work within their own catchment areas, where they
will reside and will report to the Relief Programme Manager. The
Planning and Evaluation Officer will be responsible for the
monitoring and evaluation of the programme and will report to the
Deputy Director.
Finance
The financial reports will be prepared on a monthly basis by the
department’s Accountant at the Ekwendeni office. The reports
will be incorporated into established standard reporting systems
agreed upon by the donor partners and the department. The
department has a separate account for emergency and Relief
Programmes.
Monitoring and Reporting
Monitoring and reporting will be integral components of this
programme and will take place at 8 main levels i.e. with
beneficiaries, local leaders, Food Monitor, Health Personnel,
Agricultural Personnel, Relief Field Supervisors, Taskforce
committee and the Development Department
CCAP Planning and Evaluation Officer and Relief Field
Supervisors, in conjunction with health personnel in the areas
will conduct a nutritional baseline survey to establish a
benchmark for monitoring and evaluation.
Relief Field Supervisors will prepare and submit fortnight
narrative and statistical reports and submit them to the Director
for review and evaluation
The Planning and Evaluation Officer will prepare consolidated
monthly reports and submit them to the Director and Deputy
Director
The Director, Deputy Director, Programme Managers, Planning and
Evaluation Officer will be responsible for the overall monitoring
of the progress and the Planning and Evaluation Officer will
compile the information contained in the consolidated monthly
reports into a single report. The Director will then forward it
to donors and Malawi Government.
A monthly participatory monitoring system will enable the
department to collect relevant information on the beneficiaries
and determine:
Whether the right beneficiaries have been identified
If beneficiaries have access to land for cultivation
If distributed seeds have been planted
If compost heaps have been in readiness for the programme
The yields realised as well as changes in the food security
status of families
If planned activities are being followed.
This information will be analysed and interpreted. The findings
will help CCAP steer the project in line with its goals and
objectives. A mid-term and final evaluation will be conducted
with reference to the baseline survey and determine:
If planned activities were implemented and objectives achieved
The effect of the programme on the department
The impact of the programme on the beneficiaries and their
communities
The lessons learnt in the course of project implementation and
draw some recommendations for the future
BUDGET
ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE
Description Type of No of Unit Cost Budget
Unit Units US$ US$
DIRECT ASSISTANCE
Food
Maize for food tonnes 2100 142.00
298,200
Beans tonnes 168 684.00 114,912
Likuni Phala tonnes 283.5 578.00 163,863
Transportation of maize 250km km/tonne 2100
0.20 105,000
Transportaion of Beans 250km km/tonne 168
0.20 8,400
Transportation of Likuni Phala 250km km/tonne 283.5
0.20 14,175
Storage months 9 500.00 4,500
Sub Total 709,050
Agricultural Inputs
Maize seed tonnes 42 684 28,728
Bean seed tonnes 42 895 37,590
Fertilizer tonnes 210 337 70,770
Cassava cuttings tonnes 105 80 8,400
Rice seed tonnes 60 526 31,560
Transport of maize seed 250km km/tonne 42 0.2
2,100
Transport of beans 250km km/tonne 42 0.2
2,100
Transport of rice seed 200km km/tonne 60 0.2
2,400
Transportation of cassava cutting
600km km/tonne 105 0.2 12,600
Fertiliser 800km km/tonne 210 0.2
33,600
Sub Total 229,848
Non Food Items
Packets of water guard packets 1400 0.32 448
Bed nets units 7000 6 42,000
15 Trainings & health edu campaign Lump sum
9,000
Sub Total 51,448
PERSONNEL AND ADMINISTRATION
Programme Director 50% salary months 9 680
6,120
Deputy Director months 9 590 5,310
Relief Programme Manager months 9 680
6,120
Deputy Relief manager months 9 400 3,600
Planning and Evaluation officer months 9 500
4,500
Field Supervisors 5 months 9 1250 11,250
Field Monitors months 9 852 7,668
Description Type of No of Unit Cost Budget
Unit Units US$ US$
Accounts Clerk Logistics months 9 350
3,150
Accountant 50% Salary months 9 420 3,780
Secretaries 2 months 9 320 2,880
Watchmen 10 months 9 120 1,080
Field allowance months 9 1500 13,500
Loca travel cost months 9 1500 13,500
Staff Benefits Lump sum 5,000
Office stationeries Lump sum 1 7800
7,800
Recruitment and tender costs Lump sum 1 4800
4,800
Fax and telephone charges months 9 1200
10,800
Sub Total 110,858
CAPACITY BUILDING
Disaster preparedness Lump sum
5,500
Agricultural extension services Lump sum
3,000
Sub Total 8,500
Other Admin Costs
Coordination Meetings Lump sum
4,000
Registration of beneficiaries Lump
sum 5000
Sub -Total 9,000
Monitoring and evaluation Lump
sum 6000
Audit fees Lump sum 3500
TOTAL ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE 1,128,204
Budget Notes:
Rationale for Budgetary request
Funding is sought as a contribution to project management,
staffing and provision of local contribution capacity and audit
costs. The direct cost of provision of food aid to Malawi is now
fair as prices on local markets have reduced.
