Ethiopia - ACT: 15-Sep-04

Action by Churches Together (ACT) Appeal - Ethiopia Relief & Food Security - AFET41 (Revision 1) Appeal Target: US$ 3,160,683 Geneva, 15 September 2004

In spite of the past and on-going efforts related to rehabilitation and development, millions continue to be food insecure in a number of areas of Ethiopia. This is primarily due to the poor rainfall and outbreaks of human and animal diseases in different areas of the country prone to chronic food deficits. The food security situation at the beginning of 2004 has somewhat improved, especially in highland crop producing areas due to satisfactory performance of the main rain season (meher), allowing a significant increase in production over the last drought year. However, the pockets of emergency remain, particularly in low land crop growing and pastoral areas. The UN sources estimate that food assistance is necessary for some 7.2 million people in Ethiopia. ACT member Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus (EECMY) has been for two decades fully involved in relief and rehabilitation programs aimed at averting the protracting humanitarian crisis in Ethiopia. Their humanitarian program for 2004/2005 seeks to tackle the food insecurity in the most vulnerable parts of Ethiopia by the following means: - Provision of emergency relief food (grain and oil) - Provision of rehabilitation inputs (seeds and tools) For sake of brevity, this revised appeal includes only the proposal of EECMY. For the proposal of Ethiopia Orthodox Church, please refer to the original ACT appeal AFET-41. Project Completion Date: May 15, 2005 Summary of Appeal Targets, Pledges/Contributions Received and Balance Requested Total Less: Pledges/ Balance Requested Appeal Contr. Rcvd from ACT Alliance EOC 637,581 77,949 559,632 EECMY 2,601,051 0 2,601,051 Total US$ 3,238,632 77,949 3,160,683 Thor-Arne Prois ACT Coordinating office Director REQUESTING ACT MEMBER Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus/EECMY-DASSC IMPLEMENTING ACT MEMBER & PARTNER INFORMATION The EECMY has been engaged in relief and rehabilitation works in Ethiopia for over two decades. In those operations, many lives have been saved. The unpredictable weather situations and climatic changes in the country have caused many Ethiopians to face food deficits every year. DESCRIPTION OF EMERGENCY SITUATION General Background Information The pre-harvest assessment conducted by over 20 teams in all the zones, except Benishangul Gumuz, the eastern and southern pastoral areas, confirmed the current season's agricultural production to be much better than last year and comparable to the five-year average. However, production is reported to be below average in lowland areas of Amaro, SNNPR, eastern Oromiya Region (East and West Hararghe) low-land areas of North Wollo, South Wollo, Wag Hamera, North Gondor. According to the report, a similar shift occurred in low areas of Oromiya region, where the production prospect remains lower than the long-term average. The report further explains that this shift has a significant impact on overall production, as long -cycle crops normally account for 40% of national production. Although the underlying causes in most cases are chronic or structural, localized acute problems that have further contributed to production losses include the following: Erratic and low rainfall particularly in lowland areas. Loss of livestock in previous years due to recurrent drought Livestock diseases Flash floods, heavy rainfall water logging, hailstorms and land slides Low level of farming input supply Problem of traction power Failure of coffee production and coffee price Malaria outbreak The regeneration of pasture for cattle and sheep has improved the physical condition of the livestock that survived the 2002 -2003 drought, but reproduction and hence milk production remain at below normal levels throughout Afar region. Although recovery from the 2002-2003 drought and resulting massive livestock death is still underway, pockets of food insecurity remain, as herds already by the 2002/3 droughts continue to face precarious pasture and water conditions. Therefore, the recovery from the crisis is far from assured. Pastoral areas of Somali Region, Lowland Bale and Borena zones of Oromiya and South Omo Zone of SNNP Regions are facing another potential crisis and an emergency condition is developing in these areas. Malaria remains the major threat to human health throughout the country, especially in mid and low land areas. Incidence of malaria has even extended to most of the highland and midland areas where it has not been common before. Malaria can be expected to have an impact on harvesting and on food security, especially if current outbreaks are not brought under control. The current situation in the pastoral areas of Somali, lowland Bale and Borena Zones of Oromiya and South Omo in SNNP regions is alarming and beyond chronic crisis. In cropping areas, the magnitude of the current shock, particularly the erratic rains that have affected long cycle crops of maize and sorghum in lowland areas is severe, putting farmers in difficult position to cope by themselves and without any other means. A major humanitarian crisis is anticipated unless humanitarian assistance is provided. The Multi-agency pre-harvest assessment teams determined that a total of 7,181,400 people (about 10% of the total population) will need humanitarian food assistance as of January 2004, while 2,187,600 will be in need of close monitoring. Out of a total of 300 woredas needing food assistance this year, 135 (45%) has been under continuous emergency food assistance for the past 7 -10 consecutive years. As a result, out of the total population needing food assistance, four to five million are expected to be chronically food insecure while the balance are expected to be the unpredictable caseload. The chronically food insecure are the most destitute and their lives and livelihoods are at risk unless adequate and timely attention is given. The Federal DPPC has announced in December that a disaster situation will occur unless timely and adequate response is provided. The following table presents the number of food needing people in each of the affected regions of Ethiopia. Region Needy population and types of assistance needed Number of beneficiaries Close monitoring Total affected population Male Female Total Afar 225,140 177,260 402,400 72,100 474,500 Amhara 1,010,122 989,878 2,000,000 308,300 2,308,300 Dire Dawa 38,023 35,177 73,200 0 73,200 Gambella 17,823 16,977 34,800 9,900 44,700 Harari 6,928 6,572 13,500 3,000 16,500 Oromiya 792,503 764,197 1,556,700 1,061,000 2,617,700 SNNP 419,508 454,192 873,700 370,800 1,245,200 Somali 592,310 527,790 1,120,100 47,000 1,167,100 Tigray 547,086 559,914 1,107,000 315,502 1,422,502 Total 3,649,443 3,531,957 7,181,400 2,187,602 9,369,702 Per the Federal DPPC plan for 2004, relief requirement in 2004, due to predictable and unpredictable causes are estimated at 964,690 MT, consisting of 761,175 MT cereals 104, 561 MT blended food (famix) 76,117 MT pulses, and 22,837 MT oil. GOAL & OBJECTIVES Goal The overall goal is to ensure an access to food for households as well as to increase household capacity so as to consequently minimise vulnerability to food insecurity. Objectives To prevent deterioration in the nutritional status and prevent famine in the target groups. One of the objectives of