World Food Programme Emergency Report 2004
Issued Weekly by the United Nations World Food Programme
Report No. 52 of 23 December 2004


(A) Highlights
(B) Middle East, Central Asia and Eastern Europe: (1) Afghanistan,
     (2) Russian Federation
(C) East and Central Africa: (1) Burundi, (2) DR Congo,
     (3) Djibouti, (4) Eritrea, (5) Ethiopia, (6) Kenya, (7) Somalia,
     (8) Sudan, (9) Tanzania, (10) Uganda
(D) West Africa: (1) Chad, (2) Liberia, (3) Mauritania, (4) Sahel region
(E) Southern Africa: (1) Regional, (2) Lesotho, (3) Malawi, (4) Namibia,
     (5) Zambia, (6) Zimbabwe
(F) Asia: (1) Bangladesh, (2) DPR Korea, (3) Indonesia
(G) Latin America and the Caribbean: (1) Bolivia, (2) Colombia,
     (3) Guatemala, (4) Haiti, (5) Nicaragua, (6) Peru


>From David Kaatrud, Director of the Analysis, Assessment and Preparedness
Service (ODA).  Available on the Internet on the WFP Home Page
(www.wfp.org), or by e-mail from Carlo.Scaramella@wfp.org, Chief of the
Emergency Preparedness and Response Unit (ODAP).  For information on
resources, donors are requested to contact Valerie.Sequeira@wfp.org at WFP
Rome, telephone +39 06 6513 2009.  Media queries should be directed to
Brenda.Barton@wfp.org, telephone +39 06 6513 2602. The address of WFP is
Via Cesare Giulio Viola 68, Parco dei Medici, 00148 Rome, Italy.


A)  Highlights:

- Humanitarian activities in DRC are restricted due to the wave of
violence spreading in North Kivu province.

- WFP and FAO released the results of joint crop and food assessment
missions to Mali, Mauritania, Niger and Senegal.

- Because of access limitations, operations in DPR Korea's Chagang
Province will be suspended from through February 2005.  This impacts 7
counties, where WFP previously had access.

- UNHCR and WFP plan to verify reports of new arrivals of Sudanese
refugees in Chad's Tissi area, bordering the Central African Republic.

- In Somalia, accessibility and movement of humanitarian assistance have
been greatly hindered due to reoccurring insecurity, natural disasters and
poor infrastructure.



B)  Middle East, Central Asia and Eastern Europe: (1) Afghanistan, (2)
Russian Federation

1)  Afghanistan

(a)  The security situation remained relatively calm throughout most of
the country. However, UN missions were suspended to some districts in
Nangarhar in the east, and in Paktya in the southeast, due to continued
threats of improvised explosive devices, rockets, landmines and ambushes
targeting the Government, coalition forces and the humanitarian community.

(b)  From 16 to 22 December, some 662,315 beneficiaries received over
3,570 tons of food.

(c)  On 16 December, WFP and the Departments of Rural Rehabilitation and
Development (DRRD) of Kandahar, Uruzgan and Zabul provinces discussed,in
order to enhance collaboration in the assessment and monitoring of
projects in the region. DRRD and WFP are carrying out joint monitoring of
the projects to improve the implementation process. Cooperating partners
were asked to provide project proposals for the recovery component, in
line with the goal of the Protracted Relief and Recovery Operation (PRRO)
10233, Food Assistance to Afghanistan to Re-establish Livelihoods and
Household Food Security.

(d)  In Hirat, DRRD helped WFP in monitoring several food-for-work
projects in Farsi and Ghoryan districts. Some 450 tons of food were
distributed among over 3,700 workers who participated in the
rehabilitation of 29 springs in the area.


2)  Russian Federation

(a)  The security situation in the region remained unpredictable and
tense.

(b)  According to Danish Refugee Council (DRC), as of 13 December, in
Ingushetia there were about 37,410 Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)
from Chechnya; out of them 23,630 persons reside in private accommodation,
and about 13,780 in spontaneous settlements.

(c)  During the period of 1 to 15 December, WFP Cooperating Partners (CP)
commenced the 12th relief distribution cycle in Chechnya and Ingushetia.
Over 400 tons of food commodities were distributed to some 70,630 members
of food-insecure poor households in Chechnya, and 141 tons - to 13,140
IDPs registered in Ingushetia.

(d)  The delivery of 200 tons of food for school feeding in Chechnya for
December by CPs was finalized in November. In December, WFP's school
feeding programme supports about 78,955 pre- and primary school children
in 382 institutions in Chechnya, including some 3,850 children in 56
school institutions in Nozha-Yurt, where WFP expanded to in the beginning
of December.

(e)  The Food for Work (FFW) programme continues in the city of Grozny and
districts of Achkhoi-Martan, Gudermes, Shali and Kurchaloy by WFP CPs ?
People in Need (PIN), Center for Prevention of Humanitarian Catastrophes
(CPHC) and Open Continent. Some 150 FFW groups are involved in the
programme in December, with a total number of about 2,000 participants
(representing 10,000 beneficiaries).  The distribution of food rations for
the previous month is currently underway.

(f)  In December WFP started Food-for-Training (FFT) activities with the
International Medical Corps in Grozny and in Ingushetia. Within the
framework of this activity, 80 students from vulnerable families will
study at driving, sewing and hairdresser's courses.

(g)  Some 7 tons of WFP food commodities for the Tuberculosis (TB)
Programme are to be distributed to some 365 in- and out-patients in TB
hospitals of both republics in December. Distributions are carried out by
WHO, WFP partner in the TB programme in Ingushetia, and MSF?Holland in
Chechnya.

(h)  Caritas Internationalis continues to provide hot meals for the most
vulnerable population (1,600 beneficiaries) in Grozny city. In December
WFP released some 13 tons of food commodities to support this project.



C)  East and Central Africa: (1) Burundi, (2) DR Congo, (3) Djibouti, (4)
Eritrea, (5) Ethiopia, (6) Kenya, (7) Somalia, (8) Sudan, (9) Tanzania,
(10) Uganda

1)  Burundi

(a)  During the week, military confrontations in Bujumbura Rural, an
ambush on a civilian vehicle in Rumonge (Bururi province) and increased
armed banditry in Bujumbura town were reported.