Effective project management and monitoring will reduce costs
and increase the impact of the assistance.
Vehicles are needed and ACT funds are necessary to defray the
internal logistical costs of this emergency programme.
Other sources of support have been sought, but are limited.
Responsible movements of large quantities of commodities require
costs for proper management, oversight, and monitoring of their
use during distribution to targeted vulnerable groups.
CCAP distribution methods involve a community-based approach.
Accuracy in targeting beneficiaries is thus enhanced through
involvement of beneficiaries and transparency in the distribution
process. CCAP plans to have sufficient staff on the ground to be
able to sustain the sound relationships with community leaders,
civil authorities and church structures that are already
established.
7.1.1 Relief Inputs
Food aid
3150mt of white maize will be procured locally.
252mt beans sourced from local markets.
283.50mt of supplementary e.g Likuni Phala food - will be
purchased from the local millers.
Agricultural inputs
42mt maize seed
42mt bean seed
210mt fertiliser
105mt cassava cuttings
60mt rice seed
Non food determinants
1400 packets of water guard
7000 bed nets
15 trainings and health education campaigns
malaria drugs
7.1.2 The salaries of the following personnel included in the
budget
Programme Coordinator.
Relief Programme Manager
Assistant Relief Manager
Relief Planning and Evaluation Officer
Relief Field Supervisors (to be recruited)
Accounts Clerk- Logistics
Accountant
Two Secretaries
Watchmen
7.1.2.1 Staff Benefits
Medical Insurance
House allowance for staff
7.1.3 Travel
Local Travels Costs- Fuel for vehicles and vehicle maintenance
7.1.4 Other Office Support
Office stationery
Recruitment and tender costs
Equipment Maintenance
Fax and telephone charges
7.1.5 Audit fees: Fees to cover independent audit – 2500US$
7.1.6 Capacity Building
Disaster preparedness
Agricultural extension services
7.1.7 Transportation Costs: Trucking at the rate of US$0.2 per
Km per ton (depending on where food will be purchased).
7.1.8 Warehousing/Storage: Costs of pallets, fumigation and
storage: 500US$ per month if CCAP hires ADMARC stores.
7.1.9 Administrative costs: These include devaluation of
currencies, bank charges, costs associated with consultancies,
international travels, etc.
REQUESTING ACT MEMBER
Norwegian Church Aid (NCA)
REQUESTING ACT MEMBER & IMPLEMENTING AGENCY INFORMATION
NCA has a Country Office in Malawi, which reports to the
Regional Representation in Southern Africa. NCA programme in
Malawi focuses on: community safety, health, HIV/AIDS, water &
sanitation and emergency & relief.
Description Implementing Partner
Christian Health Association Of Malawi (CHAM) is an ecumenical,
non profit non- governmental umbrella organisation of the
Christian church owned health facilities in Malawi. It was
constituted in 1965 to co-ordinate and advise churches in the
provision of health care in Malawi. Two mother bodies, the
Protestants under the Malawi Council of churches and the
Catholics under the Episcopal Conference of Malawi own CHAM. The
main objectives of CHAM are to facilitate, provide technical
support, co-ordinate and develop health services among all
members in order to obtain quality health care and patient care
and in all matters act for the benefit of the people of Malawi.
The Christian Health Association Of Malawi (CHAM) is one of the
main local partners focusing on health, HIV/AIDS, water &
sanitation.