the food distribution in the target areas is to avoid deterioration in nutritional status, especially among the most vulnerable groups, such as children of under 5 years, women, and the elderly. The availability of food will also overcome the deterioration of balance of trade between agriculturists and pastoralists, which happens frequently during periods of food shortages/droughts. In some areas the government has distributed food - only cereal, for the month of September. However it was indicated that unless the government or NGOs secure resources, it is unlikely to continue. To prevent/stop abnormal migration of farmers in search of food. Timely distribution of relief food is expected to prevent abnormal migration. It is also hoped that by meeting the food need farmers will stay in their village and continue their normal productive activities. To minimise/reduce sale of assets by avoiding distress sale. Sale of productive assets is one of the coping strategies that farmers or agri-pastoralists adopt in times of disaster. Therefore the food distribution programme is expected to minimise further depletion of livestock and other productive assets. To build community capacity through activities such as Employment Generating Schemes/EGS. Linking relief with development is one of the implementation modalities of the projects. The food distribution will be on an EGS bases. This means that all able-bodied member of the beneficiary household (in some areas all community members) will work in selected public works in a given woreda (district). The activities will include, water development, feeder road construction and maintenance etc. For detail information refer annex 2 and 5. It is hoped that the EGS activities will contribute to natural resource conservation and development of the area. To rehabilitate the chronically food insecure families through provision of rehabilitation inputs. Build capacity of the community through training and provision of material, financial and technical support to avail pure supply of water for people and animals consumption as much as possible. The rehabilitation-input provision will enable households to increase their food production in the subsequent seasons. Distributions of crop seeds and farm tools are expected to contribute to the reduction of the families' vulnerability. Some of these rehabilitation activities are integrated with food distribution. In general, the objectives of the proposed projects fully comply with Federal and Regional food security policy, in particular the three pillars of the national strategy (increase the availability of food through increased domestic production, ensure access to food for food deficit households, strengthen emergency response capabilities). TARGETED BENEFICIARIES In all woredas, there are committees for disaster prevention and preparedness. The committees comprise members from government line ministries and community members. The Peasant Association (PA) disaster prevention and preparedness committees are composed of women, local elders and members of the PA administration. These committees are responsible for identifying targeted beneficiaries at peasant association level. Targeted beneficiaries include the most food insecure members of a given peasant association. Priority will be given to the most vulnerable groups such as female headed households according to the criteria set by the community/ committee. An estimated 20% percent of the target groups will benefit through gratuitous food. The remaining 80% of the beneficiaries, depending on their physical strength and nutritional status, will participate in EGS and receive relief food. In addition, in most of the areas beneficiaries will receive rehabilitation inputs such as seed, tools and others. In many areas the number of beneficiaries identified as needing assistance is much higher than the official figure which is used in this proposal. The unmet needs are usually covered by the community social networking system that ensures sharing of the available food resources. Therefore it is expected that there are other indirect beneficiaries who will benefit from these programmes. The EGS activities planned are expected to benefit non-participant beneficiaries through improvement of infrastructures. EGS activities are also meant to improve and develop community assets. Therefore the community in general will benefit from these projects indirectly. Criteria utilised in beneficiary selection targeting in the proposed areas of intervention is a mix of administrative and community targeting. For the food aid the DPPC has, during the two crop assessments in November/December 2003 and in August 2003, identified a certain number of needy people in each district. This number can be found in the DPPC appeal document, which was launched in December 2003. The local woreda (district) council receives the information from the zonal administration or disaster prevention and preparedness committee. Then each woreda estimates the need in each peasant association and allocates a quota based on their field assessment and information on the need. This number is later communicated to the local officials. PA committees who then use different local criteria to select each person qualified for food aid. This is done through a careful and open process, in which the communities participate and approve the final list, which is then sent back to the district council1 It should be mentioned that there is a wide spread problem regarding number of beneficiaries. In many distribution centres the community redistribute food after the official distribution which means the actual beneficiaries is higher than the DPPC figure 1. PROPOSED EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE & IMPLEMENTATION As indicated in earlier section, this appeal will have two main components. It includes, a) Provision of emergency relief food (grain and oil) b) Provision of rehabilitation inputs (seeds and tools) as a component within the food distribution program. The proposed activities on EGS basis and the rehabilitation component of the program are targeted at improving the capacity of the farmers and communities at large, to enable them to cope with future vulnerabilities to food insecurity. The type and quantities of the required for emergency food assistance by EECMY DASSC is shown on Table I below. The type and quantities of items required for rehabilitation are shown on Tables I, III, and IV. Table I: Summary of quantities of food requirement per district SN Woreda No of Beneficiaries Cereals (MT) Oil (MT) Total (MT) Remark 1 Bako Tibe 58,800 6174 185 8829 2 Mida kegn 18,900 2072 62 2962 3 Jeldu 36,000 3240 97 4633 Total 113,700 11486 344 16,424 Table II: Affected population for which food grain, Pulses and oil have been secured from CRS/USAID via LWF/Ethiopia Region Zone Woreda Population Needing Cereals Oil Total Food Assist. Close monitoring Total Oromiya Bale Rayitu 29,500 5,000 34,500 2,655 80 2,735 Sewena 32,800 29,500 61,800 2,952 89 3,041 Beltu 30,500 12,000 42,500 2,294 69 2,363 Mada Walabu 15,000 5,000 20,000 1,350 41 1,391 SNNPR Sidama Dale 15,000 6,000 21,000 1,350 41 1,391 Aleta - Wondo 15,000 5,000 20,000 1,350 41 1,391 Sp.Wareda Amaro 26,000 5,000 31,000 2,340 70 2,410 Afar Zone 1 Mile 20,200 4,100 24,300 1,818 55 1,873 Chifra 19,500 2,400 21,900 1,755 53 1,808 Amhara Waghmra Dahana 39,100 0 39,100 4,317 130 4,447 Total 242,600 74,000 316,100 22,181 669 22,850 Note: For Dale, Aleta wando, Amaro, Mada-walabu (local) Mille, Chifra, Rayitu, Beltu, Sawena Food Operation areas food grain, pulses and oil are already secured from CRS/USAID. Table III: Types and amount of seeds Required for the year 2004 Woreda No of Beneficiaries Types of seed Wheat Barely Teff 1 Dale 15,000 90 90 30 2 AletaWando 15,000 90 90 30 3 Bako Tibe 58,800 180 180 118 4 Mida Kegn 18,900 113 114 38 5 Jeldu 36,000 108 108 10 6 Rayitu 29,500 90 90 90 7 Sawena 32,800 98 98 98 8 Beltu 30,500 92 92 92 9 Amaro 26,000 78 78 78 10 Dahana 39,100 117 117 117 11 Medawalabu 15,000 90 90 0 Total 316,600 1,146 1,147 701 NB: 1. It is estimated that each household has an average of 5 persons. 