(b)  Following acute food insecurity in Kirundo province and reported
vulnerability of the poorest populations, WFP met with different partners,
including local organizations, in the province based in Bujumbura, to
discuss methods of improving targeting. They agreed to involve local
parishes, religious communities and grassroots social institutions in the
process. Henceforth, a new strategy involving all these parties to back up
the local administration authorities and distribution committees in the
targeting and lists verification was established.  WFP will facilitate
their movements in the field.

(c)  Between 13 and 19 December, WFP distributed some 1,650 tons of food
aid to over 220,700 beneficiaries through different programme activities.

(d)  Last week, WFP publicly validated beneficiary lists in three communes
of Ngozi province.  The same activity was carried out by WFP's partner
CARE in Gihanga commune of Bubanza province.  WFP monitors also monitored
all targeted distributions and reported that rain hindered some
distributions in Cankuzo and Bururi provinces.  At some distribution sites
in Cibitoke province, beneficiaries requested the updates to include other
vulnerable persons, who were not previously targeted. Monitors also
visited local markets in Kirundo, Kayanza and Muyinga provinces to view
food availability and accessibility.  They reported that food commodities
were in short supply and expensive.

(e)  Some 1,115 returnees from Tanzania, arriving through transit points
in Muyinga, Ruyigi and Makamba provinces, benefited from returnee
packages. WFP provided the returnees with a three-month return package,
totaling close to 60 tons of food aid. Some 132 returnees who were not
transferred to their communes benefited from wet rations at Nyabitare
transit centre.


2)  D.R. Congo

(a)  A wave of violence has been spreading in North Kivu province. Various
humanitarian sources confirmed the renewal of fierce fighting between
regular government troops and soldiers from the RCD-Goma movement.
Affected areas are Kanyabaonga, Nyabondo and Walikale. Several villages
are reported to be completely abandoned. Local population are reported to
have taken refuge in the nearest forests or in the safer areas in South
Kivu.

(b)  A joint MONUC, OCHA and WFP team fielded a humanitarian assessment
mission to Kanyabayonga on 21 December. The mission will return on 24
December. Meanwhile, in the South Kivu province, humanitarian sources
reported that the health situation of hundreds of people has been
deteriorating in Minova. Located at 40 km south of Goma, Minova has been
sheltering over 6,000 internally displaced persons (IDPs) who fled from
Goma to safer areas in South Kivu. The humanitarian community has
expressed concern over the increasing cases of cholera among hosting
families in Minova.

(c)  In South Kivu province, WFP provided over 730 tons to some 71,000
people. Most of the food was targeted to WFP supported school feeding
programmes and safety net programmes in reinforcement to therapeutic and
supplementary feeding activities. Due to the prevailing insecurity
situation in North Kivu province, humanitarian activities were restricted.
WFP released 156 tons of food commodities to feed approximately 7,200
beneficiaries in Goma and surrounding areas. In the Equateur, where WFP
fosters the resettlement of returnees and agricultural production, 16 tons
of food were provided to some 2,400 beneficiaries.

(d)  In Ituri district, WFP delivered 171 tons of food for some 9,500
people, mainly malnourished children and their families. However, WFP's
cooperating partner, German Agro Action (GAA) reported a suspension of
food distributions to over 99,600 resettled IDPs, due to the resumed
insecurity on the Bunia-Djugu axis.

(e)  WFP's two year operation (2004-2005) has been resourced at 30
percent. Out of the total USD 157 million required initially, only USD
47.5 million has been resourced.


3)  Djibouti

(a)  After solving bureaucracy bottlenecks from the Government, WFP is now
starting food distributions to assist drought victims in the districts of
the northeast pastoral zone and the southeast border, namely: Tadjoura,
Obock, Dikhil and Ali Sabieh.

(b)  Presently, a three-month ration totaling 500 tons is being
distributed to 2,270 families (11,350 people). Food distributions in Arta
district were postponed until 27 December, due to the official visit of
the President of Djibouti.


4)  Eritrea

(a)  UNICEF reported the level of malnutrition among children in Eritrea,
currently standing at 16 percent, as being the highest in Africa. Some two
million children under the age of 14 representing the country's population
of four million, according to government statistics, are affected.

(b)  The fourth convoy of 55 Eritrean returnees arrived in Tessenai on 13
December, increasing the total number of returnees, who returned to
Eritrea in four conveys, to 177 individuals.

(c)  The resourcing situation for EMOP 10261.01, Emergency Food Assistance
to Victims of Crop Failure and Drought in Eritrea, remained unchanged. The
commitment coverage stands about 80 percent of the total resource
requirements. The PRRO commitment coverage increased, so that currently
slightly more than 50 percent of the food requirements are covered.


5)  Ethiopia

(a)  The 2005 Humanitarian Appeal for Ethiopia was launched by the head of
the Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Commission (DPPC) on 23 December.
The Appeal is the result of joint efforts by the Government of Ethiopia,
UN agencies, (including WFP), international and national NGOs and donors
and is based on comprehensive countrywide assessments of food,
agriculture, health and nutrition, and water and sanitation conditions.

(b)  For the first time, there is a difference in approach in addressing
the needs of chronically food-insecure people and acutely food-insecure
people. The Humanitarian Appeal requests support for 2.2 million acutely
food-insecure people who will need emergency food assistance in Ethiopia
in 2005. This is in addition to the Productive Safety Net Programme
(PSNP), which commences in January and is expected to eventually reach 5
million chronically food-insecure people in 2005, with cash and food
transfers. However, Safety Net transfers for the pastoralist populations
in Afar and Somali Regions are scheduled to start later in 2005 and the
people assessed to be in need of assistance in these two regions will be
covered through emergency food for the first half of 2005. Thus in
addition to 765,000 people in Afar and Somali Regions who are part of the
2.2 million total number needing emergency food in 2005, the food
requirements of a further 933,100 people in the two regions for the period
January-June 2005 are covered by this Appeal. Conditions for these
populations, especially northern zones of Afar Region and parts of eastern
Somali Region, are of special concern, as rains were not sufficient to
regenerate the pasture and water supplies on which these
livestock-dependent communities depend.

(c)  The total emergency food requirements under the Appeal are 476,000
tons (387,000 tons for general ration distributions and 89,000 tons for
targeted supplementary feeding) valued at around USD 212 million (USD 159
million for general rations and USD 53 million for targeted supplementary
feeding). Total requirements under the Appeal, including health,
nutrition, water, sanitation and agriculture as well as food aid needs,
are USD 272 million.