CHAM forms part of a large team of players in emergency food
operations in Malawi focusing on nutrition. All NGOs involved in
therapeutic and supplementary feeding formed a consortium on
Targeted Nutrition Program. In that Consortium CHAM is a member
together with other actors like WFP, UNICEF, World Vision, Plan
International, Save the Children, AFRICARE and the Ministry of
Health.
CHAM is the second largest provider of health services in
Malawi. It provides about 37% of the health services in the
country. 90% of its units are in the remote rural providing the
services to the rural population where the majority of the
Malawians reside. CHAM has 159 health units, which are
distributed, in all the three regions of Malawi and services more
than 70% of the rural population in Malawi.
The recommendations of the Code of Conduct to Prevent Abuse of
Women and Children in Emergency Situations, will be used in the
planning and implementation of this project.
DESCRIPTION OF THE EMERGENCY SITUATION
Health status
Health indicators of Malawi are among the poorest according to
WHO standards. It has an infant mortality rate of 104/ 1000 live
births, under 5 mortality rate of 189/1000 live births and
maternal mortality of 1,120 per 100,000 live births. There is a
19% decline in the infant and under five mortality rate over the
period of 10 years. But the maternal mortality has doubled the
last 7 years. HIV prevalence rate is 15% among the ages 15-49
years population.
Protein energy malnutrition is a major problem of the under five
children in Malawi. 49% of the under five children have stunted
growth an indication of chronic malnutrition. and the situation
is exacerbated by the impact of HIV/AIDS. Inadequate food
security at household level and poverty are the main causes of
malnutrition in Malawi. 50% of the poorest population in
consumes about 1,800cal/capital/day far less than the WHO
recommended standard of 2,1000cal/cap/day (Malawi Government
2001).
Despite the extensive coverage of immunisation programmes the
major causes of under-fives deaths remain: malaria, malnutrition,
anaemia, ARI, and diarrhoea. Most paediatric deaths are
associated with the mild to moderate malnutrition. Infection
prevention and treatment is a core component of the management of
a child with malnutrition.
MAJOR CAUSES OF UNDER- FIVE DEATHS IMMUNISATION
COVERAGE
Table 1
Table 2
DISEASE
%
VACCINE
2000
Malaria
19
BCG
92 %
Malnutrition
17
DPT
84%
Others
16
POLIO
80%
Anemia
13
MEASLES
83%
Pneumonia
13
TTV
78%
ARI
11
Diarrhoea
8
Perinatal
4
Source: United Nations 1993
Source: MDHs 2000
Locations for Proposed Response
The proposed areas for response are CHAM Units in the following
districts: - Lilongwe, Blantyre, Zomba, Nkhatabay, Chikwawa,
Nsanje, Chiradzulu, Dedza, Kasungu, Karonga, Rumphi, Nkhotakota,
Phalombe, and Mzimba.
GOAL & OBJECTIVES
Objectives
To have functioning nutrition programmes in CHAM Units in the
fourteen (14) high crisis districts by end of 12 months.
To increase percentage of malnourished children under five
showing positive signs and physical growth by 80 % from baseline
in the targeted areas.
To reduce incidences of low birth weight babies (less than
2.5kg) by 20% in the targeted areas within the project period.
To reduce incidence of malnutrition of 80% weight for age among
the U/5 children by 30% from baseline in the targeted areas in a
period of 12 months.
To improve the nutritional status of lactating and pregnant
mothers by 20% from baseline in the targeted areas within the
project period.
To improve the dietary intake of 20 AIDS patients per targeted
district to at least one main meal per day within the project
period.
Strategies
Conduct comprehensive situational analysis in the targeted
areas.
Strengthen and build institutional capacity of the CHAM
secretariat and units to carry out the nutrition programme.
Facilitate the provision of therapeutic nutrition programme in
the CHAM units.
Monitor and evaluate implementation of the programme.
Support the development of transition programmes moving
treatment of malnutrition from facilities to the community.
Establish Countrywide Nutrition surveillance and early warning
system at a national and district level, including information
from sentinel sites, nutrition surveys and NRU’s.
Identify and support early identification and prevention of
malnutrition, referral and follow up systems between communities
and NRUs through, for example the, Health Surveillance Assistants
and growth monitoring volunteers.
Strengthen the nutrition component of Community IMCI especially
in reference to early identification of malnutrition, referral
and follow up.
