Great Lakes Region - OFDA-05: 19.Mar.98
Great Lakes Region - OFDA-05: 19.Mar.98
U.S. AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
BUREAU FOR HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE (BHR)
OFFICE OF U.S. FOREIGN DISASTER ASSISTANCE (OFDA)
GREAT LAKES - Complex Emergency
Situation Report #5, Fiscal Year (FY) 1998 March 19, 1998
Note: The last situation report was dated February 18, 1998.
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NUMBERS AFFECTED AT A GLANCE (UNHCR estimates unless otherwise
stipulated)
In the DROC
Refugees: 17,000 Rwandans, 30,000 Burundians
Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs): 187,393 (OCHA est.)
In Rwanda
Returnees: 208,682 Rwandans returned from the DROC and Tanzania in 1997
Refugees: 5,135 Burundians, 26,500 Congolese
In Burundi
Refugees: 600 Rwandans, 20,000 Congolese (majority are old-caseload)
IDPs: 551,252 (OCHA est.)
In Tanzania
Refugees: 263,614 Burundians, 69,131 Congolese, 1,200 Rwandans
In Central African Republic
Refugees: 1,455 Rwandans, 9,000 Congolese
Refugees Elsewhere:
13,400 Congolese and 13,500 Rwandans in Uganda; 2,032 Congolese,
Rwandans, and Burundians in Zambia (IFRC est.); 11,000 Rwandans in
Congo-Brazaville; 2,200 Rwandans in Angola
Note: The term Congolese used above refers to people from the DROC
unless otherwise stipulated.
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REGIONAL
Appeals Launched for the Great Lakes Region
On February 27, the U.N. launched a $550 million Consolidated
Inter-Agency Appeal to meet the emergency needs of over five million
people in Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DROC),
Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda during 1998. Of this amount, the United
Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has appealed for $159
million to help hundreds of thousands of refugees dispersed throughout
the Great Lakes region. The appeal has several objectives, given the
varied needs of the region. They include: provision of life-saving
assistance to those most gravely affected by on-going civil strife;
repatriation and reintegration of refugees; rehabilitation of
infrastructure and basic social services destroyed by years of
continued fighting; and assistance to those affected by recent
droughts, floods, and epidemics.
In addition, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and
the International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent
Societies (IFRC) have appealed for a total of $110 million in support
of their programs in Burundi, the DROC, Rwanda, and Uganda during
1998. ICRC has requested $96 million while IFRC has requested $14
million.
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO
South Kivu Calm After Mounting Tensions
In late February, tensions rose between the Banyamulenge and Congolese
army units in the South Kivu region. The situation was particularly
worrisome in and around Bukavu, Uvira, and Fizi. Efforts by Congolese
Armed Forces (FAC) to integrate Banyamulenge troops into other
military units led the Banyamulenge troops to mutiny and flee Bukavu.
Clashes at Bukavu airport left five dead. Congolese troop
reinforcements arrived in the region as Banyamulenge troops deserted
their posts. According to the United Nations' Office for the
Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Banyamulenge civilians in
fear of further fighting crossed into Burundi to seek safety. Most
relief organizations temporarily relocated staff to Bujumbura.
Tensions were largely diffused when Acting Army Chief of Staff
Commandant James Kabare and General Sikatenda (the senior officer of
the Banyamulenge faction) met with military units in Bukavu and Uvira
(on February 26 and 28, respectively) to negotiate a peaceful
settlement to the crisis. Under the terms of the settlement, after a
cooling off period, some Banyamulenge troops will be rotated to other
units, some will leave the military, and others will receive further
training. The situation in South Kivu is now calm and the troops that
mutinied have returned to their positions.
Travel Restriction Lifted in Goma While Relief Organizations Asked to
Re-Register with the GDROC
FromNovember 28 until January 29, a travel ban in Goma restricted all
relief organizations from carrying out humanitarian activities outside
a 30 km radius. On January 29, the local government lifted the ban on
two organizations Food for the Hungry (FHI) and ICRC. By mid-March,
all relief organizations had received authorization to travel.
In follow-up to a cabinet meeting that took place on February 20, all
NGOs working in-country have been requested to re-register with the
Ministries of Interior, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Ministry of
Justice. The Government of the DROC (GDROC) has said this action
attempts to disband those NGOs that operate under false pretenses for
the destabilization of the country.