2. For each household, 15kg of seed from each variety were estimated to be distributed. Table IV: Amount and types of farm tools for distribution SN Woreda Benef. Hoe Pick axe Shovel Axe Sickles Crowbar Hammer Marasha & wagel Total 1 Dale 15,000/ 3000 3000 200 200 3000 100 100 1500 11100 2 AletaWando 15,000/ 3000 3000 200 200 3000 100 100 1500 11100 3 Amaro 26,000/ 5200 5200 200 200 5200 100 100 200 16400 4 BaBko Tibe 58,800/ 11800 11800 500 600 11800 100 100 1000 37700 5 Mida Kegn 18,900/ 3780 3780 500 500 3780 100 100 1000 13540 6 Jeldu 36,000/ 7200 7200 300 200 7200 100 100 500 22800 7 Rayitu 29,500/ 5900 5900 200 200 5900 100 100 0 18300 8 Sawena 32,800/ 6560 6560 200 200 6560 100 100 0 20280 9 Beltu 30,500/ 6100 6100 200 200 6100 100 100 0 18900 10 Dahana 39,100/ 7820 7820 200 200 7820 100 100 100 24160 11 Medawalabu(local) 15,000/ 3000 3000 200 200 3000 100 100 100 9700 Total quantity 316,600/ 63360 63360 2900 2900 63360 1100 1100 5900 203980 Unit cost of tools Eth Birr 25 20 20 20 15 50 60 25 Total cost 1,584,000 1,267,200 58,000 58,000 950,400 55,000 66,000 147,500 4,186,100 Estimated costs of Food and Rehabilitation inputs In the report of prospect in 2004, the DDPC indicated that many areas in the country will have a surplus production in 2004. The surplus producing areas are expected to bring their surplus product to cover most of their needs other than food. Farmers in some places have already started to supply maize to the market at reduced price. Local purchase of the food requirement is encouraged by all actors of humanitarian aid in order to stabilise the market and project the livelihood of the community. In considering the local purchase, the following current market prices have been taken into account: 1. Current Local prices of food grains per MT Wheat Eth. Birr 1,900.00 Oil Eth.Birr 15,000.00 Beans Eth .Birr 1,900.00 2. Current Local prices of seeds per MT Improved Seeds Teff Eth. Birr 2,800.00 Wheat(Local ) Eth.Birr 2,800.00 Barely (Local) Eth.Birr 2,800.00 3. Current price of farm hand tools (Unit cost) Flat Hoe Eth. Birr 25.00 plough points and Hooks Eth. Birr 25.00 Pick Axe Eth. Birr 20.00 Sickles Eth. birr 10.00 Axe Eth. Birr 15.00 Shovel Eth. Birr 20.00 Bush Knife Eth. Birr 20.00 Chemicals(Lit) Eth. Birr 50.00 ` Hammer Eth birr 60.00 Estimated costs (Exchange rate: 1 USD = 8.5 Eth. Birr) Table V: Estimated costs: Food grain SN Woredas in Oromiya No Benef. Type of inputs for food Total need (MT) Cost per MT (Eth. Birr) Total cost Eth. Birr Total Cost USD 1 Bako-Tibe 58,800 Food grain 6,174 1,900 11,730,600 1,380,071 Oil 185 15,000 2,775,000 326,471 Sub total 6,359 14,505,600 1,706,442 2 Mida Kegn 18,900 Food grain 2,072 1,900 3.936,800 463,153 Oil 62 15,000 930,000 109,412 Sub total 2,134 4,866,800 572,565 3 Jeldu 36,000 Food grain 3,240 1,900 6,156,000 724,235 Oil 97 15,000 1,455,000 171,176 Sub total 113,700 3,337 7,611,000 895,411 Total 11,830 26,983,400 3,174,318 Table VI: Amount and cost of seeds needed SN Operation areas No of Benef. Total Amount of seeds/MT Cost per MT Total cost Remark Eth. Birr USD 1 Bako Tibe 58,800 478 2,800 1,338,400 157,459 Average price per MT 2 Mida kegn 18,900 265 2,800 742,000 87,294 2,800Birr 3 Jeldu 36,000 226 2,800 632,800 126,560 4 Aleta Wando 15,000 195 2,800 546,000 64,235 5 Dale 15,000 210 2,800 588,000 69,176 6 Amaro 26,000 234 2,800 655,200 77,082 7 Rayitu 29,500 270 2,800 756,000 88,941 8 Sawena 32,800 294 2,800 823,200 96,847 9 Beltu 30,500 276 2,800 772,800 90,918 10 Dahana 39,100 351 2,800 982,800 115,624 11 MadaWalabu 15,000 180 2,800 504,000 59,294 Total 316,600 2,979 2,800 8,341,200 981,317 Implementation description per activity The EECMY DASSC and the church units' DASSC have many years of experience implementing relief programmes. Eighty percent of beneficiaries will participate in EGS activities, however, the actual number of beneficiaries that can participate on EGS activities will depend on the capacity of the woreda and local partners to plan and implement the programmes. In almost all areas of the planned intervention, the EECMY has strong presence and ongoing development programmes that can facilitate the smooth implementation of this appeal. It is expected that technical inputs for the distribution of the rehabilitation component of this appeal will be provided from the ongoing relief programme staff of the implementing EECMY units. However details of EGS activities in all woredas will depend on the level of funding and a detailed work plan will be made as soon as fund is secured and this information will be given to local implementing partners and government offices. All able-bodied beneficiaries will participate in the selected activities of the EGS. A family, represented by one person, will work for about 20 days to get the full monthly ration. EECMY DASSC, with the local DPPC, will make EGS plans in such a way that will not interfere in normal agricultural activities. The remaining about twenty percent of the beneficiaries who are the most vulnerable group will receive gratuitous relief. It is anticipated that increased availability of food will increase the participation of the community in the on going rehabilitation and development activities. The implementation strategy for the agricultural input such as farm tools and seed distribution for beneficiaries will be based on input for work (experience from EECMY/LWF areas of operation). The beneficiaries for seed and farm tools will be identified based on the set criteria from each woreda. Then the rehabilitation input provided will be given a value, based on the local market price. Instead of providing the input free, the beneficiaries will work according to the value of the input they received. The communities will also decide which type of work should be carried out. This implementation strategy requires storage of food and non-food items in the working areas. In areas where relief operations are going on, the relief the existing storage facilities will be used to store the items. Similarly, storage facilities will be ready both for the requested relief food items and the rehabilitation requests. The implementation of this programme will depend on the level of funding, even though the communities for which we requested assistance remain needy. It also requires a careful planning and co-ordination with different stakeholders at local level. This will be done in close co-operation and consultation with community leaders and different government line ministries. For each relief/EGS centre, a team will be employed who will be responsible for good handling of the commodities, distribution of food and selected agricultural inputs and keeping the records. One distribution team