BENEFICIARY INFORMATION & TARGETED AREAS
The project will cover Lilongwe, Blantyre, Zomba, Nkhatabay,
Chikwawa, Nsanje, Chiradzulu, Dedza, Kasungu, Mzimba, Rumphi,
Nkhotakota, Karonga, and Phalombe Districts targeting the
vulnerable groups which are children, pregnant /lactating mothers
in the NRUs and AIDS patients. It is anticipated that 31,051
children will benefit from the much needed therapeutic feeding.
The selection of these districts is derived from the Report from
the Projects Office Relief Programme – CCAP Blantyre Synod and
Synod of Livingstonia Development Department, randomly selected
units that were visited during the Act Appeal assessment Survey
and from the Report from Southern Africa Regional Consolidated
Inter-Agency Appeal June 2003 – July 2004.
DISTRICT
POPULA -TION
TARGETED BENEFICIARIES
CHAM UNITS
U/5
Preg/
Lact
AIDS
Lilongwe
610,413
7,886
1220
464
*Likuni, *Lutheran, *Mlale, *Nkhoma, Dzenza, Malingunde, Mtengo
wa Nthenga, ABC, Mlodza, Chimwala, *St. Gabriel, Chiwe, Chezi.
Blantyre
335,373
4,333
670
255
Soche, *Mlambe, Lumbila, Chileka, Malabvi, St. Vincent.
Zomba
271,318
3,500
542
300
Chipini, Mayaka, Mposa, Namikango, Pirimiti, St. Lukes, H.
Parker, Magomero, Matiya, Nkasala
Nkhatabay
190,427
2,460
380
144
Chikwina, Chilambwe,
Chikwawa
398,136
5,135
380
152
*Montfort, Misomali, Ngabu
Nsanje
206,201
2,260
412
164
*Kalemba, *Trinity, Lulwe, Chididi.
Chiradzulu
262,496
3,386
524
209
*St. Joseph, PIM.
Dedza
550,372
7,099
1,100
440
*Chiphwanya, *Bembeke, *Kasina, *Mikondo, *Mua, St. Annes, St.
Joseph, Kaundu, Nakalanzi, Kanyama, Mphunzi, Matumba.
Kasungu
582,604
7,515
1,165
466
Mziza, *Nkhamenya, St. Andrews, Mpasadzi
Rumphi
151,236
1,950
302
120
*DGM, St. Patricks, Tchalo, Mlowe, Zunga, Luwuchi, Nthenje,
Nkhota-
kota
275,982
3,560
552
220
*St. Annes, Chididi, Liwaladzi, *Alinafe, Kapiri.
Mzimba
727,937
9,390
1,456
582
*Ekwendeni, *Embangweni, Enukweni, *Katete, *Mzambazi, *St.
John’s, Lunjika, Luwazi, Endindeni, Nkhorongo, St. John of God,
Kalikumbi, Mabiri
Karonga
227,433
2,934
455
182
St. Annes, Sangilo.
Phalombe
254,487
3,282
508
204
*Holy Family, Mwanga, Sukasanje, Chiringa.
64,690
9,666
3,902
*NRU present
Criteria utilised in Beneficiary Selection.
The project will adopt the phased approach beginning with the
highest priority crisis and finishing with the lowest. This will
ensure that the food supplementation will only cover the deficit
and be provided when they are really in need and be used for the
intended purpose. The therapeutic nutritional programme will
cover 14 districts categorised as high crisis priority as
different districts are experiencing variable periods of food
shortage (FAO/WFP).
Anthropometrics databased on the Harvard standard will be used
to assess the nutritional status of the children under age of
five. These are:
Height for age
Weight for age
Weight for height
The malnourished children will be identified through the monthly
under five clinics where their growth and development are being
monitored. A value of 80% of the Harvard Standard is considered
as malnourished and 60% is severe malnutrition. All children
diagnosed as severely malnourished will be admitted to the
nutrition rehabilitation units (NRU) for intensive care. Those
with 80% malnutrition will be given supplementary feed to take
home and be closely monitored every fortnight.
Pregnant women requiring supplementary feeding will be
identified through the antenatal clinics based on weight gain and
multiple gestation. The AIDS patients will be identified through
the home-based care programme. Only those in need will be given
supplementary feed. Number and Classification of Targeted
Beneficiaries.