Butembo the Scene of Violence
Mai-Mai rebels attacked the North Kivu town of Butembo on February 20.
Within 24 hours, local FAC (Katangan) troops regained control of
Butembo, which is primarily inhabited by the Nande ethnic group. In
days to follow, according to the DROC human rights group AZADHO, the
Katangan units retaliated by killing at least 300 people (including
civilians) in and around Butembo. Many of those killed were alleged
to be young men supporting the Mai-Mai. [Note: The term Mai-Mai has
different meanings in different regions given the varied composition
of the Mai-Mai from region to region.]
North Kivu Governor Leonard Gafunde announced at a press conference on
March 9 that only 51 deaths (not 300) resulted from the fighting. He
further stated that anyone cooperating with the enemy should be
treated accordingly and that troublemakers would be oppressed in the
future. Tensions remain high in Butembo and a curfew is in place.
The Mai-Mai have allegedly threatened to attack the town a second
time.
Kapalata Military Camp Closes as Officers of the Facility are Charged
with the Embezzlement of Food
The Kapalata military camp, located approximately six kms from
Kisangani, is now officially closed following an outbreak of cholera
that claimed the lives of over 380 child soldiers. On February 28,
the last of 2,500 youngsters were medically screened and transferred
out of the camp. The infirm were sent to a local hospital for
evaluation and then transferred to site "H" for recuperation or to a
nearby nutritional center. The military camp, which housed Mai-Mai
soldiers as well as a few ex-FAZ, was closed by the GDROC after much
pressure by the international community. The close quarters, alarming
nutritional level, and lack of water and sanitation within the camp
exacerbated the cholera outbreak. The GDROC plans to send the
youngest children to an orphanage for one year and then reunite them
with their families. The U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) is actively
trying to persuade the GDROC to send these children directly home.
The GDROC plans to keep half of the older children in the army and to
employ the other half in other national service sectors.
Every army officer and instructor who served at the Kapalata military
camp has been directly or indirectly implicated in the embezzlement
and sale of food that was destined to the camp's inhabitants. Those
arrested have been transferred to Kinshasa where they will answer to
the military tribunal.
DROC Trust Fund Meeting Held in Stockholm
International donors met in Stockholm on March 6 in follow-up to an
early December "Friends of Congo" meeting held in Brussels. At the
December meeting, donors agreed in principle to establish a trust fund
for the DROC. Discussions at this latest meeting focused on
guidelines for the proposed fund. At the conclusion of the meeting,
contributions to the trust fund tentatively equaled $32 million. The
United States has pledged to work with Congress to contribute $10
million, as announced by Secretary of State Madeleine Albright during
her visit to Kinshasa late last year. The trust fund will focus on
actions that work toward the alleviation of poverty and contribute to
improving living conditions by rehabilitating basic social services
and infrastructure. Emphasis will be put on labor-intensive programs
to help generate employment.
Human Rights Investigative Team Receives Extension
On February 28, the U.N. team investigating alleged human rights
violations in the DROC was notified that its period of inquiry had
been extended for three months. The probe was to have ended on
February 28, according to its mandate, if the GDROC had not agreed to
an extension. Under the new terms, which the GDROC delivered in
writing to the team's Chief of Mission Atsu Koffi Amega, the
investigation can continue through May 31. The extension was made in
response to a request issued in November by U.N. Secretary-General
Koffi Annan. The investigation covers the period from March 1, 1993
to December 31, 1997. Inquiries are currently underway in Mbandaka.
Investigators hope to extend their investigations to Kisangani and
Goma in the near future. In a March 16 statement, a U.N. spokesman
stated that he expected the inquiry to proceed to its conclusion and
to satisfy the Secretary-General.
RWANDA
Recent Security Incidents in Rwanda
On March 11, approximately 30 armed militiamen attacked a resettlement
village in Bukora commune of Kibungo prefecture. Three local
employees of the Lutheran World Federation were killed during the
attack, along with five other Tutsi civilians. The militiamen
reportedly crossed into eastern Rwanda from Tanzania (via the Akagera
River).