will be put in each of the woredas. One distribution team consists of one team leader, two distributors, one registrar, two guards and one storekeeper (at each store). However the number of staff at distribution centres may differ between areas, based on the local capacity to use the already employed staff. Depending on the level of support with food aid, the distribution teams will be assigned for the period of the activities that the funding may decide. EGS supervisors will be employed or members of the ongoing relief/ development programme will co-ordinate the implementation of the EGS and input for work activities. Because of the participatory approach the detailed plan of each activity2 The detail EGS activities indicated on this proposal is based on partners' plan in consultation with the woreda DPPC. 2 and accomplishment cannot be known until the level of funding is identified. For the ongoing relief food distributions, USAID will continue to provide funds to cover the cost of the relief distribution operations until the end of the current operations, June 30 or end of August. In this case, we did not include fund for the relief distribution team in this appeal. The proposed budget in this appeal therefore, included funds to cover expenses for purchase, transport, and for distribution teams and other transport needs. But budget has been requested for the woredas which we are not currently operating relief work. As soon as the relief inputs and budget are approved by the donors, the EECMY DASSC will inform the church units to make all the necessary preparations to undertake the operations. Provided with the necessary resources, the church units are capable of undertaking and also shouldering the over all responsibility of implementing the programs at their local level. They will implement the programs according to the principles adopted by the church for her development and social services. These include participation of the beneficiaries, local government line departments, local church units and other relevant bodies in decision making processes and activities. Locations for proposed response The EECMY SEAW will implement the operations in the 4 woredas of Bale Zone (Rayitu, Beltu, Sawena and Mada-Walabu), where as the implementing church unit for Dale, Aleta Wando and Amaro will be EECMY-SCES. Operation areas in Dahana woreda of Wagimira Zone of Amhara region will be implemented by EEECMY -NCES, where as the one in Jeldu will be implemented by CES and the one in Bako-Tibe will be implemented by CGS. In December 2003, the Federal Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Commission of Ethiopia/DPPC/, issued appeal of food need prospect for the year 2004. Out of the enormous needy areas in the country, the EECMY church units have accepted and endorsed the following priority areas. Except the NCES-EECMY areas of the following list, the EECMY has been operating relief works in all of these areas during the year 2003 and is still operating relief with the resources from USAID through Catholic Relief Secretariat. SEAW-EECMY Oromiya Bale Zone, Raiytu, Beltu, Sawena, and Mada- Walabu woredas NCES-EECMY Afar Zone 1, Mille and Chifira woredas NCES-EECMY Amhara Wag-Himra zone, Dahena woreda SCES-EECMY SNNPR Sidasma zone, Aleata Wando and Dale, and Amaro especial woreda In this appeal emergency relief food is requested for the following woredas through the following church units: CGS CGS-EECMY Oromiya West Showa zone, Bako-Tibe, Mida Kegn woredas CES-EECMY Oromiya West Showa zone, Jeldu woreda EECMY Operation Areas Region by Region Oromiya Region >From among the zones of Oromiya regional government, the EECMY DASSC is currently operating relief works only in Bale zone. The relief currently under operation is in four woredas; Sawena, Beltu, Rayitu and Meda Walabu. The relief food distribution resource for the current operation is approved up to June 2004, and may be extended through August. The new request for food distribution in Oromiya West Showa zone is from Central Ghibe for Bako Tibe and Mida kegn woredas and from Central Ethiopia Synods for Jaldu woreda to start operation. Therefore, in this appeal, there are seven woredas of Oromiya region. Bale Zone According to the appeal of Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Commission/DPPC/ of the government due to failure of the belg and Meher rains, major harvest reduction and failure were observed. According to this appeal there are a total of 107,800 needy people in Sawena, Beltu, Rayitu woredas of Bale zone in Oromiya region as of the beginning of the year 2004. The populations that needed immediate support are: Rayitu 29,500 people, Sawena 32,800 people, Beltu 30,500 people and 15,000 people in Medawalabu. For these populations, distribution of food is secured from USAID through CRS, and now we are requesting for rehabilitation inputs only. The food support has been secured up to end of June 2004, and may be extended through August. Sawena, Beltu and Rayitu woredas are located at about 610km. 660km and 585km southeast of Addis Ababa respectively, and are located in low-land Bale Zone of Oromiya Regional state. In all these woredas, the infrastructure and basic service delivery are extremely poor. According to the 2002 census, 58,463, 44,560 and 36,194 people live in Sawena, Beltu and Rayitu woredas respectively. The livelihood in the three woredas is dependent on livestock. The main herd constitutes camel, Cattle, goats, sheep and donkeys. All the woredas have similar bimodal rainfall patterns. The main (meher) rain season called "Genna" in Swwena, and Beltu fall between March-May, while the short season called "Hagaya" fall between October/November. In Rayitu, the main rainy (Meher) season "Genna" falls between September to October/November, while the short rain (Belg) locally called "Arfasa" fall between March to end of May. Over the last 8 years, rainfall in these woredas has been erratic. As a result, water and pasture are in short supply. Reports from the woredas reveal that large number of livestock decreased either through death, mainly due to lack of pasture and water, or sale to meet the daily food need of the families. During the rainy season in the year 2003, the onset of short rain (belg) for these woredas was very late by 4 -6 weeks and insufficient. Due to poor performance of the rains, areas covered by crops were reduced resulting in the harvest failure. All these factors are the major causes that led to the anticipation of localized food shortage among the people of these woredas. The fear of the drought has already tempted many farmers to sell their livestock already at low prices. As in the previous years, lack of own food is the major problem to be addressed. The deficit has to be filled by relief/EGS food expected from donors or the government. Mada Walabu woreda -This is one of the 18 woredas of Bale zone. Per DDPB, 2001 the total population of the woreda is 77, 638 people. Most of the inhabitants are Oromo. There are some Somali in the areas adjacent to Somali region. Majority of the population is Agro-pastoral, earning their living mainly from livestock production and some crop husbandry. The major part of the woreda is located in the low-land while some part of it is in the medium altitude. The main rainy season in Meda walabu woreda is between March to May (Haggaya) and the smaller rainy season is between October and November (Genna). As a result of low and erratic rainfall, crop performance is very poor and loss of crops and pasture was substantial.. Lack of infrastructure, remoteness, shortage of rain, diseases etc hamper the rural economy. Depletion of Assets has reduced the purchasing power of the community and the death of cattle has caused shortage of oxen for land preparation as well as reduced milk supplies. As in the other similar woredas of Bale, the root cause for poor performance, crop, water and livestock conditions is the failure of the rains. The shortage of pasture and water is mainly due to poor performance of the rains. Most of households have no food of their own except the distribution of relief/EGS. The magnitude of the problem has increased over the last 5 years. As in the previous years, Mada Walabu remains food insecure area in 2004. Among the local inhabitants of the woreda, 15,000 people are in need of food aid in 2004. West Showa zone Bako Tibe, Mida Kegn and Jeldu woredas These target areas are located in the western Shewa administrative zone of Oromiya. Onset of the short rains (Belg) which normally starts in the 2nd half of March was late in almost all parts of these woredas. Besides late coming, the distribution was irregularly characterized by long dry spells. In a similar manner, the Meher rain expected to start in fist week of May came late in mid June, which was very late for early crops like sorghum and Maize. Later on hailstorm, heavy rains, and floods damaged crops in many Peasant Associations/PAs/ of these Areas.The main rains also ceased very early in many parts of these areas. Significant production loss was observed due to the following reasons. Late coming, Erratic and low amount of rainfall particularly in lowland areas. Loss of oxen and other livestock in previous years due to recurrent drought Chronic Livestock disease/Trypanosomiasis Flash floods, heavy rainfall, water logging & hailstorms Low level of farming input due to high price Lack of enough farm hand tools and seeds Malaria outbreak All these causes led to harvest shortfall and left many of the farmers at a level where they can not even feed themselves. The shortage of food is mainly observed among the dwellers in low-land areas of these woredas. According to the pre -harvest assessment made in August and October 2003, the following will remain needy of food assistances in 2004. Bako Tibe 58,800 people Mida Kegn 18,900 people Jeldu 36,000 people Total 113,700 people Beside the relief /EGS food support, these areas are also in need of rehabilitation inputs such as seeds and farm hand tools. Regarding the livestock disease, PAs in the low-land areas of these woredas are repeatedly asking for construction of Veterinary health posts and supply of drugs to combat the deadly disease -Trypanosomiasis and other seasonal outbreaks. Malaria epidemic outbreak was observed in all these waredas and supply of drugs to local near by government health posts is requested. Supply of pure water for human consumption is scarce in Bako-Tibe and Mida -kegn waredas. Protection of some of the springs for human and animals must be considered for the timely alleviation of water problem. Operations in Affar Region Chifra and Mille woredas of Afar Region Afar region is situated in the north eastern part of Ethiopia. It is divided into 5 different zones. Afar is located in the great east African rift valley, which is entirely low-land, inhabited by pastoralists. Again the region is experiencing drought. Normally the Karma (Meher) rainfall occurs from mid or late June to mid September. This year the onset of the Karma rain was reported to be in mid July, late by about two to four weeks, depending on the area. It stopped by the end of August, two weeks earlier than normal. Generally good rains were received by most woredas during the month of August. Amount of distribution of rainfall were good except in some pocket low-land areas, like Dallol, Berahle and parts of Afder and Afdera and Erebti of Zone 2. Chifra and Dubti of Zone 1, and Arthuma and Dewe of Zone 5 report that the rain distribution was erratic and sometimes insufficient in amount. Further more below normal rains were received in Gewane and Buremudaitu (Zone 3) where it rained for only five to seven days during the entire season.In general, the Karma rains were better this year than the last 3 -4 years both in amount and distribution. Even so, the situation this year is somewhat below normal, and the region is not still recovering from the disasters of the previous year's drought. In the two woredas (districts), Chifra and Mille of zone 1, EECMY/LWF Soil and Water Project (SWCP) is currently constructing and operating a small-scale river diversion and irrigation scheme. In these areas the water points have dried up while pasture is seriously scarce. The water levels in the perennial rivers like Mille are very low and many livestock have died - about 50 percent livestock death was reported. A lot have migrated to the nearby intermediate high-land Amhara and Tigray regions in search of pasture and water. The rest are physically weak (weight loss) in bad shape and cannot give birth to calves and produce milk before one year. In addition to the water and pasture shortages, serious livestock diseases have been reported from all areas. The implementation modality of the EEECMY/LWF Soil and water conservation project/ SWCP/ is food-for-work. Relief food, which will be distributed through Employment Generation Scheme/EGS/, can be used to expand and strengthen the SWCP activities and ensure that the communities can effectively utilise the irrigation schemes and other infrastructures. Beneficiaries: Chifra 19,500 people Mile 20,200 people Total 39,700 people In a similar manner with that of the situation in Bale zone of Oromiya region, relief food distribution is being carried out in these woredas by the ECMY/LWF using the resources from the USAID through CRS. Food is secured for these woredas up to the end of June and may be extended through August 2004. Operations in SNNPR region Amaro Special woreda, in SNNPR Amaro is located about 485 km south of Addis Ababa. The inhabitants of Amaro special woreda are subsistence farmers. Main crops produced for food in the woreda are mainly maize, wheat, teff, barley, haricot bean, pea, bean, vegetable crops, etc. Enset (ensete vetricossa Banana), chat (a catha edulis stimulant) and coffee are also the popular perennials produced for food and cash. The farmers also rear animals like cattle, sheep, goats etc. There are two cropping seasons in the area; belg rain from September to November and the Meher rain from February to May. The belg rains are mainly used for land preparation (for coffee) and planting of long cycle crops such as maize and sorghum. The Meher rains are used for planting crops like barley, teff, wheat, bean, pea, haricot bean, and vegetable crops. Besides, Meher rains are also important for the growth and development of perennial crops such as enset, coffee and chat. According to the December DPPC Early Warning System report, onset of the 2003 Belg rains was reported to be late in the region and in the special woreda. A wide spread dry spell occurred at the growth stage especially on the long cycle crops like maize. Adverse weather phenomena such as excessive rain, hailstorms, flash floods, land slide and drainage problem affected many of the region as well as the woreda. The