Supplementary feed 34,269
AIDS
patients 3,902
Pregnant/Lactating
women 9,666
U/5 Malnourished
20,701
Therapeutic feeding 31,051 (Admitted to NRU)
DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSSED ASSISTANCE & IMPLEMENTATION
To implement the planned project, it would require several
resources
Cooking equipment
Raw materials
Additional human resource
Financial support
Technical support to assist with project evaluation
Situation analysis study to establish the baseline data in the
targeted areas
A comprehensive situational analysis on the extent of the
disaster and effect on vulnerable groups was conducted in order
to have direction on the required response. A simple
questionnaire was developed. Random sampling of at least 8 CHAM
Units in the expected high crisis areas was assessed. The
following hospitals/health centres were visited: Mont fort
Hospital in Chikwawa, Kalemba in Nsanje, St Joseph in Chiradzulu,
Chiphwaya in Dedza, Nkhoma in Lilongwe, Nkhamenya in Kasungu, DGM
in Rumphi and St. Annes in Nkhota-kota.
Results from the Baseline Survey
These are results from some centers at the peak of this year’s
emergency
DISTRICT
HOSP/HEALTH CENTRE
Girls
Boys
Total No. of Malnourished U/5 children admitted at the NRU
CHIKWAWA
Montfort
51
49
100
NSANJE
Kalemba
35
49
84
CHIRADZULU
St. Joseph
24
16
40
DEDZA
Chiphwanya
11
9
20
LILONGWE
Nkhoma
130
102
232
KASUNGU
Nkhamenya
49
32
81
RUMPHI
DGM
90
60
150
NKHOTAKOTA
St. Annes
90
96
186
Although the general picture is that food availability is higher
this year compared to last year’s the findings in the randomly
selected 8 districts were not so encouraging in terms of good
harvest.
There were reports of food shortage and lack of access to food
in certain areas hence it was necessary to make a rapid
assessment in the above selected districts. A total of 14
Districts have been proposed in this year’s Act Appeal Hunger
Project in 87 CHAM Units including districts that were mentioned
in the Southern Africa Regional Consolidated Inter-Agency Appeal
June 2003 – July 2004 Report.
The reasons for lack of adequate harvest in the above mentioned
districts ranged from flooding in some areas to late distribution
or lack of farm inputs in others, For those that harvested
minimally all their produce will have been sold before the peak
period because of poverty. In most areas hunger has already
started to the extent that in Chikwawa for example some people
have already started showing signs of distended stomachs and
others have started eating seasonal fruits and nymphea lotus
tubers from the swamp areas.
It is expected that the hunger situation in some parts of the
country this year will be similar if not worse than last year’s
because of the flooding, especially in the lower Shire areas.
This will automatically affect the NRU situation in the above
visited districts.
Strengthening and building institutional capacity of the CHAM
Secretariat and Units to carryout the nutritional programme
A one-day orientation of proprietors and administrators will be
carried out to establish ownership and to clarify roles of each
stakeholder.
A training of trainers on triage assessment of sick children
will be conducted. This will be a 4-day course and participants
will be senior medical and nursing personnel of each CHAM Unit.
The trainers will train the health workers in their own unit.
Storekeepers will be trained on how to manage food and other
supplies of the project. Volunteers, Health Surveillance
Assistants and Home craft workers in the units and catchment
areas will be involved in the project.
One warehouse will be leased in Lilongwe as distribution point
for food and supplies. A warehouse supervisor will be employed.
Transport to the CHAM Units of food and supplies will be done
using CHAM trucks but where necessary subcontracting to local
transporters will be done.
Mothers whose children are admitted to the Nutrition and
Rehabilitation Unit (NRU) will be trained to care and provide
proper nutrition for their children.
Refreshment courses on management of malnourished children will
be conducted. Participants will be medical and nursing personnel
of the CHAM Units and PHC/HIV/AIDS Co-ordinators.
Provision of therapeutic nutritional programme in the CHAM
Units.
Logistics.
Orientation of the beneficiaries.
Supply of food items and associated equipment.
Project vehicle necessary for the transportation of the food to
the units and for project supervision.
Each CHAM Unit will prepare a plan on how to manage the
nutrition rehabilitation unit and other related services.
Estimates of food and supplies required will be submitted to CHAM
Secretariat for processing and delivery to the Unit.