On February 28, fighting broke out between the Rwandan Patriotic Army
(RPA) and rebels in the central prefecture of Gitarama. Clashes
continued between the two groups through the first week of March. The
rebels attacked two prisons one in Nyakabanda commune and another in
Bulinga commune. Eighty genocide suspects were freed from the latter
prison and 600 were freed from the former; many of these escaped
prisoners subsequently turned themselves in to local authorities. The
rebels also set fire to the bourgmestre's home in Bulinga. According
to a Rwandan army spokesman, 100 rebels and eight RPA soldiers were
killed in the clashes in Gitarama prefecture.
On February 25, a truck belonging to the Heineken-owned Bralirwa
brewery in Gisenyi was attacked and its driver was killed. A similar
attack occurred on February 26 in which another brewery driver was
killed. These attacks follow a January 19 incident in which rebels
set fire to a Bralirwa bus (carrying over 100 employees to work) and
subsequently shot those that tried to escape. According to a
field-based NGO, 74 individuals were killed during the January 19
attack and another 29 people were seriously injured. Five additional
workers died after seeking medical treatment.
Despite such incidents, Gisenyi town appears to be secure relative to
surrounding communes. Nonetheless, an underlying atmosphere of fear
and suspicion pervades the outward calm that seems to exist among the
townspeople. Disappearances (although not verifiable) are reported to
be common by Amnesty International and a field-based NGO.
Insecurity in Northwest Exacerbates Food Shortage
Food security in the northwest (Rwanda's breadbasket) and the
immediate surrounding areas is deteriorating for multiple reasons
largely as a result of continued insecurity. An NGO reports that
houses are attacked every day in the communes of Rubavu, Rwerere,
Kanama, Mutura, and Nyamumba by both infiltrators and the military
prompting people to flee their homes. The total displaced population
is unknown, but rough estimates indicate that there are as many as
10,000 IDP families in Gisenyi prefecture and that many more persons
are displaced from their homes (particularly in Rubavu, Kanama, Mutura
and Rwerere communes). As such, farmers are impeded from planting,
cultivating, tending to, and harvesting their fields. They are also
unable to travel safely to markets to buy fertilizer and to sell what
few crops they have harvested. Many crops are looted before farmers
are able to harvest them and banana trees are being cut down in a
public works scheme (coined umuganda) to eliminate the foliage along
the roadside where infiltrators have been known to hide.
Food Insecurity Generally Affects All of Rwanda
The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and the World Food
Program (WFP) recently released the results of a joint crop and food
supply assessment. The assessment indicates that the 1998A season
crop yield will be 14 percent higher than last year. Nonetheless, in
per capita terms, production will only reach 88 percent of 1990
levels. Although Rwanda is traditionally food deficit and a degree of
undernutrition is endemic, there do exist short-term emergency food
aid needs among certain geographically-identifiable populations.
Throughout all of Rwanda, production levels this agricultural season
have been negatively impacted by the following: 1) the lack of access
to agricultural inputs; 2) poor farming practices (particularly in
Gitarama, western Butare, and eastern Gikongoro); 3) unfavorable
weather (i.e., a long dry season followed by a heavy rainy season);
and 4) slow reintegration of recently resettled households
(particularly in Kibungo and Umutara).
With heavy and sometimes excessive rains continuing into February, the
Ministry of Agriculture, WFP, FAO, the Famine Early Warning System
(FEWS), and the European Union (EU) revised the previous deficit in
light of significant post harvest losses. The joint assessment
estimated that the 82,000 MTs (cereal equivalent) deficit for the
January to June period should be revised upward to 102,000 MTs.
Continued rains have not only negatively affected the 1998A season,
but also adversely affected the 1998B season (February to June) as
preparations are now greatly delayed in much of the country.
Because a food shortage exists in Rwanda, prices of staple crops are
high. These prices have stabilized following the harvest; however,
they are expected to again reach all-time-high levels as the next
hunger season (April to July) approaches. The food shortage is likely
to continue through calendar year 1998 and into 1999. Further
complicating food security in Rwanda is the lack of sufficient
commercial imports and emergency food assistance to meet the gross
deficit as both regional availabilities and WFP logistics have been
severely affected by continued rains that have impeded the logistical
routes through Tanzania and Kenya.