prospective for crop production in Amaro was also affected by severe dry spells that occurred at growth and flowering stages of the crops. Late on- set of rain and intermittent dry spells affected land preparation in many areas of Amaro and parts of Gamo - Gofa. As a result, a major crop yield failure expected due to early rains cessation. A dry spell and moisture stress at growth and flowering stage caused high yield loss in maize. Also due to erratic distribution of Meher rain, enormous loss of harvest is expected both in high & lowland areas. Thus, the production performance was and is still low in the woreda. The production prospect would have been better had there not been shortage of agricultural inputs, particularly fertilisers and improved seeds when it started raining. Farmers could not get inputs on credit due to previous years' unsettled debts. Pasture and water availability have improved in most areas. Over all livestock condition is good. However, epidemic of lump skin diseases (cattle) and African-horse sickness (in equines) have had sever consequences in livestock in many woredas of SNNPR including Amaro Diseases in sheep and goats were prevailing in Amaro, Burji, Konso and Darashe special woredas. Increased prevalence of trypanosomiasis has been noted in most low-land parts of the region. Incidences of regular diseases such as anthrax, blackleg, pasteruelosis, and liverfluke/fasciola particularly in Hadiya (Duna woreda) after feeding on a poisonous grass called Brackenfem. Although detail information is yet unavailable for south Omo, pasture and water shortages are likely, as is the case in neighboring (Borena (Oromiya Region).Incidence of malaria has also caused severe health problem in many areas. Water and pasture shortage is prevailing even in the highlands. Perennial rivers and springs are drying up even in the highlands. There was an outbreak of malaria in the lowlands, which was later controlled. The cumulative effects of unfavourable climatic conditions causing total failure of crop harvest, a significant decrease in coffee price, and other chronic problems (like land degradation, deforestation etc), have exposed 26,000 people to severe food shortages. The planting period March - April, (belg), and harvest is in June/July, when the weather is favourable. Therefore, the relief assistance (grain, supplementary food & edible oil, seeds and farm hand tools should continue up to the expected harvest time (June/July). EECMY/South Central Ethiopia Synod (SCES), that is operating relief food distribution, has development activities in the area such as; tree nurseries that provide seedlings to farmers, spring protection/development, hand dug wells, health & sanitation work etc. The beneficiaries, through the EGS, will be engaged in ponds construction, construction of rural roads, reforestation (preparing places for trees planting), clearing & developing/protecting springs and hand-dug wells preparation. Dale and Aleta Wondo woredas in Sidam zones of SNNPR The woredas are among the ten woredas in Sidama Zone of SNNPR. Both Dale and Aleta Wondo woredas are known for their diverse, intensive, and well-established traditional agro- forestry systems in which a diversity of perennial and annual crops are grown together. In both woredas, mixed agriculture is practised. Major crops grown include enset, coffee, maize, wheat, teff, barley, haricot bean, and chat. Enset is the main staple food while coffee and chat are cash crops. There are two cropping seasons in the areas, Belg & Meher. Belg rains (September to November) are mainly used for land preparation and planting long cycle crops such as maize and sorghum and seed bed preparation for Meher crops. The Meher rains (from February to May) are used for planting of cereal crops like barley, teff, wheat, and vegetable crops. Besides, Meher rains are also responsible for the growth and development of perennial crops such as enset, coffee and chat. Although, population pressure, land shortage and soil erosion are the main problems, farmers used to be self-sufficient and food secure min these woredas. According to the December 2003 Regional assessment team report, the food security situation in the area has deteriorated rapidly since the 1999 drought that struck most parts of the country. Following the poor harvest of the same year, the drastic decline of coffee and animal prices and incidences of hailstorms in some pocket areas in 2000 and 2001 further deteriorated the situation. As per the August 2003 DPPC EWS reports, the onset of Belg rains was reported to be late by 4-5 weeks. Its amount and distribution was much below normal in the months of March and April. Starting from end of April up to June a dry spell was reported in the lowlands of the woreda. In general, the performance of the 2003 Belg rain was very poor and much below average from the previous two years, particularly in the lowlands. Due to late on set of rains, planting time was delayed by about a month, and the planted area much less than the previous year. Performance of crop production, particularly in the lowlands, was severely affected by weather adversities such as long dry spells and hailstorms. In addition to weather adversities, pest infestation was another cause for production loses. In the mid high-lands the production prospect would have been better had there not been shortage of agricultural inputs, particularly fertilisers and improved seeds. Reportedly farmers could not get inputs on credit due to previous year's unsettled debts. Shortage of water and pasture, particularly in the lowlands, as well as increased malnutrition in lowland areas of Alata Wondo were also reported. Since April, the price of grain has increased mainly due to the failure of belg crop production. The cumulative effects of the chronic problems in the area plus the current belg adversities have exposed 15,000 people in Alata Wondo to relief food assistance. These people need relief food (grain, edible oil & supplementary food) at least up to December 2004. It is very important to consider the continuity of relief assistance up to the end of the year. The farmers also require assorted seeds for the coming rainy season. As EECMY/SCES has development activities like; spring protection/development, hand-dug wells construction, education & health works, the beneficiaries will be engaged in spring protection, construction of hand dug ponds and wells, roads, farm-land preparation and etc on an EGS basis. Operations in Amhara region Wag Himera Zone, Dahana Woreda Dahana woreda is known in general for it's chronic food insecurity, degradation and remoteness. It is about 760 km north of Addis Ababa. The road upto Sekota is an all weather road, while the last 70km road upto Amdawork, the main town is very rough dry weather road. The woreda is highly food insecure due to a variety of reasons including diminishing landholdings and land productivity, a lack of productive assets and/or house-holds has thus continued to rise in response to the above reasons. The farmers in the area reported that fertility of the land has declined alarmingly, the weather condition has not been stable and occurrences of pests and livestock diseases have become more frequent and damaging the farmers describe their situation with the following comments. "The land and the crops have been in conflict. The land is tired of the people. Because of the low