PHC personnel will sensitise the communities on the NRU
programme and the supplementary feeding programme so that the
service could be accessed by the community members. Community
based care givers ie TBA’s, herbalist and HBC providers will be
encouraged to refer malnourished children and mothers and
HIV/AIDS patients.
All malnourished children will be assessed at the Out Patient
Department and referred to the Nutrition Rehabilitation Unit for
rehabilitation and treatment.
A demonstration garden consisting of locally grown vegetables
and fruits will be maintained and mothers and family members will
be trained on farming methods using manure. Mothers will also be
trained on how to prepare and give proper food to children. These
demonstration gardens exclude St. Lukes, Likuni, Nkhamenya,
Embangweni, Mulanje and Mlowe that are already benefiting from
Danchurchaid / FAO, CHAM gardening programme.
Physical growth of children in the Nutrition Rehabilitation
Units will be monitored using the three standard indices of
physical growth to determine nutritional status of children:
height-for-age, weight-for-weight, weight-for-age.
Children will also be de-wormed. Health education in all
clinics will continue and topics will focus on proper nutrition
and signs of poor nutrition. Micro-nutrients will also be
provided.
Severely malnourished children and under-fives will be provided
with food while admitted to the NRU as necessary. Aside from
monitoring physical growth, haemoglobin will be monitored and if
required, children will be referred to hospital for blood
transfusion.
Malnourished ante-natal mothers will be provided with
micro-nutrients and iron tablets. Food will be distributed to
ante-natal mothers at least once a month.
ADMINISTRATION, FINANCE, MONITORING & REPORTING
Administration
The CHAM Secretariat will be the overall co-ordinator of the
project from the Lilongwe office. The Nursing and Training
Officer will be the project Co-ordinator and will be assisted by
the Advocacy and Health information Officer. The 87 CHAM units to
participate in this programme belong to Dioceses and synods which
have Health Co-ordinators. These health co-ordinators will assist
in co-ordinating the project at the synod and diocese level. In
the CHAM hospitals there are PHC Co-ordinators who will help to
supervise the project at the district level for their hospital
nutrition project and the health centres nearest to them.
Implementation
This project will strengthen the NRUs in the CHAM units by
increasing the resources needed to combat the high incidence of
malnutrition resulting from the famine. Since most CHAM health
centres do not have an established NRU programme, this project
will assist in developing NRUs in Health centres found in hardest
hit areas. At the unit level, the Primary Health Care section
will be responsible for implementing this programme. The
Community nurses and the home craft workers will be staff
attached to the project but will also work together with the
other health care staff. At the Community level, volunteers,
Health Surveillance Assistants and Hom craft workers will be used
to reach out to home based care patients.
International Procurement
Some of the equipment and food items may need to be procured
internationally and CHAM will have to be assisted with the
necessary logistics.
Local Procurement
Most of the food items, drugs and equipment can be procured
locally from local producers, Grain & Milling, Rab Processors,
Christian Service Committee, NASFAM, ADMARC, CHAM Likuni Phala
production units and Central Medical Stores. Those which cannot
be found locally will be procured from outside Malawi.
Local Transport and Distribution
Food distribution will be contracted out to local distributors
as well as vehicles donated by Norwegian Church Aid. The items
will be distributed direct to CHAM Units. Each unit will be
provided with a monthly allocation of funds for off-loading and
security which will be proportionate to the size of the unit.
As much as possible, the available vehicles will be used at the
Secretariat and at the units. However, the project will have to
assist in servicing and rehabilitating these vehicles for smooth
running of the project.
Accountability and Financial Reports
A separate account will be opened for proper accountability.
The project accounts will be audited yearly and the report will
be submitted to the donor through the NCA Malawi office.
Monitoring Procedures
To establish baseline data, a comprehensive study will be
carried out in the targeted areas at the onset of the project. A
detailed 12 months work plan and budget will be compiled during a
planning and budgeting meeting involving all the PHC
Co-ordinators. From this 12 months plan, Units will draw
quarterly work plans which will be reviewed quarterly during
planning and review meetings.
Supervision of the project will be done at all levels. While the
Health Co-ordinators will be supervising on a monthly basis, the
National Co-ordinators will be providing technical support on a
quarterly basis.