While emergency food assistance continues to be justifiable for
certain vulnerable populations, it is paramount that additional
transitional and developmental-type assistance programs commence
immediately to address the underlying causes of food insecurity for
the population at large. Activities that focus on improving market
structures and farming practices by providing simple staple food
storage units, providing funding for seed multiplication projects,
reintroducing small ruminants for manure and increased household
assets, and developing income generation and credit schemes are
needed.
Former U.N. Commander Testifies at ICTR
On February 25, Canadian Major General Romeo Dallaire, former
commander of the U.N. Assistance Mission in Rwanda (UNAMIR), testified
before the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) in the
trial of Jean-Paul Akayesu, at the request of the defense counsel.
Akayesu is a former mayor of Taba commune in Kigali Rurale, who is
charged with planning and participating in Rwanda's 1994 genocide.
During his testimony, Dallaire stated that the U.N. could have halted
the genocide if it had committed sufficient troops and provided him
with the authority to aggressively pursue those carrying out the
genocide. Dallaire and his troops arrived in Rwanda in 1993 to
enforce the Arusha Accord between the rebel Rwandan Patriotic Front
(RPF) and the government. Dallaire testified that once the peace
accord began to whither, he requested to no avail that the U.N. beef
up its contingency in Rwanda and expand its Chapter 6 mandate which
deemed UNAMIR a peacekeeping force and not a peacemaking force.
Dallaire was called as a defense witness in an effort by the defense
to shift the blame of the genocide onto the international community.
BURUNDI
Regional Summit Held on Burundi Peace Process
On February 21, regional heads of state met in Uganda to determine how
best to move along Burundi's peace process and to discuss lifting the
economic embargo imposed on Burundi in July 1996 after Pierre Buyoya
successfully carried out a coup d'etat. The summit was attended by
the presidents of Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, and Zambia; the prime
minister of Ethiopia; the foreign affairs ministers of Rwanda,
Zimbabwe, and the DROC; former Tanzanian president Julius Nyerere; and
Secretary-General Salim Ahmed Salim of the Organization for African
Unity. Buyoya also attended the summit after receiving a last-minute
invitation sent by Uganda's Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Representatives of Burundi's rebel group, the National Council for the
Defense of Democracy (CNDD), did not attend the meeting. CNDD
spokesman Jerome Ndiho announced on February 17 that the rebels were
suspending their participation in the peace process "until the
genocidal leadership of Bujumbura publicly desists from the massacre
of innocent civilians."
Despite Buyoya's pleas to the contrary, regional leaders did not lift
the economic sanctions. They see the embargo as their only means of
pressuring Buyoya to resolve the Burundian crisis. The Regional
Sanctions Coordinating Committee has agreed, however, to allow Kenya
Airways to begin flights from Nairobi to Bujumbura. The flights
resumed as of February 17. They provide a means for transporting
humanitarian supplies and relief workers into and out of the country.
On March 3, Buyoya traveled to Paris, where he briefed French
President Jacques Chirac and other government officials on the peace
process. Buyoya then traveled to Rome on March 8, where he also
briefed Italian officials and Pope John Paul II on the peace process.
Both governments and the Vatican have offered their support for the
elimination of the embargo on Burundi.
Malnutrition and Food Shortage in Burundi
The combined effects of four years of insecurity, lack of access to
fields and seeds, and an abundance of rain are negatively impacting
the agricultural yield in Burundi. Food demand has also increased in
Burundi as heavy rains throughout the region have hampered the
transport of WFP food rations and as entrepreneurs are unable to
supply food to the markets, thus driving prices upward. The
northwestern provinces, Bururi province, and Makamba province are
particularly food deficit, leading to high rates of malnutrition. On
February 27, Foreign Minister Luc Rukingama appealed to the
international community to provide 300,000 MTs of food aid to make up
for a shortfall this agricultural season. Relief organizations
believe the shortfall will actually be substantially less than this
amount.