agricultural produce the impact of the relief food on the local market prices will mostly benefit the communities and keep them from selling such as their livestock to cover their food needs'. EECMY/LWF has for several years assisted the needy beneficiaries in this chronically food insecure woreda, besides the relief operation, EECMY/LWF in 2000 implemented pilot project the grey zone study', which attempted to link relief with development through the provision of seeds and tools. Support to water development and environmental protection training. In this pilot project 5 spring development, two hand -dug wells, and 2 ponds were constructed. Water developments like these are highly valued and will be further expanded during this operation. EECMY/LWF in 2001 conducted a health and sanitation workshop, which was appreciated by the participants from the woreda, the PAs and the farmers. It was recommended to continue these workshops in other areas of the woreda as well. LWF/EECMY in 2003 distributed food obtained from the donors based on EGS. LWF/EECMY is applying for food to reach the people to meet their needs and as a continuation to strengthen the already initiated EGS and rehabilitation activities. In the period from July to December each year more than 50% of the population depends on food AID distributions. The total numbers of people who need immediate assistance in Dahana woreda are 14,100 (DPPC/EWS December 2003). Because of the severe nutritional status, supplementary food including vegetable oil should be supplied for all beneficiaries. ADMINISTRATION, FINANCE, MONITORING & REPORTING Administration The EECMY/DASSC and the local church units will have the responsibility of implementing the programmes in their respective areas of operation. EECMY/DASSC and units have the overall responsibility of implementing the programme at local level. The respective church units implement the programme and work in close consultation with the local community and the government line ministries. In all woredas there are committees for disaster prevention and preparedness, which are responsible for beneficiaries' screening and overseeing the distributions. The implementing EECMY units are also responsible for recruiting and employment of local staff and making the necessary arrangement to ensure storage availability. They also have the overall responsibility of co-ordinating the programme implementation with local community, line departments, local administration and other NGOs who are working in their respective areas. The Church units, in their respective areas of operation, have the responsibility of preparing interim reports, narratives, financial and final report at the end of the programme according to the ACT Guidelines. All copies of the narrative reports will be sent to the EECMY central co-ordination office. The EECMY -DASSC office will compile the narrative and financial reports and forward it to ACT Co-ordinating office Geneva. The overall programme coordination, with regard to information sharing and reporting, will be the responsibility of the EECMY - DASSC Emergency Relief and Preparedness co-ordination office at central level. The Church units, EECMY/NCES, EECMY/SEAW, and EECMY/SCES, CES, and EECMY/CGS will be responsible for the day-to-day implementation for the programmes at the local level. Finance The fund for the purchase and transport of the commodities will be spent at central DASSC level. The remaining fund for such as relief staff salaries and benefits will be transferred to the implementing church units. The disbursement of the fund will be monitored and supervised by central DASSC Finance Coordination office. The financial report will be compiled for the whole operations according to the ACT requirements and submitted to the ACT Coordinating office in Geneva. Based on the planned activities in each areas of intervention the necessary resources financial and food or kind donations will be transferred to implementing church units through central DASSC. When the project is finalised, each implementing church unit will prepare both narrative and final financial reports for submission to be consolidated at central DASSC and to be submitted to ACT Geneva. All accounts related to this ACT appeal will be audited by external Auditing firm at the end of the operation. Audit Firms of the Implementing Partners: For EECMY central DASSC A.W. Thomas and his company, chartered and certified accountant. For EECMY units: Getachew Yimenshowa and Company Getachew Kassaye and Company A.W. Thomas and Company Monitoring Monitoring of the programme will be done at three levels. The EECMY DASSC Emergency Preparedness and Relief section and the implementing church units' DASSC will conduct a regular monitoring of the programme implementation. The implementing church units DASSC and their relief program co-ordinators (development and/ or rehabilitation) that are responsible for overall implementation of the programme at regional and zonal level will do the second level monitoring. The third level of monitoring will be done by the relief distribution team leaders and EGS supervisors who will work at woreda and peasant association level. They are also responsible for the day to day implementation of the programme in close consultation and co-operation with the community. Reporting Schedule: 1st Interim report: 15 January 2005 2nd Interim report: 15 May 2005 Final Narrative and Financial reports: 15 August 2005 Audit report: Fall 2005 IMPLEMENTATION TIMETABLE The operation in this proposal is for a total of 8 months, from September 15, 2004 - May 15, 2005. The actual duration of the distribution of relief food and rehabilitation inputs, varies between woredas. The detail implementation table will be reviewed when funding is made available and if situation changes, improves or deteriorate. Month Description of activities Resources needed Financing 1 When information about the approval of the project fund is received, the church units will be alerted to organize the necessary facilities like storage and prepare the necessary staff for implementations of the program. Telephone, fax The EECMY can advance the amount of money needed for this. 2 Purchasing and transportation of relief food; preparation of distribution plans; preparation of EGS plans, including identifying source of rehabilitation inputs, procurement and transportation of technical input (tools, seeds, etc) Fund for the food grain and other inputs from ACT. Distrib. teams in place. Technical experts for EGS planning. ACT donation for the purchase of food aid for those operation areas not supported by USAID for running of operation including funds for additional EGS Inputs (tools etc.) and workshops. 3 Distribution of food and Oil; preparation of EGS plans, including conducting Training programmes, Transportation of rehabilitation input (tools and seeds, etc); EGS activities to start; Implementation of input-for-work approach; Technical assistance for EGS activities; Monitoring of activities. food and oil and distribution teams in place. Technical experts for EGS implementation. Rehabilitation inputs and technical experts. USAID, ACT donation of food aid including ACT network financial support to cover the running of the operation. In addition ACT to cover the cost of rehabilitation inputs, EGS, inputs and for workshops and training. 