At the unit level efforts will be made to involve the Village
Health Committees in the growth and monitoring of the targeted
children, selection of volunteers and supervise the utilisation
of the distributed supplementary food items.
CHAM secretariat will develop tools for monitoring the
implementation of the project.
The units will submit quarterly reports to the secretariat,
which will be used for monitoring and its data will contribute to
the project evaluation.
The secretariat will submit biannual and yearly reports to ACT
through NCA.
Two Progress Review and Planning meetings will be conducted
where the major stakeholders will be involved. Regular
monitoring of regional warehouse and stores in the CHAM Units
will be done monthly. Monthly returns on Nutrition
Rehabilitation Unit (RHU) activities and food supplies
consumption will be collated. Quarterly support supervision will
be conducted on technical and financial management of the
project.
Mid-way through the project a mid-term evaluation will be
conducted to assess the effectiveness of the project and give
information to start preparing for the next phase of the project
which will also focus on empowering the communities in food
security and disaster preparedness.
At the end of the project a final evaluation will be carried
out.
Management and Reporting
CHAM units used reporting formats recommended by the Ministry of
Health. However, the new system was being changed concurrently
with the introduction of the ACT Appeal Project. Consequently,
the units had experienced some difficulties in implementing the
changes within a short period. Hence, the project started off by
using the old guidelines while waiting for training.
CHAM Units provides monthly reports to the CHAM secretariat.
IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
The program is planned for 12 months which means it will run
until August, 2004.
CO-ORDINATION
Co-ordination with other organisations in the affected areas is
necessary. Co-operation between Government, NGOs and the UN
agencies in humanitarian assistance should be encouraged as
accurate and timely information made available to all assists in
effectively responding to and mitigating the impact of the
crisis. Co-ordination and consultations will also help in
reducing duplication of efforts, wastage of resources and
overlapping in the units.
BUDGET
DESCRIPTION Type of No. of Unit Cost Budget
Budget
Unit Units MK MK US$
Equipment
Plates Pieces 625 300
187,500 1,769
Buckets Pieces 625 120
75,000 708
Cups Pieces 625 100
62,500 590
Spoons Pieces 625 50
31,250 295
Cooking sticks Pieces 625 120
75,000 708
Maesurejugs1ltr Pieces 625
400 250,000 2,358
Baby weigh scales Pieces 25
3,500 87,500 825
Height boards Pieces 25
5,600 140,000 1,321
Sub - Total 908,750
8,573
Food Items
Likuni phala 50kg bags 16,112 900
14,500,800 136,800
Maize flour 50kg bags 11,765 850
10,000,250 94,342
Cooking oil 5lt container 5,589 1,000
5,589,000 52,726
Beans 50kg bags 2,500 70
175,000 1,651
Milk powder Lump sum 2,000,000
18,868
Skimmed milk Lump sum 2,000,000
18,868
Iodised Salt kgs 120 35
4,200 40
Sugar 20kg bags 60 800
48,000 453
Transportation 20mk tonne/km tonne/km 1,423,000
20 28,460,000 268,491
Insurance(food stuffs) Lump sum
400,000 3,774
Sub Total 63,177,250
596,012
Micronutrients/Food
Supplements
Vitamin A unit 870 2,231
1,940,970 18,311
Multivitamin syrup unit 870 172
149,640 1,412
Iron/ferous/folic unit 870 219
190,530 1,797
Home gardens(fruits and vegetables) unit 18
360,934 6,496,812 61,291
Sub-Total 8,777,952
82,811
DRUGS
Albendazole200mg unit 870 987
858,690 8,101
ORS sachets unit 870 7
6,090 57
Contrimoxaz480mg unit 870 695
604,650 5,704
Amoxycilin250mg unit 870 1,272
1,106,640 10,440
Metronidazole200mg unit 870 95
82,650 780
Sub -Total 2,658,720
25,082
PERSONNEL COSTS
Recruitment expenses Lump sum
150,000 1,415
Distrib co-ordinat salary + benefits month 12
71,000 852,000 8,038
Store keeper salary + benefits month 12
51,000 612,000 5,774
Driver salary + benefits month 12
37,500 450,000 4,245
Sub - Total 2,064,000
19,472
TRAINING
Proprietors orientation Lump sum
800,000 7,547
Nutrition training of trainers workshop 14
40,000 560,000 5,283
DESCRIPTION Type of No. of Unit Cost Budget
Budget
Unit Units MK MK US$
Nutrition refresher course HCW's workshop