In Bururi province, the nutritional level of some 20,000 displaced
persons in Buyengero was a known problem. However, a recent
assessment mission to Murago commune by Caritas reveals that there are
approximately 37,500 displaced persons in the area and that 1,700 of
these show some sign of malnutrition. Six hundred show signs of
severe malnutrition. WFP assessed the situation in Murago commune in
late February and confirms that urgent humanitarian assistance is
needed. Caritas plans to open six supplementary feeding centers and
one therapeutic feeding center in Murago commune. Two of the
supplementary feeding centers will be run by the Austrian Help
Programme. NGO activity in the past has been limited in Bururi
because of security concerns. Elsewhere in Bururi, Caritas reports
1,000 cases of malnutrition in Minago commune (300 of which are
considered to be severe). Many of the malnourished from Minago are
seeking treatment in Bujumbura.
In recent months, UNICEF has undertaken several initiatives to address
the growing problem of malnutrition. It has employed a full-time
nutritionist, improved the pipeline by which relief supplies reach the
region, undertaken an effort to standardize the supplementary and
therapeutic feeding protocols, and has created a standing committee to
look at long-term strategies for improving the nutritional status of
the general population.
UNDP Urges International Community to Step Up Aid to Burundi
Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme James
Gustave Speth visited Burundi February 24-25 and urged that the
international community step up aid to the country. Speth noted that
the humanitarian situation in Burundi was already severe, but had been
compounded by poverty, civil war, bad weather, and regional economic
sanctions. Speth committed the U.N. to doing everything it could to
help the country, but claimed that it alone cannot hope to make a
difference.
TANZANIA
Tripartite Commission Established to Facilitate the Voluntary Return
of Burundian Refugees
On February 14, following visits to Tanzania and Burundi, United
Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Sadako Ogata announced that
both countries have agreed to establish a tripartite mechanism in
cooperation with UNHCR to facilitate the voluntary return of Burundi
refugees from camps within Tanzania. Although insecurity in some
parts of Burundi limits repatriation and reintegration, UNHCR would
like to ensure that those refugees who want to return home can do so
as safely and quickly as possible. The first tripartite meeting took
place from March 11 to 13 in Mwanza, Tanzania to discuss procedures
for repatriation and security issues. The next tripartite meeting is
expected to take place in one months time. At the same time that
preparations are being made for repatriation, Burundian refugees
continue to arrive in Tanzania. One thousand entered into Tanzania
during the month of February.
UNHCR to Increase Support for the Policing of Burundian Refugee Camps
Mrs. Ogata stressed during her trip to the region the importance of
maintaining the civilian character of refugee camps. Burundian
refugee camps within Tanzania have refutably been claimed to house
rebel activity. To ensure that these camps remain non-militarized,
Mrs. Ogata pledged that UNHCR would train and equip a 500-strong
contingent of Tanzanian police to provide 24-hour security and
surveillance within the camps.
Repairs to Rain-damaged Infrastructure to Cost $117.3 Million
On February 7, Tanzanian President Benjamin Mkapa called together the
donor community to request assistance for the repair of infrastructure
damaged by five months of torrential rain. The Government of Tanzania
(GOT) estimates that repairs will cost $117.3 million. On March 4,
Charge d'Affairs John Lange declared a disaster in Tanzania because of
damage caused by the flooding. In response, BHR/OFDA provided $1
million to USAID/Tanzania for emergency road repairs in five priority
areas: Mbeya, Kagera, Iringa, Ruvuma, and Kilimanjaro. In addition,
the World Bank, European Union (EU), and aid agencies of several
countries (including the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Denmark, and
Norway) have pledged upwards of $35 million for emergency repairs of
Tanzania's road network. The contributions of the World Bank and the
EU alone are sufficient to cover the repairs on the major roads in the
central corridor, which humanitarian organizations rely upon for the
transport of relief supplies to refugee camps along the western
Tanzanian border and to neighboring countries within the Great Lakes
region. According to USAID/Tanzania, the GOT has diverted $700,000 of
its road fund (previously earmarked for maintenance) to emergency
repairs.
USG ASSISTANCE
Disaster Declarations Issued
Ambassador Robert E. Gribbin III redeclared a disaster in Rwanda on
October 2, Ambassador Morris N. Hughes, Jr. redeclared a disaster in
Burundi on October 9, and Ambassador Daniel H. Simpson redeclared a
disaster in the DROC on October 16. Their declarations allow
continued USAID humanitarian assistance in the region during FY 1998
to help alleviate ongoing suffering in the aftermath of civil strife.
On December 24, Ambassador Simpson declared a flood disaster when the
Congo river overflowed its banks, affecting Orientale and Equateur
provinces. And, on March 4, Charge d'Affairs John Lange declared a
disaster in Tanzania after flood waters extensively damaged the
national road network.
BHR/OFDA deployed a USAID/Disaster Assessment Response Team (DART) to
Kigali, Rwanda from October 26, 1996 to February 26, 1997, and an
assessment team to Zaire from February 12 to 26, 1997. A USAID/DART
was deployed to eastern DROC from March 14 to June 30, 1997. A
BHR/OFDA field officer worked in Goma from August 4 to December 3 to
follow the humanitarian situation in eastern DROC and to monitor
OFDA-funded grants.
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TOTAL FY 1998 USG HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE TO DATE IN THE GREAT LAKES
REGION
BHR/OFDA ASSISTANCE
Eastern DROC
Funds transferred to the U.S. Embassy for a CRS project to provide
potable water to Kisangani: $25,000
Funds transferred to the U.S. Embassy for an IFRC airlift of 20 MTs of
non-food items: $14,000
Grant amendment to MERLIN for vaccinations and emergency medical
support in Maniema province: $684,349
Grant amendment to FHI for seeds and tools and agricultural
rehabilitation in the Kivus: $1,294,480
Grant amendment to AICF/USA for repairs to water infrastructure in
Fizi Zone: $45,671
Grant to MSF/H to improve the health of populations affected by civil
war: $647,019
Grant to AICF/USA for seeds and tools in South Kivu: $281,023
Total for Eastern DROC: $2,991,542
Burundi
Grant amendment to WVRD for emergency medical services in Bujumbura
Rurale: $396,703
Grant amendment to ACF/F for the treatment of severely malnourished
patients in Maramvya (Bujumbura Rurale): $848,425
Grant amendment to IMC for purchase of medications to treat dysentery:
$20,000
Total for Burundi: $1,265,128
Rwanda
Funds transferred to the U.S. Embassy for response to emergency
situations: $25,000
Grant amendment to WVRD for an agriculture program: $858,411
Grant to FHI for agricultural assistance: $749,000
Total for Rwanda: $1,632,411
Tanzania
Funds transferred to USAID/Tanzania for emergency road repairs:
$1,000,000
Total for Tanzania: $1,000,000
Total for BHR/OFDA Assistance: $6,889,081
BHR/OTI (OFFICE OF TRANSITION INITIATIVES) ASSISTANCE
DROC
Political transition programs: $6,930,813
Total for DROC: $6,930,813
Rwanda
Political transition programs: $207,600
Total for Rwanda: $207,600
Total for BHR/OTI: $7,138,413
BHR/FFP (FOOD FOR PEACE) ASSISTANCE
Rwanda
Monetization program: $10,000,000
Institutional feeding program: $799,500
Vulnerable feeding program: $1,246,400
Total for Rwanda: $12,045,900
Tanzania
Drought relief program: $9,930,700
Total for Tanzania: $9,930,700
Total for BHR/FFP: $21,976,600
STATE/PRM (POPULATION, REFUGEES, AND MIGRATION) ASSISTANCE
Rwanda
Grant to UNHCR for Rwanda, earmarked for education: $1,500,000
Total for Rwanda: $1,500,000
Tanzania
Grant to IRC/Tanzania for assistance to Burundi and Congolese
refugees: $980,528
Total for Tanzania: $980,528
Total for State/PRM: $2,480,528
TOTAL: $38,484,622
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TOTAL FY 1997 USG HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE IN THE GREAT LAKES REGION
BHR/OFDA
Eastern DROC: $10,364,102
Rwanda: $24,928,821
Burundi: $10,839,633
Total: $46,132,556
BHR/OTI
Rwanda: $3,569,288
DROC: $186,378
Total: $3,755,666
BHR/FFP CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE GREAT LAKES REGION: $65,015,600
STATE/PRM CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE GREAT LAKES REGION: $62,887,700
TOTAL: $177,791,522
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