(d)  Due to good harvests in the west and central parts of the country,
the availability of cereals for local purchase in 2005 is expected to be
substantial and will be assessed by the forthcoming "Cereal Availability
Study".

(e)  The 2005 Humanitarian Appeal has been developed as the Government of
Ethiopia embarks on the PSNP, shifting from a system dominated by
emergency humanitarian aid to longer-term food security initiatives. While
the total number of people targeted for assistance has not drastically
changed from that of last year, the number of people that now fall under
the Humanitarian Appeal is significantly reduced. Emergency food needs are
currently defined as the needs or people affected by acute, unpredictable
disasters, which are mainly drought induced.

(f)  The main features of the PSNP are multi-annual funding, transition
towards cash-based programming, scaled-up public/community works, linkages
with broader food-security programmes and harmonized budgeting, monitoring
and evaluation. "Direct transfers", as food or cash transfers, will be
provided to those households that are unable to participate in
community-based activities.

(g)  WFP contributes to both the emergency food needs and the safety net
programme under the new WFP PRRO 10362.0, Enabling Livelihood Protection
and Promotion, for 2005-07.


6)  Kenya

(a)  Short rains in Kenya have been well distributed in the eastern
marginal agricultural areas and most of the pastoral north of the country.
Most marginal agricultural areas report favorable crop growing conditions,
and pasture and browse are also available in the northern and northeastern
districts. Still, however, populations in pastoral districts, especially
those who lost livestock assets during the drought, are expected to
require additional food aid resources through part of 2005. In particular,
areas of southern Kajiado and parts of Mandera have received little
rainfall. Kajiado has been unseasonably dry, and pastoralists are moving
their livestock north towards Nairobi in search of water and pasture. The
situation is not expected to improve until the long-rains in April 2005.

(b)  During the past week, WFP continued to distribute food to over 2
million people in all the 26 drought-affected districts.

(c)  In order to assess the efficiency of the food-aid targeting, the
impact of food-aid thus far, as well as the current food security status,
WFP Kenya is currently conducting a Post Distribution Monitoring (PDM)
exercise in three districts - Malindi, Makueni and Kajiado. The joint
WFP-partner survey teams are interviewing a random sampling of households,
using a standard questionnaire developed by WFP. Data collected will help
in assessing the impact of the drought emergency operation.  It will also
contribute towards the analysis of the short-rains assessment scheduled
for January.


7)  Somalia

(a)  Heavy fighting resumed in Gelinsor between various sub-clans,
spreading southwards to Galgaduud and Dusamereb districts in central
Somalia, with further reinforcement of battlewagons from Mogadishu. Some
27 people have died, and there is an unknown number of displacements.
Fresh fighting with an unknown number of casualties has also erupted in
Mogadishu, due to attempts made by some prominent Mogadishu leaders to
re-open the port with the arrival of the first vessel in nine years. As
the humanitarian access is shrinking due to the insecurity, thousand of
Somalia families remained without assistance.

(b)  In the south, poor road conditions and insecurity continue to be the
major obstacles, resulting in intermittent accessibility or no
accessibility at all, in some areas. Meanwhile floods and the
after-effects of the recent cyclone and mudslides have slowed down
accessibility and movement of humanitarian assistance to the remote
locations such as La Qoray and other settlements in East Sanag region in
the north.

(c)  Various humanitarian crisis indicators in Somalia still remain
critical, with malnutrition rates ranging from 19 to 37 percent in Juba
valley in the south and in Sool and Sanag regions in the north, while
access to health services, sanitation, and drinking water is extremely
low. This situation is further exacerbated by four years of consecutive
drought that were recently followed by heavy but localized 'deyr' rains
that resulted in massive livestock losses among the pastoralists in the
north and localized floods in the high potential crop growing regions
between the two main rivers of Juba and Shabelle.

(d)  Large areas of Juba Valley in south Somalia still remain inaccessible
due to the after-effects of mudslides. Most affected districts such as
Jammame, Buale and Marreray, where most of the farms were flooded, remain
inaccessible. The present crisis in Juba Valley remains a cause of concern
and is being closely monitored. WFP has pre-positioned some 825 tons of
food for general relief distribution in the port city of Kismayu, while
transport to the lower Juba Valley is delayed due to flooding and
insecurity.

(e)  WFP Somalia has so far distributed about 205 tons of assorted food
commodities, reaching 21,500 beneficiaries, targeting recent flood victims
and pastoralists affected by the prolonged drought of the past four years.


8)  Sudan

Darfur:

(a)  Save the Children (SC)-UK announced on 21 December that they were
withdrawing humanitarian operations in Darfur due to the deaths of four
staff members in two separate incidents over the past two months as well
as additional security incidents. WFP is in the process of identifying new
partners to assist beneficiaries originally covered by Cooperating Partner
(CP) SC-UK in North and South Darfur.

(b)  The African Union's (AU) Chief Ceasefire Monitor reported that the
Government of Sudan (GoS) is preparing a 'huge offensive' in Darfur. A
serious escalation of violence is expected with the build up of troops,
arms and ammunition in certain areas. Major roads to and from Nyala, South
Darfur remain NO GO for the UN due to high levels of insecurity. Some
210,000 people are estimated to be cut off from assistance. Security
incidents along roads to El Fasher, North Darfur and El Geneina, West
Darfur have also been reported, hampering WFP food deliveries in these
states.

(c)  An AU helicopter was shot at on 20 December on its way to Labado. No
injuries were reported though gunshot holes were seen on the body of the
helicopter. It was not clear who fired at the helicopter. The AU team was
on its way to investigate whether fighting was ongoing in Labado following
an agreement by the GoS and Sudan's Liberation Army (SLA) to end
hostilities in the area on 18 December.

(d)  A new rebel group, the National Movement for the Eradication of
Marginalisation, claimed responsibility for attacks on an oil field in
South Darfur.

(e)  The National Movement for Reform and Development (NMRD) signed an
eight-point peace pact with the GoS on 17 December during talks in Abuja,
Nigeria. The agreement calls for a cessation of hostilities, the freeing
of political prisoners and prisoners of war, the voluntary return of
displaced persons, disarmament of militias and help for NMRD rebels in
returning to civilian life.

(f)  On his visit to West Darfur, the Humanitarian Coordinator informed
agencies and NGOs that humanitarian assistance to the state had improved
over the months. The prevailing insecurity, however, remains a deterrent
to voluntary IDP return. During the meeting, the Governor of West Darfur
said that stable security in a number of villages allows for voluntary
return. He said that he is working on a '75-village plan' that is
currently undergoing translation from Arabic to English for the
humanitarian community. The Humanitarian Coordinator also emphasized the
growing need to assist victims of drought. WFP is already in discussions
with CPs to assist residents and IDP's affected by drought.

(g)  As of 20 December, approximately 19,300 tons of food have been
dispatched by road, rail and air from hubs in Khartoum and El Obeid to the
Darfur state capitals. On the other hand, some 16,490 tons of food were
dispatched to an estimated 942,190 beneficiaries (based of dispatches)
from AOs (Area Offices) in the three state capitals to CPs.

(h)  The number of children enrolled in therapeutic and supplementary
feeding centres run by Medecins Sans Frontieres Holland (MSF-H) has
declined over the past three months. Therapeutic feeding centres in
Deliej, Bendisi, Mukjar and Um Kheir have less than 20 children each on
average, as compared to over 35 each in September. Medecins Sans
Frontieres France (MSF-F) reports a similar trend in Zalingie camp and
attributes improvements in the nutritional status of the affected
population to improved food access through general food distributions and
improved water and sanitation conditions.

(i)  The loss of productive assets, poor levels of cultivation,
expectations of a poor harvest and high food crop prices will seriously
affect the livelihoods of IDPs and a portion of the resident population in
the Darfurs in 2005. The emergency operation therefore urgently needs
resources to meet the needs of the affected population. In particular, the
cereals pipeline is in need of additional resources to immediately repay
outstanding loans and to avoid a break in February 2005. Confirmed
contributions received to date against the current EMOP amount to USD
181,201,841, 89 percent of the total requirement (the project ends on 31
Dec 2004. The majority of Special Operations (SOs) are fairly well-funded
(92 percent resourced). However, SO 10364.0 (inter-agency security
telecommunications network) is now on hold until more funds are secured.


Southern Sudan:

(j)  A comprehensive peace agreement between the Sudanese Government and
the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A) to end two decades of
conflict in the south could be signed within days, according to officials
involved in peace talks in Kenya this week.

(k)  The security situation amongst the new and settled IDPs at Jebel
Kujur remains calm.  However, an attack by the Lord's Resistance Army
(LRA) in the surrounding area of Rejaf East during the week led to
causalities and displacement.  Those displaced persons from Rejaf East
will be requested by the Government to return to their areas of origin
after registration.

(l)  In the Red Sea State, vulnerable rural communities in Port Sudan are
reducing their daily food intake as a coping mechanism in view of price
increases of sorghum. Prices have increased by 53 percent compared to the
same time this year. Slight price increases in cereals were observed in
White Nile State.

(m)  In the Nuba Mountains, harvest of long maturing sorghum crop
continues. Although the food security situation outlook is strong for the
current quarter due to the harvest, pockets of food insecurity have been
reported in parts of the state. This is due to inequitable access to
productive land as well as recent returnees who were not able to
cultivate.

(n)  The next phase of EMOP 10048.03, Food Assistance to Population
Affected by War and Drought, is undergoing the approval process this week.
The new phase of the EMOP is broken down by geographical clusters: South,
East (Kassala and Red Sea state) and the Transitional Zones (Abyei, Nuba
Mountains and Blue Nile). The beneficiary categories are vulnerable
residents, internally displaced (IDPs) and Refugee and IDP returnees.
Upon finalisation of the EMOP, WFP plans to assist an estimated 3.2
million people (from January-December 2005) with a gross requirement of
some 267,900 tons of assorted food commodities, at a total cost of USD
307,806,424.

(o)  As of 15 December, WFP has dispatched almost 3,000 tons of
commodities for the Operation Lifeline Sudan (OLS) in the Northern Sector.
Quantities dispatched include commodities airdropped to the Southern
Sector locations as well. WFP has started weekly flights to Bentiu using
the Rubkona airstrip.

(p)  Sudan's EMOP 10048.02 requires a total of 345,325 tons of food
equivalent to USD 367,973,225. Confirmed contributions received to date
against this EMOP amount to USD 239,392,795 with a remaining shortfall of
about 34.9 percent of the total operational requirements. In terms of
tonnage, a total of 258,815 tons is confirmed, representing a shortfall of
approximately 25 percent of the total requirement.


9)  Tanzania

(a)  Upon instructions from the Area Security Management Team, UN staff
and implementing partners only travel between Kasulu and Kibondo in
two-car convoys or with police escorts.

(b)  The DRC Truth and Reconciliation Commission visited Nyarugusu refugee
camp in western Tanzania, where it called on refugees to return to DRC,
and assured them of DRC Government support. The Governor of the eastern
DRC province of Katanga also visited the camp and made similar appeals to
the refugees. The refugees are, however, concerned about insecurity,
landmines, unemployment and other issues in their home country and
expressed reluctance to return without the support of a facilitated
repatriation programme.


10)  Uganda

(a)  The ceasefire declared by the Government of Uganda (GoU) in
mid-November remains in place and has been extended to 31 December 2004,
although the designated safe zone for the Lord's Resistance Army has been
reduced to 100 sq km. The GoU has announced that the ceasefire zone has
been extended to southern Sudan to allow rebel leader Joseph Kony to meet
with his deputy. It is anticipated that a former Minister for northern
Uganda, who is mediating between the GoU and the Lord's Resistance Army
(LRA), may meet the LRA leader soon.

(b)  During the week, the security situation in the Acholi and Lango
sub-regions (Gulu, Kitgum, Pader and Lira districts) remained
unpredictable, with frequent clashes between the Uganda People's Defence
Force (UPDF) and the LRA, who continue to attack civilians and loot
property outside of the ceasefire area.

(c)  WFP food distributions continue to reach some 1.4 million displaced
persons, 154,000 refugees and other vulnerable persons. During the period
from 11 to 18 December, close to 4,730 tons of WFP relief food assistance
were distributed to over 345,300 persons, including internally displaced
persons (IDPs) sheltering in camps in Gulu, Kitgum, Pader and Lira
districts in the northern Acholi sub-region; refugees, school children and
other vulnerable persons.



D)  West Africa Region: (1)Chad, (2) Liberia, (3) Mauritania, (4) Sahel
region

1)  Chad

(a)  The security situation is affecting humanitarian operations in Chad.
Growing Chadian military movement was reported along the border near Tine,
where WFP convoys from Libya pass through. In Amnabak, a worker of CARE
was reportedly wounded by a bullet shot by members of the Brigade in
Guereda. Premiere Urgence reported that an unknown group attacked their
truck at Badine, (some 55 km from Abeche), injuring one person. Some
tension exists in the light of upcoming elections. This may have an effect
on WFP's operations in the area.

(b)  UNHCR reports as of 13 December estimate a presence of a total of
some 202,255 refugees in camps. Another 2,800 refugees are to be relocated
from border sites. There are unconfirmed reports of refugees returning to
the Sudan following meetings between Sudanese leaders and refugees, urging
them to return. The leaders reportedly informed the refugees that there is
reduction of assistance and therefore they must go back home. Refugee
arrivals were reported in the region of Tissi bordering the Central
African Republic. UNHCR is planning to conduct a verification assessment
together with WFP.

(c)  UNHCR and local authorities are currently discussing plans to
relocate Sudanese refugees from Oure Cassoni and Amnabak to new sites in
the Biltine area (some 90 km north of Abeche). Environment protection and
cooking fuel remain the most contentious issues among refugees and the
local population. The authorities reportedly said that wood collection
must be completely ruled out and that UNHCR must find an alternative
solution before agreeing to building new sites in the Biltine area.
Support to the local population is stated a precondition for the project.
Furthermore, camp managers are urging UNHCR to intervene in order to
support the increasing number of Chadian spontaneous arrivals camping
around the camps.

(d)  A nutritional survey from Action Contre la Faim (ACF), with WFP
participation, is currently underway in Treguine camp and it's
neighbouring local communities. Preliminary reports indicate that
nutritional levels, though not alarming, raise some concerns. Results will
be released shortly. MSF Holland also plans to conduct a nutritional
survey in and around Bredging refugee camp in the coming weeks.

(e)  WFP has completed the first 15-day distribution cycle for December,
providing 1,473 tons to some 197,430 beneficiaries. The second cycle on 22
December targeted over 202,255 beneficiaries with about 1,655 tons,
subject to the arrival of the convoy from the Libyan corridor. Convoys
from Libya are facing delays due to customs problems at the border as well
as continuous requests for paying fees from various authorities. WFP is
following up on the performance of this corridor.

(f)  The Blanket Supplementary Feeding programme, undertaken by World
Vision International, is ongoing in Touloum, Amnabak and Farchana camps.
In the other camps, distributions will start when oil becomes available.

(g)  Total in-country stocks are sufficient to meet the refugees'
requirements till mid January 2005 with a full ration of 2,100 kcal per
person. Additional commodities are expected to arrive early 2005, allowing
a quite healthy pipeline until June 2005. However, assistance to local
populations will be kept at minimum to avert a break in the pipeline for
refugee feeding.


2)  Liberia

(a)  The major security concerns during the period were centered on the
large-scale students' demonstrations over school closures and on the
payment of second allowances to the disarmed ex-combatants. The payment of

these allowances by UN MIssion in Liberia (UNMIL) to ex-combatants
proceeded relatively smoothly into the official end payment date of 18
December, despite of some minor and isolated incidents. Nevertheless, with
over 3000 ex-combatants still yet to be paid, possibilities of unrest
created by dissatisfied ex-combatants in the coming week still exist.
Furthermore, the increasing prices of rice, especially during the
Christmas season, is expected to contribute to some criminal activities in
the country, since the price of rice will affect large numbers of the
general Liberian population.

(b)  A meeting among UNMIL's Humanitarian Coordinator, UNHCR and WFP, the
main stakeholders in the IDP Repatriation and Resettlement exercise was
prompted from the dissatisfaction expressed by different organizations
regarding the slow pace of the exercise. It was originally planned that
some 100,000 IDPs would be resettled by end of the year, but as of 19
December the number was only 6,533 IDPs resettled. The main constraints to
the resettlement exercise have been the lack of transportation for IDP
convoys, lack of resources and the ongoing rainy season. As a way forward,
the meeting appointed LRRRC, the government body in charge of Refugees,
Repatriation and Resettlement to take lead of the exercise supported by
some NGOs.

(c)  The national task force that was constituted to implement the
government policy against sale of relief items in Liberia started holding
sensitization visits to various security agencies in different Counties.
During the week, WFP together with the task members comprising of Ministry
of Commerce, Ministry of Justice and LRRRC visited security agencies in
Margibi, Bong, Nimba and Grand Bassa Counties.  The security agencies were
requested to arrest and prosecute those who will be caught trading in
donated items including WFP food commodities. Copies of the Government
statement will be widely circulated to IDP camps, schools, markets and
other public places.

(d)  The total of WFP provided food distributions during the past week
amounted to 1,805 tons of food. The distributions benefited IDP's,
facilitated returnees (IDP's and refugees), school children. In addition
WFP provided wet feeding to Children Associated with Fighting Forces
(CAFF) in the Interim Care Centers (ICC) under the ongoing demobilization
process. The HIV/AIDS orphanage feeding program in and around Monrovia is
also ongoing.

(e)  WFP participated in the UN HIV/AIDS theme Group workshop on the
development of a national Voluntary Counseling and Testing guidelines. The
formulation of the guidelines is important in monitoring, controlling and
evaluating the Voluntary Counseling and Testing component in the
prevention, care and support of HIV/AIDS in Liberia

(f)  WFP requires additional pledges and resources estimated at USD 15.8
Million to avert a shortfall of some 20,835 tons of various commodities
through May 2005.


3)  Mauritania

(a)  According to the latest WFP/CILSS/FAO joint crop assessment, locusts
have caused crop losses of up to 44 percent in the country, with some
regions suffering higher losses (see also below, under 'Sahel region').
The last distribution of EMOP 10249 commodities is underway to reach
110,000 people affected by the locust infestation and drought.

(b)  WFP and the Government have signed a Letter of Understanding for the
PRRO 10359.0, that will assist the country's drought affected people. The
400,000 beneficiaries of the PRRO will gain from both asset creation
activities and access to village food security stocks. WFP has decided to
use USD 2.7 million dollars from its immediate response account (IRA) to
purchase 5,000 tons of commodities to kick start the PRRO.

(c)  Country Program distributions to schools started on 20 December. Some
2740 tons of food have to be distributed to 1300 delivery points

(d)  WFP held a four day work shop from 13 to 16 December, for the
Enhanced Commitment to Women-Gender Policy Training and Learning
Initiative. Participants of the workshop included Government and NGO
partners, as well as WFP staff.

(e)  Mauritania's PRRO faces a pipeline break in March 2005 as existing
donations only cover 25 percent of needs.


4)  Sahel region - locusts

(a)  In the wake of recent threats from desert locusts, WFP and FAO
released the results of joint crop and food assessment missions to Mali,
Mauritania, Niger and Senegal.

(b)  In Mali, in the zones infested by desert locusts (some 78 communes),
the millet and cowpea crops have been practically destroyed. Whereas on
the national level, the risk of a cereal shortage is very low, the price
of cereals will clearly rise in these areas and the local populations will
have few resources to pay for them. Their food situation will therefore be
precarious. Some form of assistance should be planned urgently to address
a food crisis in these regions.

(c)  In Mauritania, devastating infestations of desert locusts caused an
almost complete destruction of millet and legumes (cowpeas and groundnut).
Insufficient rainfall for good crop and pasture development caused further
crop losses, and the 2004/2005 uncovered cereal deficit is estimated at
some 64 300 tons. The price of food is rising throughout the country and
it is very likely that it will continue to rise in the months to come. The
risk of the country suffering a food crisis as in 2002/03 is currently
very high.

(d)  In Niger, locusts and insufficient rainfall caused a large fall in
levels of crop yields for millet and sorghum in several regions. The
provisional cereal deficit for 2004/05 having taken into account foreseen
commercial imports, is estimated at about nine percent of national needs

(e)  Lack of rainfall, the invasions of locust and other pests were the
main natural factors that have most influenced production (to different
degrees and with regional and departmental variations) in Senegal. Of
Senegal's 11 regions, seven have been affected to varying degrees by the
locust invasion, which caused widespread damage to crops and pastures, but
spared irrigated crops in the valley of the River Senegal and large cereal
production areas.

(f)  The production of groundnut, maize and cassava expended remarkably,
and the provisional net cereal deficit for 2004/2005 could be made good by
commercial imports and aid. However, the mission observed that the
anticipated shortage of millet on some markets has been pushing up millet
prices since September 2004. It is feared that the food situation of
vulnerable households will be further endangered if this trend continues.

(g)  The complete reports on the four countries are posted on WFP's
website: http://www.wfp.org/operations/emergency_needs/assessment.asp



E)  Southern Africa: (1) Regional, (2) Lesotho, (3) Malawi, (4) Namibia,
(5) Zambia, (6) Zimbabwe

1)  Regional

(a)  WFP continues to approach donors to secure additional contributions
for the Protracted Relief and Recovery Operation PRRO 10310, Assistance to
Populations in Southern Africa Vulnerable to Food Insecurity and the
Impact of AIDS, to ensure adequate food stocks in Lesotho, Malawi,
Mozambique, Swaziland and Zambia for distribution during the 'hunger
season' from January to March 2005.

(b)  The regional PRRO has only received USD 10.7 million against the
USD171 million required for its first year operations.


2)  Lesotho

(a)  From 15 to 21 December, WFP and its partners distributed 1,500 tons
of food to 127,000 vulnerable people, including households affected by
HIV/AIDS. WFP plans to assist 510,000 drought affected people between
January and April 2005.


3)  Malawi

(a)  Malawi is entering the peak hunger season, which normally occurs
between January and March. The number of households that have exhausted
their food stocks is significantly higher compared to the same time last
season.  The most seriously food insecure households are in southern areas
where poor rainfall last season resulted in failed harvests. Most
households are relying on purchases from the local markets where prices
continue to increase.

(b)  According to the FEWS-Net, Machinga and Phalombe Districts, in the
Lake Chilwa and Phalombe Plain of southern Malawi, face the highest
household food deficits, ranging from 35 to 60 percent of annual food
requirements.


4)  Namibia

(a)  Preliminary results of the Ministry of Health and Social Services'
HIV/AIDS Sentinel Sero Surveillance indicate a slight decrease in HIV
infection in Namibia from 22 percent in 2002 to 20 percent this year.
However, the HIV prevalence rate in the Caprivi region remains at an
alarming 43 percent, the highest in southern Africa.

(b)  The other three regions under the WFP emergency operation EMOP
10334.0, Targeted Food Assistance to Orphans and Vulnerable Children
Affected by Food Insecurity and the Impact of HIV/AIDS, reported a small
decline in prevalence -- Oshikoto (from 25 to 16 percent), Ohangwena (from
24 to 22 percent), and Okavango (from 22 to 21 percent). Despite the
reduction in HIV prevalence rates in women, there is a continuing increase
in the number cases of sick and dying adults, and bereaved orphans, in
need of WFP assistance.


5)  Zambia

(a)  The UN High Commissioner for Refugees last week appealed for donor
contributions to assist refugees in Zambia.  The agency red-flagged the
deteriorating situation, which they said is likely to impact on the health
of the refugees.

(b)  WFP's PRRO 10071.1, Food Assistance for Refugees from Angola and
Democratic Republic of Congo, urgently requires USD 5.4 million to provide
8,000 tons of food to about 86,000 refugees resident in the six refugee
camps through June 2005. Due to pipeline constraints, the rations for
pulses and cereals were cut by half in October and November respectively,
and these reductions have had to be maintained in December.


6)  Zimbabwe

(a)  Many rural households have run out of food stocks and, like most
urban households, have become dependent on the market to cover their food
requirements. Increased poverty in both rural and urban areas, manifested
by low income levels and limited income generating opportunities,
continues to constrain the majority of urban and rural households from
purchasing sufficient staple cereals. WFP monitoring has recorded an
increase in the urban market price of maize in the case of Masvingo of up
to 250 percent, since the mid year post harvest low point. Cereals are not
readily available in all markets in the grain deficit areas.



F)  Asia: (1) Bangladesh, (2) DPR Korea, (3) Indonesia

1)  Bangladesh

(a)  Harvesting of Aman rice crop continues and basic food prices remain
high throughout the country.

(b)  This week, a seminar was organised in the northern part of the
country, where the Monga phenomenon is most prevalent. The Monga
phenomenon in Bangladesh refers to the period in October and November when
food stocks run out and job opportunities dry up, just before the main
rice harvest in December. The seminar explored counter measures to Monga
and focused on potential interventions including: 1) short term
interventions such as rehabilitation of rural infrastructure and provision
of micro credit/income generating schemes, and 2) long term interventions,
including efforts to change prevailing cultivation patterns, the promotion
of value-added crops and vegetables, and the encouragement of alternative
employment opportunities, through the establishment of manufacturing
industries in rural settings.

(c)  Distribution of blended food, under the Supplementary Feeding
Programme of WFP's Emergency Operation (EMOP) 10380, Assistance to Flood
Affected People in Bangladesh, is ongoing. Also, since September, WFP has
been distributing High Energy Biscuits (HEB) to over 600,000 primary
school students in flood-affected areas. The projected utilization of HEBs
for the month of December 2004 is some 870 tons.

(d)  Nearly 4 months after the start of the EMOP, resourcing levels of the
operation remain largely inadequate, representing only 36.2 percent of the
total needs.


2)  DPR Korea

(a)  Owing to the delayed shipment of dry skimmed milk (DSM), 4 blended
food factories, including Pyongyang, Hamhung and Chongjin factories, have
halted production. DSM is scheduled to arrive in January.  As a result,
almost 1.3 million young mothers and children in the nurseries and baby
homes will not receive their daily ration of high quality food in January.
Unless new contributions are pledged soon, DSM will run out in all 14
biscuits and blended food factories in March 2005.

(b)  This month WFP is again able to feed all 6.5 million targeted
beneficiaries with planned rations. Substantive new pledges will allow WFP
to continue this support through May 2005, with the exception of oil that
will run out as early as January for some beneficiary groups. Shipment of
rice has been delayed till end-December, thus creating a gap in cereals
distribution to all west coast beneficiaries for 7-10 days.  Because of
access limitations, operations in Chagang Province will be suspended from
December 2004 through February 2005, impacts 7 counties where WFP is
operating.


3)  Indonesia

(a)  The security situation in some parts of the country remained
volatile. On 13 November, in Poso, a bomb exploded in a public transport
vehicle, killing at least six people. The state of civil emergency in Aceh
has been extended by six months.

(b)  The Government of Indonesia's ban on rice imports is still in force.
WFP has received exemptions from the Ministry of Industry and Trade for
all of its shipments, constituting 19,675 tons.  The Government has
designated the Coordinating Ministry of People's Welfare as WFP's
counterpart for the PRRO 10069.1, Assistance to Recovery and Nutritional
Rehabilitation.

(c)  In November, approximately 1.13 million beneficiaries, under the
various PRRO and pilot activities, received WFP food assistance amounting
to over 3,350 tons.

(d)  Under emergency response activities, over 570 tons of food were
provided to over 41,445 beneficiaries in Central Sulawesi, who
participated in Food for Work (FFW), Food for Training and Food for Peace
activities in the area. Food distributions to people in East Java, who
participated in FFW projects by NGOs in Sampang, were undertaken almost
two months behind schedule, after NGOs had been requested to re-verify the
actual achievement. A quantity of over 151 tons of rice was distributed to
15,125 beneficiaries. CARE has started implementation of WFP projects in
West Timor. The first food distribution took place in November, only to
cover the nutritional programme. Some 23 tons of rice were distributed to
505 children and mothers.

(e)  WFP's sub-Office in Maluku has been closed in view of a much improved
local situation and very low needs for food assistance.

(f)  WFP is currently advocating with local governments to continue
assisting ex-OPSM (Subsidized Rice Programme) beneficiaries under
Government's Safety Net Work, the RASKIN Programme, after WFP phases out
its programme in January next year. The allocation of RASKIN 2005 for West
Java has been increased by some 13,380 tons compared to 2004.

(g)  The first advisory meeting regarding Nutrition Mapping and Analysis
was conducted on 25 November. The meeting was organized jointly by BPS
(Central Bureau of Statistics) and WFP. The advisory team consists of
experts from WFP, World Bank, UNICEF, WHO, Ministry of Social Welfare,
Ministry of Agricuture, Ministry of Health, BAPPENAS (National Planning
Board).

(h)  A mission from the Republic of Korea visited Nutrition Rehabilitation
Project sites including Primary School and Mother & Child Health
Programmes at Posyandu as well as OPSM and Community Development Projects
(CDP). They were impressed, in particular with the OPSM subsidized rice
Programme and the way the generated funds are used for the community
infrastructure.

(i)  Selection of NGOs for the expansion of the Nutrition Rehabilitation
Programme has been completed for Greater Jakarta, Surabaya and Lombok. An
NGO workshop on new implementation of the TB programme was conducted at
the end of November.



G)  Latin America and the Caribbean: (1) Bolivia, (2) Colombia, (3)
Guatemala, (4) Haiti, (5) Nicaragua, (6) Peru

1)  Bolivia

(a)  WFP visited the country's drought-affected areas, with the presence
of national and international press, concluding that drought affected
families depend on food assistance to be able to eat. The full recovery of
the most affected El Chaco region depends greatly on the rain until the
next harvest (May 2005) and the availability of seeds. As many families do
not have seeds for the sowing season, local leaders are demanding that the
government provides the seeds.

(b)  WFP food distribution for drought-affected families with the use of
IR/EMOP resources was completed, benefiting approximately 8,600 families.
Distributions of about 1,100 tons, with the use of EMOP resources, will
start by the end of December. Lentils, currently with a very high price in
the local market, will be substituted most probably by beans. Meanwhile,
the first distributions under the EMOP, will consist only of maize and
vegetable oil.

(c)  Water reservoirs, drinking water systems, protection fences and
community roads are being built through food-for-work activities.
Beneficiaries ?mainly women- are also receiving food-for-training to
improve their nutrition and health.


2)  Colombia

(a)  UNHCR reported that Colombia is the third country in the world with
the highest number of internally displaced population after Sudan and
Congo. The report indicates that despite the Colombian Government efforts,
there is still a lot of work to do to reduce the number of displacements
in the country.  It is estimated that the cumulative number of displaced
people in Colombia is around 2 to 3 million people.

(b)  According to the UNHCR report, about 5,000 inhabitants in the nearby
areas of the municipality of Bojaya, province of Choco, are at direct risk
of displacement due to the growing number of armed groups in the region.
In response, WFP provided food rations to 1,500 indigenous people to
contribute to the building of community centers and an aqueduct.  The area
has already experienced significant displacements this year. Some 1,200
members of an indigenous community fled their homes in March and returned
around July. Another 1,000 Afro-Colombians fled in May. WFP develops 8
implementation projects in the context of PRRO 10158 in the nearby areas
of the Municipality of Bojaya.

(c)  A total of 553 paramilitaries of the United Self-Defense Forces laid
down their arms on 18 December as part of an ongoing peace process with
the government and will now enter programmes for reintegration into
civilian life.  The paramilitaries, members of Block Calima, were based
around the city of Cali, province of Valle del Cauca. WFP plans to open a
new sub office in this city as part of the new PRRO which will start in
April 2005.

(d)  WFP distributed a total of over 110 tons of food in the context of
the PRRO 10158, Assistance to People Displaced by Violence.  The food was
distributed in 13 provinces, reaching almost 108,910 people.  These
commodities were distributed in Food for Work, Food for Training and
Community Kitchens activities.  Additionally, WFP continued to deliver
preschool and school feeding rations to fulfill necessities of children
during the school holiday season.


3)  Guatemala

(a)  Although frequent rains between September and November increased soil
humidity, the drought persists in certain areas of the country.  The
accumulated impact of crop losses in the first and second harvest may have
a significant impact on the access to food, particularly for the most
vulnerable population.  The situation may become of serious concern by
March next year, when the food reserves of the families affected by the
drought are expected to run out. WFP is participating in the Risk
Management Group led by the "Anti-Hunger Front" initiative which is in the
process of designing a response to crop failure in the affected areas.

(b)  The National Institute of Seismology, Volcanology, Meteorology and
Hydrology continued to report volcanic activity at Fuego volcano.
Explosions of the Santiaguito volcano caused slight ash-filled rains that
fell on the San Jose Patzulin and La Quina estates, as well as on the
community of Santa Maria de Jesus.

(c)  The Government of Guatemala announced that it has reached an
agreement with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for
Human Rights to establish a delegation in the country, subject to approval
by Congress. UNHCHR will follow-up the work of the UN mission in Guatemala
which closed its offices last November, after ten years of monitoring
human rights violations in the country.

(d)  Several hundred members of the Agrarian Platform, an umbrella
organization of farmer unions and cooperatives, protested in front of the
Presidential House to demand the payments committed by the government for
land rental. Although protesters blocked the roads, the rally ended
peacefully without any major incidents.

(e)  During last week, WFP dispatched over 175 tons of maize, beans,
vegetable oil, and CSB to community distribution and therapeutic feeding
centers, run by the Ministry of Health to contribute to the nutritional
recovery of children, pregnant and lactating women, and their families
suffering from recurring shocks. The food aid will benefit some 2,080
families (10,400 beneficiaries) over a two-month period.


4)  Haiti

(a)  The entire country continues in UN security phase III.  Common crime
and/or political violence are reported in several areas of Port-au-Prince
and in other parts of the country. MINUSTAH continues to support the
Haitian National Policy in stabilizing the security environment in Cite
Soleil.  During the past week, the security operation launched in this
area helped to open a safe corridor for humanitarian activities to resume.
UNSECOORD and MINUSTAH continue to trace the two WFP vehicles that were
hijacked in the past week.

(b)  WFP continued to move the food containers that arrived recently at
the seaport of Port-au-Prince. Arrival of this cargo had been delayed by
strikes at the port of transit and its reception took additional days due
to the strike of custom officers at Port-au-Prince. The process of moving
the food commodities from the port to the WFP warehouse continues to be
affected by the state of insecurity around the port area.  From 10
December, only 49 containers have been moved and a total of 337 containers
are still at the port

(c)  The security situation in and around Gonaives continues to be
relatively calm and no incidents involving humanitarian agencies were
reported during the past week. Under WFP's Emergency Operation (EMOP), a
total of over 205 tons of WFP food commodities were distributed by the
implementing partner CARE to some 5,325 beneficiaries in localities that
had been heavily affected by the floods in Gonaives. Distributions were
held at a rate of 1 to 2 distribution sites per day.

(d)  In addition, from 12 to 18 December, a total of about 125 tons of
food were delivered to health centres (under the EMOP and the Country
Programme) in the West, North and North-East departments and through the
various PRRO activities in the North-West.  Furthermore, WFP delivered a
total of some 110 tons of food to the implementing partner, Food for the
Poor, to be distributed to vulnerable children and their families in Cite
Soleil.

(e)  WFP and implementing partner World Vision conducted the last field
survey on WFP's Enhanced Commitments to Women, in Cap Haitien.  This field
survey focused on food-for-work and health activities.


5)  Nicaragua

(a)  The political crisis in the country continues as the executive power
appealed for legal protection at the Supreme Court, accusing the
Parliament of destabilizing the powers of the state. The President's
invitation for a national dialogue was postponed by the opposition
parties, PLC and FLSN. The governance of the country is seriously affected
by the crisis.

(b)  Food distributions under the Nicaragua component of the regional PRRO
10212.0 have ended for this year and will resume in January 2005. A total
of about 10,655 pregnant and lactating women, about 11,490 children under
2 years old, and 78,960 school children were assisted in 2004.
Furthermore, a total of 2,000 poor rural families in the northern and
central region of the country were assisted.

(c)  WFP in Nicaragua faces a shortfall of rice, beans, vegetable oil and
maize for its PRRO 10212.0 through May 2005. WFP will face serious
pipeline breaks during the second quarter of year 2005 if no commodities
are announced in the coming months or if commodities arrive late.


6)  Peru:

(a)  According to WFP field monitors, the bad weather situation poses a
threat to food security. In Puno, peasants suffering from lack of food are
trying to survive with activities other than harvest and animal breeding,
while waiting for the harvest season which begins in March.  In Apurimac,
heavy rains and snow are foreseen from January to March which is expected
to isolate the communities in the highlands, if the rivers overflow.

(b)  WFP is planning to start implementation of EMOP 10393, Assistance to
Vulnerable Families due to Extreme Cold Weather Damage in Highland Areas
of Southern Peru, in Puno and Apurimac, by mid-January. The signature of
the letter of understanding between the Government and WFP is still
pending.


Note: All tonnage figures in this report refer to metric tons (MT).

END WFP Emergency Report No. 52, 2004


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