7 3,300 23,100
218
TOT triage assessment of
malnourished children Assessment 4
100,000 400,000 3,774
Sub -Total 1,783,100
16,822
TRANSPORT
Vehicle Service Lump sum
133,500 1,259
Fuel Liters 4,000 80
320,000 3,019
Lubricants Liters 50
200 10,000 94
Sub - Total 463,500
4,373
MONITORING & SUPERVISION
Field costs officer (subsistence) Days 144
2,600 374,400 3,532
Field costs officer (subsistence) Days 144
1,700 244,800 2,309
Sub -Total 619,200
5,842
WAREHOUSING
Rent months 12 80,000
960,000 9,057
Loading / offloading months 12
40,000 480,000 4,528
Pest control Lump sum
50,000 472
security months 12
32,000 384,000 3,623
Sub -Total 1,874,000
17,679
OFFICE COSTS
Stationery Lump sum
350,000 3,302
Communication(postage,tel,email etc) Lump sum
319,000 3,009
Bank charges Lump sum
27,600 260
Utilities Lump sum
200,000 1,887
CHAM Units overheads Units 87
30,000 2,610,000 24,623
Sub - Total 3,506,600
33,081
Evaluation Lump sum 1,600,000
15,094
Audit Lump sum 700,000
6,604
TOTAL ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE 88,133,072
831,444
Exchange Rate: MK to 1 USD = 106
REQUESTING ACT MEMBER INFORMATION
The Evangelical Lutheran Development Programme (ELDP)
IMPLEMENTING ACT MEMBER & PARTNER INFORMATION
The ELDP programme has been actively involved in emergency
operations. In 1992-1993, ELDP successfully carried out a joint
drought relief programme with Christian Council of Malawi (CCM)
in the northern districts of Karonga and Rumphi. During the same
years, ELDP assisted the government with drought relief
operations in Mulanje district (now Phalombe district). ELDP has
also within the years assisted flood-affected people in Chikwawa
district jointly with Churches Action in Relief and Development
(CARD), and also in Phalombe district jointly with World Food
Programme (WFP).
ELDP has also successfully implemented food relief programmes in
its operational areas of Karonga district in the north, Chikwawa
and Phalombe districts in the south. The food relief programme
(AFMW-22) was a Joint Appeal by a Consortium of ACT partners in
Malawi: including the following: Churches Action in Relief and
Development (CARD), Church of Central Africa Presbyterian
(Blantyre Synod Projects Office), Church of Central Africa
Presbyterian (Livingstonia Synod), and ELDP. Each agency
responded in their areas of operation.
DESCRIPTION of the EMERGENCY SITUATION
The total number of drought-affected people in Malawi last year
was 3.2 million people. In the four districts where ELDP intends
to operate, the majority of people need relief food assistance,
agriculture production support and training in emergency
preparedness.
Karonga
In 2003, Karonga, the most northerly ADD in Malawi, is estimated
to have 382,764 people or 3.3 percent of the country’s total
population. The weather in the ADD was conducive to increased
crop production at the start of the 2002/03 growing season.
However, as the season progressed conditions became less
favourable. From the fourth week of January, when most maize
grown in the area was at the tussling stage the rainfall ceased
until the end of February. Yield potential for maize, groundnuts
and sorghum was adversely affected by the dry spell lasting
nearly one month. The ADD has endeavoured to ameliorate the
adverse consequences of this situation by promoting such measures
as winter cropping, crop diversification and the use of treadle
pumps in all irrigatable areas. The production of pulses, cassava
and potatoes is expected to increase quite significantly in the
2002/03 cropping season compared with the year before.
Shire Valley
Shire Valley is the most southerly ADD in Malawi (covering
Chikwawa and Nsanje). As its name implies much of it lies along
the Shire River. The ADD is bounded on two sides by the border
with Mozambique. In 2003 it is estimated to have a population of
615,820 people accounting for 5.3 percent of the overall
population of Malawi. Cumulative rainfall both in terms of
recorded quantity and rainy days in the 2002/03 cropping season
was less than in the year before. Although it varied in different
parts of the ADD, two dry periods occurred during the season. The
first lasted from the 3rd week of January to the 3rd week of
February 2003. The second took place in the first we