4 Distribution of Grain; food and oil; EGS activities; Implementation of input-for-work approach; ( seeds, & tools etc.).Technical assistance for EGS activities; monitoring of activities. Grain and supply. food. Distribution teams in place. Technical experts for EGS implementation. ACT &USAID donation of food aid including supplementary food. ACT network financial support for running of operation including funds for additional EGS Inputs (tools etc.). ACT network financial support for Rehabilitation inputs and workshops/ training. 5 Distribution of Grain; food and oil, EGS activities; Implementation of input-for-work approach; (sweet potato cuttings, seeds, tools etc.).Technical assistance for EGS activities; Monitoring of activities. Review the need for food assistance based on the expected appeal from DPPC. Prepare amendment on the proposal as necessary and prepare for the continuation of the relief/EGS activities. Grain; food and oil. Distribution teams in place. Technical experts for EGS implementation. USAID, ACT donation of food aid including supplementary food. ACT network financial support for running of operation including funds for additional EGS Inputs (tools etc.). ACT network financial support for Rehabilitation inputs and workshops/ training. 5 Replan the program according to the DPPC appeal. Distribution of Grain, suppl. food and oil; EGS activities; Implementation of input-for-work approach; (sweet potato cuttings, seeds, tools etc.).Technical assistance for EGS activities; Monitoring of activities. Grain, suppl. food and oil. Distribution teams in place. Technical experts for EGS implementation. USAID, ACT donation of food aid including supplementary food. ACT network financial support for running of operation including funds for additional EGS Inputs (tools etc.). ACT network financial support for Rehabilitation inputs and workshops/ training. 6 Distribution of Grain, suppl. food and oil; EGS activities; Implementation of input-for-work approach; (seeds, tools etc.).Technical assistance for EGS activities; Monitoring of activities. Review the need for food assistance in second quarter of 2003, prepare amendment on the proposal as necessary and prepare for the continuation of the relief/EGS activities. Grain, suppl. food and oil. Distribution teams in place. Technical experts for EGS implementation. USAID, ACT donation of food aid including supplementary food. ACT network financial support for running of operation including funds for additional EGS Inputs (tools etc.). ACT network financial support for Rehabilitation inputs and workshops/ training. 7 Distribution of Grain, suppl. food and oil; EGS activities; Implementation of input-for-work approach; (seeds, tools etc.).Technical assistance for EGS activities; Monitoring of activities. Grain, suppl. food and oil. Distribution teams in place. Technical experts for EGS implementation. USAID, ACT donation of food aid including supplementary food. ACT network financial support for running of operation including funds for additional EGS Inputs (tools etc.). ACT network financial support for Rehabilitation inputs and workshops/ training. 8 Continuation of EGS activities based on input-for-work. Monitoring of activities. Finalisation including implementation report Co-ordination and monitoring. ACT network financial support for running of operation including funds for additional EGS Inputs (tools etc.) ACT network financial support for running operation. CO-ORDINATION All relief, rehabilitation and development projects in Ethiopia need to be co-ordinated and officially approved by the Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Commission. The EECMY, as a member of ACT in its respective areas of operation, has already been engaged in relief operation according to the DPPC's appeal and approval. All the areas in which this appeal is planned are on the list of the DPPC appeal. Once the funding level is known, EECMY/DASSC and its units will contact the regional DPPB's for, Amhara Oromiya, and SNNP regions. At zonal and district level, the EECMY Church Units (Synods) with related local bodies will co-ordinate the activities, with the zonal and woreda authorities who will be involved in the planning and implementation of proposed activities. The presence of the EECMY structure at the local level will ensure the full participation of community leaders and line departments. The EECMY units are all fully informed that this appeal is submitted to ACT and response is awaited. X. BUDGET Description Type of No. Unit Cost Budget Budget Unit Units Eth. Birr Eth. Birr USD Post Crisis Phase Food Relief Assistance (for Four Months) Cereals MT 5,746 1,900.00 10,917,400.00 1,284,400 Edible oil purchase MT 172 15,000.00 2,580,000.00 303,529 Sub total 16,900 13,497,400.00 1,587,929 Reconstruction Hoe Pcs 63,360 25 1,584,000.00 186352.94 Pick axe 63,360 20 1,267,200.00 149082.35 Hovel 2,900 20 58,000.00 6823.53 Axe 2,900 20 58,000.00 6823.53 Sickles 63,360 15 950,400.00 111811.76 Crowbar 1,100 50 55,000.00 6470.59 Hummer 1,100 60 66,000.00 7764.71 Maresha & Wogel 5,900 25 147,500.00 17352.94 Sub Total 4,186,100.00 492,482.35 Direct Programme Related Costs Team leader for 4 months 3 1,183.00 28,392 3,340.24 Coordinator for 4 months 2 2,600.00 41,600 4,894.12 Account clerk for 4 months 2 1,560.00 24,960 2,936.47 Registrar for 4 months 3 1,014.00 24,336 2,863.06 Distributor for 4 months 6 1,014.00 48,672 5,726.12 Cashier for 4 months 2 910.00 14,560 1,712.94 Storekeeper for 4 months 5 1,014.00 40,560 4,771.76 Drivers for 4 months 2 1,014.00 16,224 1,908.71 Guards for 4 months 10 422.50 33,800 3,976.47 Sub Total 273,104 32,129.88 TOTAL DIRECT ASSISTANCE 273,104 32,129.88 TRANSPORT, WAREHOUSING & HANDLING Transport Hire/Rental of Vehicles (internal) Bako MT/KM 6837*250 1.25 2,136,563 251,360.29 Hire/Rental of Vehicles (internal) Mida kegn 2399*220 1.25 659,725 77,614.71 Hire/Rental of Vehicles (internal) Jeldu 3563*180 1.25 801,675 94,314.71 Wages for labourers: Loading/unl. MT 14,809 30.0 444,270 52,267.06 TOTAL TRANSPORT, WAREHOUSING & HANDLING 4,042,233 475,556.76 Description Type of No. Unit Cost Budget Budget Unit Units Eth. Birr Eth. Birr USD PERSONNEL, ADMINISTRATION, OPERATIONS & SUPPORT Staff salaries DASSC Relief Coordinator Months 12 3,000 36,000 4,235.29 Field officer 12 2,200 26,400 3,105.88 Field supervisor 12 2,200 26,400 3,105.88 Driver 12 1,775 21,300 2,505.88 TOTAL PERSONNEL, ADMIN & SUPPORT 110,100 12,952.94 TOTAL EXPENDITURE 22,108,937 2,601,051 Exchange rate: Ethiopian Birr 8.5 = USD 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Action by Churches Together (ACT) is a worldwide alliance of churches and their related agencies, meeting human need through co-ordinated emergency response. The ACT Coordinating Office is based with the World Council of Churches (WCC) and the Lutheran World Federation (LWF) in Switzerland. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ecumenical Centre Phone: ++41-22-791.60.33 150, route de Ferney Fax: ++41-22-791.65.06 P.O. Box 2100 E-Mail: act@wcc-coe.org 1211 Geneva 2 Telex: 415 730 OIK CH Switzerland http://www.act-intl.org - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Appropriate Donations for International Disaster/Humanitarian Needs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Center for International web: www.cidi.org Disaster Information listserv: www.cidi.org/listsub.htm guidelines: www.cidi.org/donate.htm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -